Showing 1 – 34 of 34 results.
Self-published
Population Ageing and the Environment: A Comparative Study of Nature-Concerning and Action-Requiring Outcomes (ICPSR 247989)
Released/updated on: 2026-05-07
Geographic coverage: Earth
Time period: 1995-01-01--2018-12-31
This research investigates the relationship between demographic ageing and environmental performance by analysing both macro-level outcomes and micro-level individual attitudes. The study proposes a conceptual framework that distinguishes between nature-concerning outcomes, which require minimal civic engagement, and action-requiring outcomes, which necessitate active public participation. Drawing on a comprehensive panel of global data spanning the period from 1995 to 2018, the empirical analysis demonstrates that population ageing is associated with improvements in environmental dimensions that do not depend on high levels of social mobilisation. However, no statistically significant link is found for outcomes that rely on participatory action. These findings are complemented by an analysis of individual-level survey data from 2005 to 2016, which reveals a differential impact of societal ageing. While living in an ageing society is associated with lower levels of active environmental engagement, it does not appear to weaken underlying environmental concern. Instead, subjective attachment to the environment is found to be primarily driven by individual ageing.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
National Surveys on Energy and the Environment, [United States], Fall 2008-Fall 2017 (ICPSR 36368)
Released/updated on: 2020-08-24
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2008-01-01--2017-12-31
The National Surveys on Energy and Environment (NSEE), is an on-going biannual national opinion survey on energy and climate policy. Launched in 2008, over time the NSEE has covered topics such as public policy approaches to address climate change including federal, state, and international action; energy policies such as cap-and-trade, carbon taxes, renewable energy requirements, vehicle emissions standards, and many more; and knowledge and attitudes about global warming, climate adaptation, fracking, and geoengineering. NSEE was co-founded by professor Barry Rabe at the University of Michigan, and professor Christopher Borick at Muhlenberg College, and is fielded by the Muhlenberg College Institute of Public Opinion.
From 2008 to 2012 the survey was called the "National Survey of American Public Opinion on Climate Change" (NSAPOOC); starting in 2013 the survey was renamed to the "National Surveys on Energy and Environment" (NSEE). This dataset includes data from eighteen waves, from Fall 2008 through Fall 2017. Demographic variables include age, years of education completed, income, political affiliation, religious affiliation, gender, and race.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Eurobarometer 80.2: Climate Change, Agriculture, Healthcare, and Physical Activity, November-December 2013 (ICPSR 36627)
Released/updated on: 2017-05-12
Geographic coverage: Cyprus, Portugal, Malta, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Great Britain, Austria, Latvia, Luxembourg, Ireland, Poland, Slovenia, Slovakia, France, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Croatia, Romania, Hungary, Northern Ireland, Spain, Czech Republic, Belgium, European Union, Finland, Denmark, Italy, Germany, Estonia
Time period: 2013-11-02--2013-12-02
The Eurobarometer series is a unique cross-national and cross-temporal survey program conducted on behalf of the European Commission. These surveys regularly monitor public opinion in the European Union (EU) member countries and consist of standard modules and special topic modules. The standard modules address attitudes towards European unification, institutions and policies, measurements for general socio-political orientations, as well as respondent and household demographics. The special topic modules address such topics as agriculture, education, natural environment and resources, public health, public safety and crime, and science and technology.
This round of Eurobarometer surveys covered the following special topics: (1) Climate Change, (2) Agriculture, (3) Healthcare, and (4) Physical Activity. Respondents' opinions were collected regarding how serious an issue they considered climate change, who within the EU is responsible for addressing it, and what personal actions they have taken to fight climate change. Respondents were also questioned about the importance of agriculture in the EU, their opinions on agricultural policies such as the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), the role of farmers in the EU, and the labeling of the place of origin for meat and dairy products. Additional questions were asked regarding patient safety, the quality of health care in the respondent's country compared to other countries, information sources used to assess the quality of hospitals, if the respondent or a family member had a surgical procedure, and whether the respondent or a family member experienced an adverse event when receiving health care. Lastly, respondents were queried about their level of physical activity, including how often and how vigorously they participated in activities, their opinions of exercise, how much time they spend sitting on an average day, any issues that prevent them from being physically active, and whether they volunteer in sporting activities.
Demographic and other background information collected includes age, gender, nationality, marital status, occupation, age when stopped full-time education, household composition, ownership of various goods, difficulties in paying bills, level in society, and Internet use. In addition, country-specific data includes type and size of locality, region of residence, and language of interview (select countries).
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
ANES 1996 Time Series Study (ICPSR 6896)
Released/updated on: 2016-09-20
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1992-01-01--1996-12-31
This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1948, designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. The 1996 National Election Study contains both a pre- and a post-election component. The pre-election survey includes interviews in which approximately 77 percent of the cases are empaneled respondents who were first interviewed in the ANES 1992 TIME SERIES STUDY (ICPSR 6067) or the ANES 1994 TIME SERIES STUDY (ICPSR 6507), or both. The other 23 percent of the pre-election cases are a freshly drawn cross-section sample. Of the 1,714 citizens interviewed during the pre-election stage, 1,534 (89.5 percent) also participated in the post-election survey: 1,197 of these respondents were panel cases and 337 were cross-section. The content of the 1996 Election Study reflects its dual function, both as a traditional presidential election year time-series data collection and as a panel study. Substantive themes presented in the 1996 questionnaires included interest in political campaigns, evaluations of the political parties, knowledge and evaluation of the presidential and House candidates, political participation (including turnout in the presidential primaries and in the November general election as well as other forms of electoral campaign activity), and vote choices for president, the United States House of Representatives, and the United States Senate. Additional items focus on perceptions of personal and national economic well-being, positions on social welfare issues like the role of government in the provision of jobs and a good standard of living, positions on social issues (including abortion, women's roles, and prayer in the schools), racial and ethnic stereotypes, opinions on affirmative action, attitudes toward immigrants, opinions about the nation's most important problems, political predispositions, social altruism, social networks, feeling thermometers for a wide range of political figures and political groups, affinity with various social groups. The 1996 study also includes new measures related to the dynamics of the congressional campaign, questions regarding the importance of issues, and the respondents' level of certainty regarding their expressed opinions, as well as new items about crime, the environment, gun control and income inequality. An eight-minute module of questions included in the post-election survey was developed by a consortium of electoral scholars from 52 polities to facilitate comparative analysis of political attitudes and voting behavior. Social capital items assess trust in people and government as well as membership and activity in a wide variety of social, political, religious, and civic organizations. A full complement of variables on group membership and participation is also available in the Group Membership File which can be merged with the Main Data File. Detailed demographic information is provided, as well as measures of religious affiliation and religiosity.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
ANES 1998 Time Series Study (ICPSR 2684)
Released/updated on: 2016-03-28
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1998-01-01--1998-12-31
This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1948. The election studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. Substantive themes of the 1998 election study include, among others, knowledge and evaluation of the House candidates and placement of the candidates on various issue dimensions, interest in the political campaigns, attentiveness to the media's coverage of the campaign, media use, evaluation of the mass media, vote choice, partisanship, and evaluations of the political parties and the party system. Additional items focused on political participation, political mobilization, evaluations of the president and Congress, the "Lewinsky affair," egalitarianism, moral traditionalism, political trust, political efficacy, ideology, cultural pluralism, and political knowledge. Respondents were also asked about their attitudes toward a wide range of issues, including social policy, racial policy, military and foreign policy, immigration, foreign imports, prayer in schools, school vouchers, the environment, the death penalty, women's rights, abortion, as well as religion and politics, including new measures of explicitly political and religious orientations. Demographic variables include respondent's age, sex, nationality, marital status, employment status, occupation, and education.
