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Showing 1 – 50 of 114 results.
Curated

ABC News Reagan Tax Reform Speech Poll, May 1985 (ICPSR 8567)

Released/updated on: 2006-12-13
Geographic coverage: United States
Federal income tax reform is the central topic of this survey. Respondents were asked for their opinions on the following: the amount of tax they pay, difficulties in filling out the tax forms, the importance of simplifying the tax system and/or making it fairer, President Reagan's proposal to simplify the system, and the impact of the reform proposal on the amount of tax the respondent would expect to pay. Demographic characteristics also are included.
Curated

After the JD 2: A Longitudinal Study of Careers in Transition, 2007-2008, United States (ICPSR 33584)

Released/updated on: 2012-08-14
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2007-01-01--2008-01-01
The After the JD (AJD) project is a longitudinal study that is designed to track the careers of a nationally representative cohort of lawyers admitted to the bar in the year 2000. The first wave of the After the JD Study (AJD1) [ICPSR 26302] provided a snapshot of the personal lives and careers of this cohort about three years after they began practicing law. The second wave of the After the JD project (AJD2) seeks to illuminate the progression of lawyers' careers through roughly seven years in practice. The seventh year marks a crucial period in the careers of young lawyers. At the same time that they are facing important career decisions, these young lawyers are experiencing significant personal decisions about marriage and having children. AJD2 sought to locate and survey the entire original sample that was constructed in AJD1, even if a sample member had not been located or surveyed in AJD1. Only those individuals found to be ineligible for the study because they did not meet the required time period for obtaining their law degree and passing the bar were excluded. AJD2 obtained completed surveys of 3,705 eligible respondents, which includes 70.4 percent of the respondents to AJD1 (a group referred to as AJD1 Respondents) and 26.9 percent of those who were not surveyed in wave 1 (a group referred to as AJD1 Nonrespondents). The AJD2 data collection effort was launched in 2007 and completed in early 2008, with an overall response rate of 50.6 percent of eligible participants. As the legal profession has become more diverse in terms of entrants, it is critical to understand how women, men and women of color, individuals from less advantaged economic backgrounds, and other traditionally disadvantaged groups build careers. To examine the experiences of these groups at distinctive stages of their professional lives and to compare their career experiences to those of their peers, investigators were able to collect information about whether respondents' experiences were different from the outset or whether career trajectories diverge over time, what career strategies appear most successful for young lawyers, and whether these strategies vary by gender, race, and class; by legal market; by the selectivity of the law school from which lawyers graduate; or other dimensions. The AJD2 dataset allows for the analysis of a broad range of questions about the careers of lawyers and the social organization of the American legal profession. For example, some of the topics the study examines are: (1) demographic characteristics; (2) job mobility; (3) career satisfaction; (4) convergence/divergence in the career patterns of women and minorities; (5) indications of continuing inequality by gender; (6) family formation and the effects on professional careers; (7) career trajectories. AJD2 aims to provide a solid basis for future efforts to understand the changing character of legal careers. The final phase of the AJD2 data collection ended before the onslaught of the global financial crisis in the fall of 2008. Consequently, the data do not account for the profound effects of these turbulent events. The third wave of the study (AJD3) anticipates investigating these issues and many other similarly important transitions.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs

After the JD - Wave 1: A Longitudinal Study of Legal Careers in Transition Data Collection: May 2002-May 2003, United States (ICPSR 26302)

Released/updated on: 2013-08-13
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2002-05-01--2003-05-01
The After the JD project is designed to be a longitudinal study, seeking to follow a sample of approximately 10 percent of all the individuals who became lawyers in the year of 2000. This study aims to track the professional lives of more than 5,000 lawyers during their first 10 years after law school. Wave 1 of the After the JD study was launched in May 2002. The sample includes new lawyers from 18 legal markets -- ranging from the 4 largest markets (New York City, District of Columbia, Chicago, and Los Angeles) to 14 other areas consisting of small metropolitan areas to entire states. Some of the topics that the study seeks to examine are: (1) Demographic characteristics; (2) financing of legal education; (3) law school and the transition to practice; (4) practice settings within which lawyers work; (5) distribution of income across the profession; (6) dimensions of satisfaction; (7) mobility and turnover. Respondents were asked to give information concerning their employment status, job responsibilities, professional skills, job support, job satisfaction, and job discrimination. Information was sought about respondents' workplace characteristics, employment details, areas of practice, clientele, billing hours, job history, judicial clerkships, bar admission, alternate career considerations, and job offers. Opinions were collected about what respondents thought the most important factors were in obtaining a job offer and their first job, in determining which sector to begin their professional career, and in choosing an employer. Further questions asked about political participation and participation in social and community organizations. A number of questions were asked about respondents' undergraduate education, their transition to law school and decision to attend law school, their law school education and activities, their educational financing and debt, and their transition to their legal career. Demographic variables include sex, race, age, marital status, household makeup, personal income, household income, spouses' occupation, political party affiliation, parent's nationality, parent's education, parent's occupation when the respondent was in high school, and whether anyone in the respondent's family was a lawyer.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs

After the JD, Wave 3: A Longitudinal Study of Careers in Transition, 2012-2013, United States (ICPSR 35480)

Released/updated on: 2014-11-25
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2012-05-01--2013-01-01
The After the JD (AJD) project is a longitudinal study that was designed to track the careers of a nationally representative cohort of lawyers admitted to the bar in the year 2000. This collection is the third wave of the After the JD Project. The first wave of the After the JD project (AJD1) [ICPSR 26302] provided a snapshot of the personal lives and careers of this cohort about three years after they began practicing law. The second wave of the After the JD project (AJD2) [ICPSR 33584] sought to illuminate the progression of lawyers' careers through roughly seven years in practice. The third wave (AJD3) continued to shed light on lawyers' 12-year professional and personal pathways. After 12 years, the AJD lawyers had a decade of work experience behind them, and the contours of their careers were more clearly shaped. Throughout their professional careers, these lawyers had experienced important transitions (such as promotion to partnership, marriage, and job changes), which were only in process by Wave 2. AJD3 marked a significant milestone, essential to assess the personal and career trajectories of this cohort of lawyers. AJD3 sought to locate and survey only individuals who had previously responded to either AJD1 or AJD2. Sample members who never responded to any survey wave were not located in AJD3. The AJD3 data collection started in May 2012 and was completed in early 2013. The dataset allowed for the analysis of a broad range of questions about the careers of lawyers and the social organization of the American legal profession. Topics covered include current professional employment, impact of economic downturn, type of work, clients, mentors, employment history, social, political, and community participation, and background and family information. Demographics include ethnicity, employment status, sexuality, marital status, age, and gender.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs

Aggregate Data, Regions of Russia (RoR), 1990-2010 (ICPSR 35355)

Released/updated on: 2014-10-14
Geographic coverage: Global, Russia
Time period: 1990-01-01--2010-01-01
The "Aggregate Data, Regions of Russia (RoR), 1990-2010" study is a collection of aggregate statistical data for the Russian regions, made available in English. It includes a large range of variables that characterize a wide scope of economic and social factors for the period from 1990 to 2010. This collection comprises data from 82 regions of Russia on topics including trade, production, demography, labor, investment, climate, crime, education, health care, culture, banks, insurance, services, communication, and many industries.
Curated

The Analysis of Budget Consolidations: Concepts, Research Designs and Measurement (ICPSR 22780)

Released/updated on: 2008-06-25
Geographic coverage: United States, Japan, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Portugal, Iceland, Global, Spain, New Zealand, Greece, Canada, Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, Belgium, Norway, Luxembourg, Ireland, Finland, Denmark, Italy, Australia, France, Germany
Fiscal adjustments have been examined from different perspectives in the literature. However, the conceptual approaches to the analysis of budget consolidations vary substantially. Therefore different approaches to the analysis of fiscal adjustments are discussed in a first step. It is shown that the choices regarding the underlying concepts lead to specific research designs and influence the appropriate empirical method. In a second step, the determinants of budget consolidations are examined empirically in four different research designs for 23 industrialized countries in the 1990s. The analysis shows that the results vary depending on the method applied. However, economic variables seem to play the most important role in explaining the consolidation performance.
Curated

Annual Data on Nine Economic and Military Characteristics of 78 Nations (SIRE NATDAT), 1948-1983 (ICPSR 9273)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-17
Geographic coverage: Global
Time period: 1948-01-01--1983-01-01
This data collection contains annual figures on several macroeconomic and military indicators for 78 countries independent since 1948. For each year from 1948 through 1983 data were obtained for each country on these key characteristics: total exports, total imports, government revenues, government expenditures, capital formation, defense expenditures, gross national product, population, and total military personnel. These variables permit an analysis of the relations among European nations as well as relations between European nations and other nations of the world. The United States Consumer Price Index (in 1975 U.S. dollars) and the exchange rate (value of one U.S. dollar in the national currency at current prices) are supplied as well.
Curated