Curated
ANES 1988 Time Series Study (ICPSR 9196)
Released/updated on: 2015-11-10
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1988-01-01--1988-12-31
This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1952. The election studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. In addition to the standard or core content items, new topics include evaluations of the presidential primary candidates, respondent's primary vote, the budget deficit, health insurance, foreign policy, equal rights for women, the drug problem, the Reagan presidency, recall of the 1984 presidential vote, parental party identification, evaluation of Bush and Dukakis on the issues of environment and crime, the death penalty, and new system support and political efficacy items. The file also contains post-election vote validation and election administration survey data as well as data collected in 1991 to revalidate the 1988 respondents in order to assess the reliability of the vote validation process.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Eurobarometer 75.2: Economic Crisis, Volunteer Work, the Environment, Audiovisual Interests, and Helplines for Social Services, April-May 2011 (ICPSR 34265)
Released/updated on: 2015-09-16
Geographic coverage: Cyprus, Portugal, Global, Malta, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, Latvia, Luxembourg, Ireland, Poland, Slovenia, Slovakia, France, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Romania, Hungary, Europe, United Kingdom, Spain, Czech Republic, Belgium, European Union, Finland, Denmark, Italy, Germany, Estonia
Time period: 2011-04-13--2011-05-04
The Eurobarometer series is a unique cross-national and cross-temporal survey program conducted on behalf of the European Commission. These surveys regularly monitor public opinion in the European Union (EU) member countries and consist of standard modules and special topic modules. The standard modules address attitudes towards European unification, institutions and policies, measurements for general socio-political orientations, as well as respondent and household demographics. The special topic modules address such topics as agriculture, education, natural environment and resources, public health, public safety and crime, and science and technology.
This round of Eurobarometer surveys covers the following special topics: (1) the economic crisis, (2) volunteer work, (3) the environment, (4) interests and access to audiovisuals, and (5) helplines for social services. Questions in this survey pertain to the effect of the euro on the economic crisis, proper country and EU response to the economy's problems, appropriate response to food shortages and rising food prices, and European Parliament policy priorities. Respondents were asked for their opinions concerning volunteering and how often they volunteered, the importance of environmental protection, environmental issues that worried them and the best way to address these issues, and personal efforts to protect the environment. Other questions address the type, source and frequency of audiovisual content consumed. Lastly, respondents were queried on knowledge and opinions of telephone hotlines and helplines for services of social value.
Demographic and other background information collected includes age, gender, nationality, marital status and parental relations, left-right political self-placement, occupation, age when stopped full-time education, household composition, ownership of a fixed or a mobile telephone and other durable goods, difficulties in paying bills, level in society, and Internet use. In addition, country-specific data includes type and size of locality, region of residence, and language of interview (select countries).
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Euro-barometer 6: Twenty Years of the Common Market, October/November 1976 (ICPSR 7511)
Released/updated on: 2015-05-05
Geographic coverage: Netherlands, Great Britain, Belgium, Europe, Luxembourg, Ireland, Denmark, Italy, France, Germany, Global
Time period: 1976-10-01--1976-11-30
This round of Euro-Barometer surveys queried respondents on standard Euro-Barometer measures, such as how satisfied they were with their present life, whether they attempted to persuade others close to them to share their views on subjects they held strong opinions about, whether they discussed political matters, what their country's goals should be for the next ten years, and how they viewed the need for societal change. Additional questions focused on the respondents' knowledge of and opinions on the European Community (EC), including how well-informed they felt about the EC, what sources of information about the EC they used, whether their country had benefited from being an EC member, and the extent of their personal interest in EC matters. Another major focus of the surveys was on the achievements and problems of the Common Market and the European Community. These questions dealt with respondents' interest in a wide range of problems facing the EC, including the coordination of economic and foreign policy and the establishment of social and environmental policies. This section was extended to probe respondents' preferences on whether the EC or the individual countries should make the final decisions on these issues. The interview further inquired about perceptions of the EC's future and preferences among various policy choices the EC would be making. Another series of questions was directed at the election of the European Parliament, then scheduled for spring 1978. Standard demographic questions gathered information about the respondents' religious affiliation, education, occupation, marital status, age, and sex, as well as the occupation of the head of household and the composition of the household. In addition to the survey itself, the ICPSR version of the study contains four constructed indices. One of these indices places respondents along a materialist/postmaterialist values continuum, two indices categorize respondents' political ideology according to their partisan support and their left-right leanings, and the fourth index measures the respondents' opinion leadership in discussions with others about politics. Euro-Barometer 6 contains data gathered from representative samples of respondents aged 15 or older interviewed in each of the nine nations of the EC (Germany, Great Britain, Denmark, Italy, France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Ireland, and the Netherlands) in October-November 1976.
Curated
ANES 1988 Time Series Study (ICPSR 35132)
Released/updated on: 2014-06-25
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1988-01-01--1988-12-31
This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1952. The election studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. In addition to the standard or core content items, new topics include evaluations of the presidential primary candidates, respondent's primary vote, the budget deficit, health insurance, foreign policy, equal rights for women, the drug problem, the Reagan presidency, recall of the 1984 presidential vote, parental party identification, evaluation of Bush and Dukakis on the issues of environment and crime, the death penalty, and new system support and political efficacy items. The file also contains post-election vote validation and election administration survey data as well as data collected in 1991 to revalidate the 1988 respondents in order to assess the reliability of the vote validation process.
Curated
ANES 1995 Pilot Study (ICPSR 35141)
Released/updated on: 2014-05-19
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1995-08-03--1995-09-10
A number of pilot studies have been conducted by the National Election Studies (NES) for the purpose of developing new instrumentation. The 1995 Pilot Study is part of this effort, which also includes studies conducted in 1979, 1983, 1985, 1987, 1989, 1991, and 1993. As in earlier pilot studies (except for 1979), the 1995 study respondents were a subset of the previous year's traditional time-series respondents. The study is a one-wave reinterview of a randomly selected subset of respondents with telephones from the fresh cross-section portion of the AMERICAN NATIONAL ELECTION STUDY, 1994: POST-ELECTION SURVEY [ENHANCED WITH 1992 AND 1993 DATA] (ICPSR 6507). The 1995 Pilot Study was conducted between August 3 and September 10, 1995. The content of the study reflects the NES commitment to improve measures of candidate evaluation, the impact of the campaign, values and predispositions, the comparative study of elections, and other responses to a stimulus letter calling for ideas for content sent to the user community on November 4, 1994. Specific topic areas in the study include: (1) an experiment using different measures of affective reactions to political figures, (2) a module of items being concurrently tested in many other nations as part of a comparative study of politics, (3) a set of 12 items asking respondents to make tradeoffs among programs, taxes, and the budget deficit, (4) a set of items designed to measure attitudes toward the environment and environmental policy, (5) a new measure of "humanitarianism," and (6) an extensive set of items regarding attention to the media intended to capture exposure to the political campaigns. In order to include all of the content, and to test between competing instrumentation, there were two forms of the questionnaire. Rosters of items, such as the thermometer, were randomized in administration to minimize order effects.
Curated
ANES 1996 Time Series Study (ICPSR 35142)
Released/updated on: 2014-05-19
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1990-01-01--1996-12-31
This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1952, designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. The 1996 National Election Study contains both pre- and post-election components. The Pre-Election Survey includes interviews in which approximately 77 percent of the cases are comprised of impanelled respondents first interviewed in either AMERICAN NATIONAL ELECTION STUDY, 1992: PRE- AND POST-ELECTION SURVEY [ENHANCED WITH 1990 AND 1991 DATA] (ICPSR 6067) or in AMERICAN NATIONAL ELECTION STUDY, 1994: POST-ELECTION SURVEY [ENHANCED WITH 1992 AND 1993 DATA] (ICPSR 6507). The other 23 percent of the pre-election cases are a freshly drawn cross-section sample. Of the 1,714 citizens interviewed during the pre-election stage, 1,534 (89.5 percent) also participated in the Post-Election Survey (1,197 of these were panel cases and 337 were cross-section). The content of the 1996 Election Study reflects its dual function, both as the traditional presidential election year time-series data collection and as a panel study. Substantive themes presented in the 1996 questionnaires included interest in topics such as political campaigns, evaluations of the political parties, knowledge of and evaluation of presidential and House candidates, political participation (including turnout in the presidential primaries and in the November general election and other forms of electoral campaign activity), and vote choice for president, the United States House of Representatives, and the United States Senate, including second choice for president. Additional items focused on perceptions of personal and national economic well-being, positions on social welfare issues like the role of government in the provision of jobs and a good standard of living), positions on social issues (including abortion, women's roles, and prayer in the schools), racial and ethnic stereotypes, opinions on affirmative action, attitudes toward immigrants, opinions about the nation's most important problem, political predispositions, social altruism, social connectedness, feeling thermometers on a wide range of political figures and political groups, affinity with various social groups, and detailed demographic information and measures of religious affiliation and religiosity. Previous updates added a core battery of campaign-related items in the pre-election wave to better understand the dynamics of congressional campaigns, several questions related to issue importance and uncertainty both in relation to respondents and to candidates, an eight-minute module of questions developed by a consortium of electoral scholars from 52 polities to facilitate comparative analysis of political attitudes and voting behavior, and a measure of exposure to entertainment programs as an indirect measure of exposure to campaign advertisements. Additional items from previous updates concerned social issues, the environment, like air quality and the safety of drinking water, and the media. The fifth version of the data adds an auxiliary file consisting of merged data on group membership previously found in 1996 Pre-Post releases. In addition, the documentation for variable V961454, included in both the new Auxiliary file and in the 1996 Pre-Post file, was incorrect. The variable information has been corrected in the codebooks and variable labels for the Auxiliary File but not corrected in the 1996 Pre-Post codebook or variable labels.
Curated
ANES 1998 Time Series Study (ICPSR 35145)
Released/updated on: 2014-05-19
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1998-01-01--1998-12-31
This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1952. The election studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. Substantive themes of the 1998 election study include, among others, knowledge and evaluation of the House candidates and placement of the candidates on various issue dimensions, interest in the political campaigns, attentiveness to the media's coverage of the campaign, media use, evaluation of the mass media, vote choice, partisanship, and evaluations of the political parties and the party system. Additional items focused on political participation, political mobilization, evaluations of the president and Congress, the "Lewinsky affair," egalitarianism, moral traditionalism, political trust, political efficacy, ideology, cultural pluralism, and political knowledge. Respondents were also asked about their attitudes toward a wide range of issues, including social policy, race policy, military and foreign policy, immigration, foreign imports, prayer in schools, school vouchers, the environment, the death penalty, women's rights, abortion, and religion and politics, including new measures of explicitly political and religious orientations. Demographic items such as age, sex, nationality, marital status, employment status, occupation, and education were also included.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Improving Deliberative Environmental Management Under Uncertainty, 2009-2010 (ICPSR 34809)
Released/updated on: 2013-08-30
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2009-01-01--2010-12-31
Improving Deliberative Environmental Management Under Uncertainty examined similarities and differences between expert and public understanding of uncertainty. This collection directly compares expert and layperson interpretations and understandings of different expressions of uncertainty, in the context of evaluating the consequences of proposed environmental management actions that influence economic, social, or health concerns. Data were collected via a Web-based survey where respondents were asked a series of questions after they were given four hypothetical scenarios on the following topics: wind farms, vegetation management, superfund site, and salmon. Each scenario described an environmental proposal along with pros and cons then respondents selected a response option with costs and benefits of the proposal in mind. The first scenario focused on a plan to manage forest vegetation in the northeastern United States, using either conventional methods involving aerial spraying of herbicides or more expensive hand spraying methods intended to reduce adverse impacts on local moose populations. The second scenario focused on a proposal to build a new windfarm in a western state, which would lower electricity rates to local communities but could have negative effects on resident songbird populations. The third scenario focused on a plan to clean up hazardous waste at a large industrial Superfund site. The waste was estimated to have caused 200 children to develop serious respiratory illness from exposure to contaminated drinking water; building a decontamination facility would reduce the number of sick children but would be very expensive and would take time to build. The fourth scenario focused on a plan to reduce the declining population of Chinook Salmon. In order to reduce the Chinook Salmon declines in the Seshon River, an advisory committee must find a balance between the protection of salmon and the use of water to generate electricity, which is a cause in salmon reduction. Participants responded to hypothetical but realistic scenarios involving trade-offs between options presented and other objectives, and were asked a series of questions about their comprehension of the uncertainty information, their preferred choice among the alternatives, and the associated difficulty and amount of effort. Respondents were asked general questions which ranged from how they felt about a particular issue to how easy or difficult it was to answer the questions associated with each scenario. Demographic information includes gender, age and education level.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Survey of Attitudes of Ecological Society of America (ESA) Members, April 2011 (ICPSR 34684)
Released/updated on: 2013-07-02
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2011-04-01--2011-04-30
This survey was conducted to measure the attitudes of Ecological Society of America (ESA) members. Respondents were asked about the type of ecological research they conduct, their methods of research, and their level of satisfaction with their work. Respondents were also questioned about what attributes and values that an ecologist ought to possess and what activities compromise scientific integrity. Finally, respondents were asked whether or not research and participation in public environmental issues can or should be purely objective and value-free. Demographic information includes age, gender, highest academic degree, and nature of employment.
External data
International Environmental Agreements (IEA) Database Project (ICPSR 31021)
Released/updated on: 2011-04-08
Geographic coverage: Global
The International Environmental Agreements (IEA) Database Project seeks to foster analysis of international environmental agreements (IEAs) by providing a "single source" repository for most information related to IEAs and the evaluation of their influence. Initiated in 2002, the Database seeks to provide negotiators, treaty secretariats, scholars, students, and interested citizens with a reliable list of all historic and current IEAs. IEAs, as defined here, include efforts to regulate human interactions with the environment that involve legally binding commitments ("agreements") among governments ("international") that have environmental protection as a primary objective ("environmental").
Curated
Partially restricted
Assessing Punitive and Cooperative Strategies of Corporate Crime Control for Select Companies Operating in 1995 Through 2000 [United States] (ICPSR 22180)
Released/updated on: 2011-01-27
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1995-01-01--2000-12-31
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the extent to which deterrence or cooperative strategies motivated firms and their facilities to comply with environmental regulations. The project collected administrative data (secondary data) for a sample of publicly owned, United States companies in the pulp and paper, steel, and oil refining industries from 1995 to 2000 to track each firm's economic, environmental, and enforcement compliance history. Company Economic and Size Data (Part 1) from 1993 to 2000 were gathered from the Standard and Poor's Industrial Compustat, Mergent Online, and Securities and Exchange Commission, resulting in 512 company/year observations. Next, the research team used the Directory of Corporate Affiliations, the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Toxic Release Inventory (TRI), and the EPA's Permit Compliance System (PCS) to identify all facilities owned by the sample of firms between 1995 and 2000. Researchers then gathered Facility Ownership Data (Part 2), resulting in 15,408 facility/year observations.
The research team gathered various types of PCS data from the EPA for facilities in the sample. Permit Compliance System Facility Data (Part 3) were gathered on the 214 unique major National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits issued to facilities in the sample. Although permits were given to facilities, facilities could have one or more discharge points (e.g., pipes) that released polluted water directly into surface waters. Thus, Permit Compliance System Discharge Points (Pipe Layout) Data (Part 4) were also collected on 1,995 pipes.
The EPA determined compliance using two methods: inspections and evaluations/assessments. Permit Compliance System Inspections Data (Part 5) were collected on a total of 1,943 inspections. Permit Compliance System Compliance Schedule Data (Part 6) were collected on a total of 3,336 compliance schedule events. Permit Compliance System Compliance Schedule Violation Data (Part 7) were obtained for a total of 246 compliance schedule violations. Permit Compliance System Single Event Violations Data (Part 8) were collected on 75 single event violations. Permit Compliance System Measurement/Effluent and Reporting Violations Data (Part 9) were collected for 396,479 violations. Permit Compliance System Enforcement Actions Data (Part 10) were collected on 1,730 enforcement actions.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration Data (Part 11) were collected on a total of 2,243 inspections. The OSHA data were collected by company name and include multiple facilities owned by each company and were not limited to facilities in the Permit Compliance System. Additional information about firm noncompliance was drawn from EPA Docket and CrimDoc systems. Administrative and Judicial Docket Case Data (Part 12) were collected on 40 administrative and civil cases. Administrative and Judicial Docket Case Settlement Data (Part 13) were collected on 36 administrative and civil cases. Criminal Case Data (Part 14) were collected on three criminal cases.
For secondary data analysis purposes, the research team created the Yearly Final Report Data (Part 15) and the Quarterly Final Report Data (Part 16). The yearly data contain a total of 378 company/year observations; the quarterly data contain a total of 1,486 company/quarter observations.
The research team also conducted a vignette survey of the same set of companies that are in the secondary data to measure compliance and managerial decision-making. Concerning the Vignette Data (Part 17), a factorial survey was developed and administered to company managers tapping into perceptions of the costs and benefits of pro-social and anti-social conduct for themselves and their companies. A total of 114 respondents from 2 of the sampled corporations read and responded to a total of 384 vignettes representing 4 scenario types: technical noncompliance, significant noncompliance, over-compliance, and response to counter-terrorism.
Part 1 contains 19 economic and size variables. Part 2 contains a total of eight variables relating to ownership. Part 3 contains 67 variables with regard to facility characteristics. Part 4 contains 31 variables relating to discharge points and pipe layout information. Part 5 contains 13 inspections characteristics variables. Part 6 contains 13 compliance schedule event characteristics variables. Part 7 contains 11 compliance schedule violation characteristics variables. Part 8 contains 10 single event violation characteristics variables. Part 9 contains 79 variables including variables for matching limits and discharge monitoring reports, actual limits (permitted levels) variables, standardized limits variables, statistical base codes variables, reported units on limits variables, units for standardized limits variables, sampling information variables, additional limits information, actual DMR reports for each limit, effluent violations, and variables relating to technical aspects of reporting. Part 10 contains 26 enforcement actions variables. Part 11 contains 24 Occupational Safety and Health Administration inspection variables. Part 12 contains 39 administrative and judicial court case characteristics variables. Part 13 contains 21 court case settlement characteristics variables. Part 14 contains 9 criminal case characteristics variables. Part 15 contains 95 variables created for final report analyses by year. Part 16 contains 46 variables created for final report analyses by quarter. Part 17 contains 157 variables including pro-social variables with security/over-compliance intentions, noncompliance variables with technical/significant noncompliance intentions, vignette characteristics variables, other variables derived from survey questions, environmental norms variables, and demographic characteristics variables.
Curated
Excel file for RICE model as of April 26, 2010 (ICPSR 28461)
Released/updated on: 2010-11-17
Geographic coverage: Global
Time period: 1975-01-01--2010-12-31
The science of global warming has reached a consensus on the high likelihood of substantial warming over the coming century. Nations have taken but limited steps to reduce greenhouse gas emissions since the first agreement at Kyoto in 1997, and little progress was made at the Copenhagen meeting in December 2009. The present study examines alternative outcomes for emissions, climate change, and damages under different policy scenarios. It uses an updated version of the RICE model (Regional Integrated model of Climate and the Economy). New projections suggest that substantial future warming will occur if no abatement policies are implemented. The model also calculates the path of carbon prices necessary to keep the increase in global mean temperature to 2 degrees C or less in an efficient manner. The carbon price for 2010 associated with that goal is estimated to be $59 per ton (at 2005 prices), compared with an effective global average price today of around $5 per ton. However, it is unlikely that the Copenhagen temperature goal will be attained even if countries meet their ambitious stated objectives under the Copenhagen Accord. This file is the program used to create the runs. The file is RICE_042510.xlsm
Curated
Eurobarometer 67.2: European Union Enlargement, Personal Data Privacy, the National Economy, and Scientific Research, April-May 2007 (ICPSR 21160)
Released/updated on: 2010-06-29
Geographic coverage: Cyprus, Portugal, Global, Malta, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, Latvia, Luxembourg, Ireland, Poland, Slovenia, Slovakia, France, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Croatia, Romania, Hungary, Europe, United Kingdom, Spain, Czech Republic, Turkey, Belgium, Finland, Denmark, Italy, Macedonia, Germany, Estonia
Time period: 2007-04-10--2007-05-15
This round of Eurobarometer surveys queried respondents on standard Eurobarometer measures, such as how satisfied they were with their present life, whether they attempted to persuade others close to them to share their views on subjects they held strong opinions about, whether they discussed political matters, what their expectations were for the next 12 months, and how they viewed economic and social issues in their country compared to the European Union (EU). Additional questions focused on the respondents' knowledge of and opinions on the EU, including how well-informed they felt about the it, what sources of information about the EU they used, whether their country had benefited from being an EU member (or would benefit from being a future member), and the extent of their personal interest in EU matters. Another major focus of the surveys was personal data privacy. The survey asked respondents about their knowledge of the rules and requirements in protecting personal data, the ability of the law to protect citizens from entities accessing their information, and whether law enforcement should be able to access personal information for the purpose of fighting crime and terrorism. For the second major focus of the survey, the national economy, respondents were asked to evaluate their personal financial situation and their nation's economy, as well as to estimate the official growth rate (Gross Domestic Product), inflation rate, and unemployment rate, and then to compare these rates to those from previous or future years. Respondents also provided their opinion about the use of statistical information, especially for political decision-making. As a final major focus, respondents were asked about their interest in scientific research including how the media presents information about scientific research and what types of media they access to get information about this topic. Additional questions were asked of respondents in regard to globalization and involvement of the EU in this process, the 50th anniversary of EU achievements, the development of environmental, foreign, and immigration policies, and the European Council presidency. Demographic and other background information includes respondent's age, gender, nationality, origin of birth (personal and parental), marital status, left-to-right political self-placement, occupation, age when stopped full-time education, household composition, ownership of a fixed or a mobile telephone and other durable goods, type and size of locality, region of residence, and language of interview (select countries).
Curated
CBS News/New York Times Monthly Poll #2, May 1992 (ICPSR 6078)
Released/updated on: 2010-06-24
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1992-05-27--1992-05-30
This poll is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Respondents were asked to comment on what they thought was the most important problem facing the country, and to give their approval rating of George Bush with respect to his handling of the presidency, foreign policy, and the economy. Questions were also posed regarding respondents' vote intentions for the 1992 presidential election, their opinions of potential 1992 presidential candidates, the likelihood of their voting in either a Republican or Democratic presidential primary or caucus, their candidate preferences for the Democratic and Republican presidential nominations, and issues presidential candidates should emphasize. Respondents were asked for their views on urban unrest, the political system, whether Ross Perot should endorse individual candidates for Congress, whether homosexuals should be allowed to serve in high governmental office and in the United States armed forces, and whether Bush, Bill Clinton, and Perot had revealed enough about where they stood on the issues. Those surveyed were queried regarding transportation, laws on recycling and air pollution, Bush's handling of the environment, and the problem of pollution in general. Questions pertaining to the environment focused on whether people were willing to pay additional taxes to have garbage and waste treated, whether jobs would be threatened if stricter environmental regulations were passed, whether it was acceptable to reduce spending on the environment, which presidential candidate would make the right decisions for the environment, and the Earth Summit in Brazil. The survey also posed a series of questions on welfare which addressed issues such as the failure of fathers to pay child support, increasing federal spending on programs for the poor, the political party likely to reform the welfare system so that waste and cheating were reduced, whether welfare encouraged the poor to stay poor, increasing job training programs for people on welfare, whether people were using welfare for a short period of time or depending on it, and whether being on welfare encouraged larger families. Additional welfare questions dealt with whether women on welfare should get more money if they had additional children, whether the welfare system discouraged pregnant women from getting married, the availability of jobs for most welfare recipients, and whether most who received welfare could go without it. Background information on respondents includes sex, age, race, marital status, education, family income, religious preference, political orientation, and party preference.
Curated
CBS News/New York Times Monthly Poll #2, November 1997 (ICPSR 2360)
Released/updated on: 2010-06-04
Geographic coverage: United States
This poll, fielded November 23-24, 1997, is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Respondents were asked to give their opinions on President Bill Clinton's and Secretary of State Madeleine Albright's handling of United States foreign policy, specifically the situation with Iraq. Those queried were asked specifically about the role of the United States and the United Nations in the continuing sanctions imposed on Iraq. Respondents were also questioned about El Nino, environmental protection policies, global warming, and greenhouse gases. Additional items probed for parents' opinions on their teenagers' honesty, sexual experiences, and participation in high school pranks. Background information on respondents includes age, race, sex, age of children in household, political party, political orientation, education, and family income.
Curated
Planned Behavior, Environmental Values, and Domestic Water Conservation, in the Truckee River Watershed, [California and Nevada], 1998, 2000 (ICPSR 4185)
Released/updated on: 2007-09-26
Geographic coverage: United States, California, Nevada
Time period: 1998-07-01--1998-08-31, 2000-07-01--2000-10-31
This study examines attitudes and behaviors toward water conservation throughout the Truckee River Watershed in California and Nevada. The project was meant to serve the needs of policy makers and the public within an area facing difficult choices over the allocation of water resources. These data, comprising three separate files, are taken from information gathered in phone surveys from households in the Truckee River Watershed, including Truckee, California, and Reno, Fernley-Wadsworth, and Fallon, Nevada. Part 1, 1998 Data, contains data from the first wave of interviews in which respondents were asked whether or not they had a garden, how much grass was in their lawns, and if they had an automatic watering system. They were also asked questions about water meters, their water bills, and if they had saved more water than in the previous year. The survey also contained questions relating to respondents' environmental opinions, sources of information on conservation, steps taken to increase water conservation, and opinions on new innovations. Part 2, 2000 Data, contains data from the second wave of interviews from a combination of new respondents and the first wave interviews. The respondents were asked questions similar to those asked in the first wave of data collection. Part 3, 1998-2000 Panel Data, contains the data from both waves of data collection for those respondents who participated in both interviews. Demographic information includes age, income, sex, and ZIP code of the respondent, how long the respondent has lived in the watershed area, the amount of their water bill, the value of their home, and how much value any landscaping added to the market value of their home.
Curated
ABC News/Stanford University/Time Magazine Environment Poll #1, March 2006 (ICPSR 4658)
Released/updated on: 2007-06-29
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2006-03-01--2006-03-31
This special topic poll, conducted March 9-14, 2006, is part of a continuing series of monthly polls that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. The focus of this data collection was on environmental issues. Respondents rated the condition of the natural environment, and identified the most important environmental problem facing the world. Those polled were asked whether they approved of how President George W. Bush, the United States Congress, and American businesses were handling issues involving the natural environment, how much President Bush's policies, American businesses, and the American public did to help or harm the environment in the past year, and how much respondents wanted them to help the natural environment in the next year. Several questions asked how important the issue of global warming was to respondents, how much they knew about it, how serious a problem it was, and how much could be done to prevent future global warming and reduce its effects. Additional topics addressed changing local and worldwide weather patterns, scientists' assessments of the environment and global warming, whether the federal government should require companies and individuals to take measures to reduce global warming, and what type of vehicle respondents drove. Demographic variables include sex, age, race, education level, religious preference, household income, political party affiliation, political philosophy, type of residential area (e.g., urban or rural), whether respondents had any children or grandchildren, and whether they considered themselves born-again or evangelical Christians.
Curated
ABC News/Washington Post Poll, August 1989 (ICPSR 9355)
Released/updated on: 2006-12-22
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1989-08-17--1989-08-21
This data collection is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that evaluate the Bush presidency and solicit opinions on a variety of political and social issues. Respondents were asked what the most important problem facing the country was, how they felt about charges of alleged wrongdoing by former Reagan Housing Department officials, and who was taking the stronger leadership role in Washington--Bush or Congress. Respondents also were questioned regarding the destruction and burning of the American flag, the status of the nation's economy, the federal budget deficit, and spending on a series of federal government programs. Other topics covered include terrorism and the Middle East, the quality of education provided by public high schools, the new Medicare program covering catastrophic illness and long-term hospital stays, oil shipping companies and related environmental problems, and the upcoming House of Representatives election. Background information on respondents includes political alignment, 1988 presidential vote choice, education, age, religion, social class, marital status, household composition, labor union membership, employment status, race, sex, income, and state/region of residence.
Curated
ABC News/Washington Post Election Poll #2, October 1992 (ICPSR 6020)
Released/updated on: 2006-11-13
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1992-10-27--1992-10-27
This election poll focuses primarily on public perceptions of the 1992 presidential campaign. Respondents were queried concerning the likelihood of their voting in the election, their vote intentions, the strength of their support for a preferred candidate, the possibility of changing to support a different candidate before the election, the candidate the respondent might change to, and the respondent's level of satisfaction regarding his/her choice for president. A major portion of the survey evaluated the 1992 campaign in terms of whether, in comparison with other recent presidential campaigns, it had dealt with the biggest problems facing the country, whether issues that the respondent really cared about had been addressed, and whether the campaign had been more positive or negative than past presidential campaigns. Presidential candidates were evaluated along a similar line of questioning. Those surveyed were also asked to describe their level of worry in response to a variety of issues including pollution and environmental problems, the Republicans or Democrats having too much political power, the American education system getting worse, and the federal government running out of money, and to indicate whether these issues had received enough attention during the campaign. In addition, respondents were asked about the helpfulness of the presidential debates in deciding on a candidate, whether Ross Perot's running for president was a good or a bad thing, whether they would have voted for Perot if they thought there was a chance he could have won, whether the next president would take the country in a new direction, whether things in the United States were currently going in the right direction, and whether they would want the job of president for themselves or their children. Background information on respondents includes voter registration status, party preference, education, age, race and Hispanic origin, household income, and sex.
Curated
ABC News/Washington Post Poll, September 2002 (ICPSR 3557)
Released/updated on: 2005-12-15
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2002-09-01--2002-09-30
This poll is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Respondents were asked to give their opinions of the way President George W. Bush was handling his presidency, the economy, education, the United States campaign against terrorism, Social Security, the situation with Iraq, the cost of prescription drugs, environmental issues, and the issue of financial fraud and corporate accounting irregularities. Those polled also expressed their level of support for United States military action against Iraq. They were asked whether they would be for or against military action if United States allies were opposed to it and if Iraq cooperated or did not cooperate with United Nations weapons inspectors. Another topic of the survey was the November 2002 congressional election. Respondents were asked whether they had been following the election closely, whether they were going to vote, if so, whether they would vote for the Democratic Party or for the Republican Party, and whether in their opinion the Bush administration was attempting to use the situation with Iraq to help Republican candidates in the November election. They also described factors that would influence their voting decision. A number of questions examined voters' views about the economy. Those polled were asked what the state of the nation's economy was, who was responsible for it, and whether the government was doing enough to improve the economy. Respondents identified the biggest problems facing the nation, and gave their opinions on whether President Bush was spending too much or too little time on the war on terrorism, on the economy, and on other domestic issues. Additionally, respondents were asked which political party, Democrat or Republican, would better handle the nation's main problems, and how proud they were to be Americans. Background information on respondents includes gender, age, education, political party affiliation, political orientation, race, Hispanic origin, voter registration, labor union membership, and subjective size of community.
Curated
American National Election Study: 1995 Pilot Study (ICPSR 6636)
Released/updated on: 1999-08-20
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1995-08-03--1995-09-10
A number of pilot studies have been conducted by the National Election Studies (NES) for the purpose of developing new instrumentation. The 1995 Pilot Study is part of this effort, which also includes studies conducted in 1979, 1983, 1985, 1987, 1989, 1991, and 1993. As in earlier pilot studies (except for 1979), the 1995 study respondents were a subset of the previous year's traditional time-series respondents. The study is a one-wave reinterview of a randomly selected subset of respondents with telephones from the fresh cross-section portion of the AMERICAN NATIONAL ELECTION STUDY, 1994: POST-ELECTION SURVEY [ENHANCED WITH 1992 AND 1993 DATA] (ICPSR 6507). The 1995 Pilot Study was conducted between August 3 and September 10, 1995. The content of the study reflects the NES commitment to improve measures of candidate evaluation, the impact of the campaign, values and predispositions, the comparative study of elections, and other responses to a stimulus letter calling for ideas for content sent to the user community on November 4, 1994. Specific topic areas in the study include: (1) an experiment using different measures of affective reactions to political figures, (2) a module of items being concurrently tested in many other nations as part of a comparative study of politics, (3) a set of 12 items asking respondents to make tradeoffs among programs, taxes, and the budget deficit, (4) a set of items designed to measure attitudes toward the environment and environmental policy, (5) a new measure of "humanitarianism," and (6) an extensive set of items regarding attention to the media intended to capture exposure to the political campaigns. In order to include all of the content, and to test between competing instrumentation, there were two forms of the questionnaire. Rosters of items, such as the thermometer, were randomized in administration to minimize order effects.
Curated
ABC News/Washington Post Poll, March 1999 (ICPSR 2724)
Released/updated on: 1999-06-23
Geographic coverage: United States
This monthly poll, fielded March 11-14, 1999, is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Respondents were asked for their opinions of President Bill Clinton, Vice President Al Gore, their state's governor, the United States Congress, First Lady Hillary Clinton, Texas governor George W. Bush, former Red Cross president Elizabeth Dole, former New Jersey Senator Bill Bradley, former Vice President Dan Quayle, Arizona Senator John McCain, former Tennessee governor Lamar Alexander, multimillionaire publisher Steve Forbes, and conservative commentator Pat Buchanan. Respondents were asked to assess the importance of a political candidate's stance on a variety of issues as well as which party is best able to handle those issues. Topics included crime, the economy, foreign affairs, the middle class, moral values, Medicare, the environment, partisanship, and tolerance. Those queried were asked whether they believed the 1994 switch of congressional balance to the Republican party had been a good or a bad thing. Given possible 2000 presidential races between Democratic hopefuls Gore and Bradley and Republican hopefuls Bush and Dole, respondents were asked for whom they would vote. Those queried were also asked for whom they would vote in a Republican primary or caucus consisting of Bush, Dole, Quayle, Buchanan, Forbes, Alexander, McCain, Family Research Council president Gary Bauer, Ohio Congressman John Kasich, radio talk show host Alan Keyes, and New Hampshire Senator Bob Smith. They were also asked for whom they would vote in a Democratic primary or caucus consisting of Gore, Bradley, and Reverend Jesse Jackson. Respondents were asked whether the following characteristics made them more or less likely to vote for a candidate for president: the candidate is a woman, has used cocaine, has smoked marijuana, has never before held elected office, is an environmentalist, has cheated on a spouse, has lived and/or worked in Washington, DC, most of his/her life, has been accused of improper campaign fundraising, supports legalized abortion, was once a heavy drinker, and/or is supported by labor unions. A series of questions addressed the situation in Kosovo, including whether United States vital interests were at stake in the region, whether the United States should bomb Serbia if Serbia did not agree to a peace plan for Kosovo, and whether the United States and Europe should use ground forces to enforce a peace treaty. Additional topics covered the state of the nation's economy, possible uses for the federal budget surplus, respondent enthusiasm for a 2000 presidential race between Gore and Bush, and the 2000 congressional elections. Background information on respondents includes age, race, sex, education, religion, political party, political orientation, voter registration and participation history, and labor union membership.
Curated
Foreign Policy Leadership Project, 1976-1996 (ICPSR 2614)
Released/updated on: 1999-02-03
Geographic coverage: United States, Global
Time period: 1976-01-01--1996-12-31
The Foreign Policy Leadership Project (FPLP) has conducted extensive quadrennial mail surveys of elite civilian and military opinion since 1976. The cohort varies from year to year, and is drawn from organizations such as Who's Who, labor leadership, the Department of Defense, foreign service officers, the National War College, the press corps, politicians, and clergy leaders. Survey topics focus on United States foreign policy and foreign affairs. Specific issues vary from year to year, although a series of topics are repeated throughout the years. These topics include the importance of foreign policy goals such as containing communism, improving the global standard of living, defending United States allies, protecting United States interests abroad, strengthening the United Nations, combating world hunger, protecting the environment, controlling world population, and ending the illegal drug trade. Respondents are also asked to rate United States effectiveness in those areas. Additional recurring topics include the causes of war, approaches to world peace, threats to national security, and contemporary domestic issues. The theme of Part 1, 1976 Data, was the effect that the Vietnam War has had on United States foreign policy. Those queried were asked to assess America's role in world policy, such as providing economic aid to poorer nations and preventing the destruction of Israel. Given a list of foreign policy questions, respondents were asked to indicate their position and how it was shaped by the Vietnam experience. Questions covered the "domino theory", the Angolan civil war, and the use of United States military power. Those queried were asked to assess possible consequences of the Vietnam War, including policies toward the Third World, and damage to the United States economy. Respondents were also asked to rate the significance of factors that may have prevented the United States from achieving its goal in Vietnam, such as Watergate, the media, and the role of the Soviets and the Chinese. Those queried were asked to assess the role political events and policies such as the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, the Berlin Airlift, and the 1962 blockade of Cuba played as steps leading to United States involvement in Vietnam. Part 2, 1980 Data, introduced the 1979 Iran hostage crisis and the situation in Afghanistan. Respondents' views were sought on implications of the Afghanistan situation for United States farmers, the 1980 Moscow Olympic Games, foreign military bases, and Soviet foreign policy. Respondents' opinions were sought on current issues in United States foreign relations, such as the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT), human rights, the United States defense budget, the policy of detente, and policy in the Middle East. Those queried were asked to examine the lessons learned from the Iran hostage crisis, including the role of patience in foreign policy, the overthrow of the shah's regime, and dependence on oil from the Middle East. Part 3, 1984 Data, addressed political undertakings in Lebanon, El Salvador, Grenada, and Nicaragua. Respondents were asked about the implications of events related to the Middle East, including the 1983 truck bombing of United States Marines in Beruit, oil embargoes, and Soviet intentions in the region. Those queried were also asked for their opinions on current issues in American foreign relations, including Soviet-United States arms control negotiations and the defense of Western Europe, including the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Warsaw Treaty. Views were also sought on recent United States foreign policies, such as opposition to a "nuclear freeze", failure to impose economic sanctions on South Africa for its policy of apartheid, and support of Great Britain after the Argentinian invasion of the Falkland Islands. Part 4, 1988 Data, covered the topics of escorting Kuwait's oil tankers into the Persian Gulf, United States support of the Aquino government in the Philippines, aiding "contra" rebels in Nicaragua, and supporting rebels fighting the government in Afghanistan. Respondents were also asked about the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) and the 1987 Intermediate Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty. Their views were sought on cooperative efforts among nations to end terrorism, famine, the drug trade, and Third World debts. Those queried were asked what influenced their orientations toward foreign affairs, and the reliability of such information. Their views were sought on recent United States foreign policies, including the sale of arms to Iran and Saudi Arabia, the 1986 bombing of Libya, and refusal to invoke the War Powers Act. Other topics included the negative trade balance and Soviet foreign policy goals. Part 5, 1992 Data, focused on the effects of the Persian Gulf War and the collapse of the Soviet Union on United States foreign policy. Respondents were asked for their opinions on the political, economic, and social implications of the end of the Cold War for the United States and its foreign policies. Those queried were asked to evaluate possible reasons for the changes in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, including the influence of western media, the failure of communism to provide a satisfactory standard of living, the United States military build-up, and the election of a Polish Pope in 1978. Their views were sought on recent United States foreign policies, including the removal of President Manuel Noriega from power in Panama, the withholding of diplomatic recognition from Croatia and Slovenia, the preservation of NATO, promoting a peace conference to bring Israel and its Arab neighbors to the negotiating table, and creating a trade-free zone with Canada. Part 6, 1996 Data, covered the November 1995 decision by President Bill Clinton to send American troops to Bosnia, and whether vital American interests were at stake. Respondents were asked for their opinions on the possible use of American military forces abroad under a variety of situations. Such scenarios included a Russian invasion of Western Europe, an Iraqi invasion of Saudi Arabia, a Cuban attempt to overthrow Fidel Castro, a North Korean invasion of South Korea, and a civil war in Mexico. Those queried were asked for their opinions on the United States role in the leadership of UN and NATO troops, the values that the United States government should promote, which world problems the United States should contribute to monetarily, and the role of the government in promoting the interests of the disadvantaged. Respondents' views were also sought on recent United States foreign policies, including providing humanitarian aid to Somalia, granting "most favored nation" trade status to China, sending peacekeeping forces to Haiti, supporting NATO expansion, and establishing diplomatic relations with Vietnam. For all parts, background information on respondents includes sex, education, occupation, frequency of world travel, military service record, political party, political orientation, and political involvement.
Curated
Euro-barometer 2: Problems Facing the European Community, October-November 1974 (ICPSR 6111)
Released/updated on: 1998-10-28
Geographic coverage: Netherlands, Great Britain, Belgium, Europe, Luxembourg, Ireland, Denmark, Italy, France, Germany, Global
Time period: 1974-10-01--1974-11-30
This round of Euro-Barometer surveys queried respondents on standard Euro- Barometer measures such as public awareness of and attitudes toward the Common Market and the European Community (EC), and also focused on problems facing the European Community. Respondents were asked to identify the most important and the second most important problems facing their country's government. In addition, they were asked to state how important or unimportant a list of problems were for the European Community: fighting rising prices, establishment of a common European currency, reduction of differences between developed and less developed regions of the Common Market, introduction of standardized educational qualifications, coordination of social policies regarding employment and job training, modernization of European agriculture, protecting consumers against fraud, and implementation of common policies for dealing with issues such as energy supplies, relations with the United States and the Soviet Union, developing scientific research, protecting nature and fighting pollution, and aid to underdeveloped countries. Other questions asked if these problems were best handled through the European Community or by each country individually. Respondents were also asked how well they thought newspapers, radio, and television covered European problems, if membership in the Common Market was a good or bad thing for their country, and which party they would be inclined to support if a general election were held the next day. The data include information on age, gender, nationality, age when finished full-time education, income, occupation (head of household), size of community, and region of residence.
Curated
Euro-barometer 37.0: Awareness and Importance of Maastricht and the Future of the European Community, March-April 1992 (ICPSR 9847)
Released/updated on: 1996-12-10
Geographic coverage: Europe, United Kingdom, Portugal, Global, Spain, Greece, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Ireland, Denmark, Italy, France, Germany
Time period: 1992-03-18--1992-04-15
This round of Euro-Barometer surveys investigated the level of public support for the European Community (EC) and assessed attitudes toward European integration. Respondents were asked how well informed they felt about the EC, how supportive they were of efforts being made to unify Western Europe, whether their country had benefited from being an EC member, and how interested they were personally in EC matters. Other queries focused on respondent reaction to the European flag, the feeling of being a citizen of Europe both now and in the future, opinions relating to the speed of European unification, impressions of the work of the European Commission, and how well a list of statements corresponded to the respondent's hopes for the future of the EC. Respondents also judged which areas of policy should be decided by national governments and which by a central EC structure, and expressed their reactions to the Common Agricultural Policy, their expectations for the Single European Market and whether it should contain a social dimension, and their attitudes about the role and importance of the European Parliament. A number of questions focused specifically on the meeting and treaty produced in the Dutch town of Maastricht in December 1991. Respondents were queried about their knowledge of the gathering and its possible effects on the EC, on their own countries, and on their personal lives. Opinions were also sought on the desirability and positive and negative effects of certain countries joining the EC, and what the rights of citizens of other member countries should be when residing in the respondent's nation. Attitudes toward immigrants from nonmember countries were elicited as well. A set of questions focused on environmental problems, ecological concerns, and the priority assigned to economic development when assessing these issues. Respondents were asked to identify factors that caused serious damage to the environment, and to comment on what could be done to lessen pollution. They were also asked about the role of public bodies in protecting and informing the public about environmental concerns, sources of information about these concerns, and their hopes for the upcoming United Nations Conference for the Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. As in previous Euro-Barometers, questions on political party preference were posed, including which party respondents felt closest to, how they voted in their country's last general election, and how they would vote if a general election were held tomorrow. Additional information was gathered on family income, number of people residing in the home, size of locality, home ownership, region of residence, occupation of the head of household, and the respondent's age, sex, occupation, education, religion, religiosity, subjective social class standing, socio-professional status, and left-right political self-placement.
Curated
Euro-Barometer 25: Holiday Travel and Environmental Problems, April 1986 (ICPSR 8616)
Released/updated on: 1996-12-10
Geographic coverage: Europe, Portugal, Global, Spain, Greece, Netherlands, Great Britain, Belgium, Luxembourg, Ireland, Denmark, Italy, France, Germany
Time period: 1984-01-01--1986-12-31
This study focuses on European vacation practices and on an assortment of environmental issues. Respondents were asked to assess the state of the environment both nationally and in the world at large, to judge the severity of current environmental problems, and to respond to suggestions regarding future changes in conservation practices and policies. Individuals who went away on holiday in 1985 were asked a series of questions regarding the types of areas visited, holiday accommodations, methods of transportation, and level of satisfaction with their holidays. As in previous studies in this series, respondents continued to be monitored on attitudes toward the European Economic Community, life satisfaction, and social goals. All respondents were asked questions on such subjects as the trustworthiness of other nationalities and important problems that are debated in the European Parliament. In addition, the respondent's political orientation, outlook for the future, and socioeconomic and demographic characteristics were probed.
Curated
Washington Post Poll, March 1990 (ICPSR 9456)
Released/updated on: 1992-02-17
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1990-03-22--1990-03-26
This survey centers on environmental issues. Respondents were asked to name the two most important problems facing this country and to rank the priority of solutions for a variety of problems facing the United States. They were also asked if they approved of the way President Bush was handling the nation's economy, the illegal drug problem, foreign affairs, and the nation's environment. Additionally, respondents were asked if the environment had gotten better, worse, or had stayed the same in the past 20 years, which political party cared more about solving the country's environmental problems, if they were more concerned about worldwide environmental problems or local environmental problems, if they agreed with a series of statements regarding environmental issues, and if they had done anything to improve the environment. Other questions asked if respondents would reduce their driving, give up air conditioning, and stop using aerosol spray products, disposable products, power lawn mowers, and outdoor barbecues in order to help environment, if they thought it was necessary to raise taxes to clean up the environment, if they approved of having stronger controls on pollution from automobile exhaust even if it meant higher auto prices, if they favored or opposed building more nuclear power plants, and if they had heard anything about Earth Day and planned to take part in any Earth Day events. Background information on respondents includes political alignment, 1988 presidential vote choice, education, age, religion, social class, marital status, household composition, labor union membership, employment status, sex, income, race, and state/region residence.
Curated
World Issues Survey, 1979 (ICPSR 7822)
Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Geographic coverage: United States, Global
Time period: 1979-01-01--1979-12-31
This telephone survey of 1,200 Americans was conducted in November and December of 1979. Data were gathered on respondents' perceptions of world issues, e.g., world hunger, global distribution of resources (including energy), foreign aid, emerging global priorities, social welfare versus military spending, and perceptions of the impact of these issues on the respondents and their families. Additional data include sources of information on the state of world hunger, such as various types of media, other people, and churches/organizations, as well as where respondents had donated money in the past two years, e.g., UNICEF, American Cancer Society, overseas relief work, and special disaster funds. Demographic data include age, education, family status, race and ethnicity, religion, income, and travel experience.
Curated
ABC News/Washington Post Poll of Public Opinion on Current Social and Political Issues, April 1983 (ICPSR 8174)
Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1983-04-01--1983-04-30
This poll is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. In this poll, respondents were asked about President Ronald Reagan's attitudes and actions concerning military spending and expansion. They were also asked about the state of Social Security, the economy, and environmental legislation. Demographic information on respondents includes age, sex, race, religion, educational and employment levels, and marital status.