Annual Time Series Statistics for the United States, 1929-1968 (ICPSR 27)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1929-01-01--1968-01-01
This study is a 40-year time series of social, economic, and political indicators at the national level for the United States in the period 1929-1968. The variables include data on expenditures from the federal budget by various departments, agencies, and commissions, the number of employees in the various United States departments, measures of the political characteristics of the United States Congress, such as the number of Repuplicans, Democrats, and "other" party members in the United States Senate and in the House of Representatives, business and consumer expenditures, and attributes of the population. Data are also provided on the number per 1,000 of immigrants to the United States, membership of all the religious bodies in the United States, labor union membership, total households in the United States, total civilian labor force, and the number of the unemployed. Demographic variables provide information on education, births, and death rates. The unit of analysis is the year. Variables 2-281 cover the period from 1929-1968 and Variables 282-408 cover only the period from 1947-1968.
Curated

Argentina Domestic Violence and Economic Data, 1955-1972 (ICPSR 5213)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18
Geographic coverage: South America, Argentina, Global
Time period: 1955-01-01--1972-01-01
This study contains two data files providing measures of protest violence and economic indicators for Argentina in the period 1955-1972. Part 1, Monthly Protest Data, contains variables on the number of strikes in different parts of Argentina and in the country as a whole, type of strike, strike participants such as unions, workers' organizations, the middle class, and national union organizations, demonstrations by students, Peronists, the Radical party, leftists, centrists, rightists, blue and white collar workers, and other actors, guerilla actions by the People's Revolutionary Army, the Peronista organizations, and other organizations, and the duration, nature of violence, and total dead or seriously wounded in the protest events. Part 2, Economic Data, consists of economic indicators, such as government revenues and expenditures, wages and salaries, cost of wholesale Argentine products and imported products, inflation rates, exchange rates, balance of payments, and cost of living.
Curated

Arts Vibrancy Index, United States, 2015-present (ICPSR 37335)

Released/updated on: 2019-06-03
Geographic coverage: United States

Available through DataArts, the Arts Vibrancy Index (AVI) contains data and findings of the role that arts and culture play in a city's livability and social cohesion. The National Center for Arts Research (NCAR) studies such connections between arts and cultural organizations and their communities. They combine data from nonprofit arts and cultural organizations with data for the communities in which they reside. In linking the data courses, NCAR identifies factors that affect the health and sustainability of arts organizations. NCAR realizes that each of the factors from the ecosystem included in the Arts Vibrancy Index report has an influence on a variety of financial, operating, and attendance outcomes for arts and cultural organizations. The findings are shared regarding the operating and community characteristics that drive performance - and how they affect performance - in the NCAR reports.

The data that NCAR integrates for AVI report typically come from numerous sources. Organizational data that forms the basis of the Arts Dollar measures are from the Internal Revenue Service, DataArts' Cultural Data Profile, and Theatre Communications Group. Community data that forms the basis of the Arts Provider measures are from the Internal Revenue Service and the Census Bureau, which is reported by county, zip code, and census tract. State funding data is from the National Assembly of State Arts Agencies and Federal funding data is from the National Endowment for the Arts and the Institute of Museum and Library Services.

The AVI reports are used by arts leaders, businesses, government agencies, funders, and engaged citizens to better understand the overall intensity and capacity of the community's arts and culture sector. Communities use the AVI and related data to benchmark themselves against an aspirational set of communities and understand what sets them apart by examining the underlying dimensions of demand, supply, and public support for arts and culture.

Curated

Asian State National Attributes, 1956-1968 (ICPSR 5018)

Released/updated on: 2009-11-06
Geographic coverage: Afghanistan, Cambodia, United States, Sri Lanka, Japan, Philippines, China (Peoples Republic), Malaysia, Burma, Thailand, Global, India, New Zealand, South Korea, Great Britain, Pakistan, Asia, Taiwan, Australia, France, Laos, Soviet Union, Indonesia, Vietnam (Socialist Republic)
Time period: 1956-01-01--1968-01-01
This data collection provides information on the national attributes of 17 Asian nations in the period 1956-1968. Data are provided for economic, political, and physical attributes of the various nations. Information is provided on the gross national product (GNP), cost of living index, index of agricultural production, military expenditures, population size, size and orientation of the Communist Party, size of the armed forces, political strikes, riots, anti-government demonstrations, organized armed attacks, armed attacks with external involvement, on-going insurgency supported by the Soviet Union, assassination of officials, political turmoil and strikes, riots, irregular power transfers, government censorship, economic aid from intergovernmental organizations, and United Nations vote on acceptance of Communist China.
Curated

Balance of Payments Statistics (ICPSR 8623)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Geographic coverage: South America, Papua New Guinea, Cambodia, Paraguay, Kazakhstan, Syria, Solomon Islands, Bahamas, Gibralter, Montserrat, Mali, Marshall Islands, Panama, Guadeloupe, Laos, Argentina, Falkland Islands, Africa, Seychelles, Zambia, Belize, Bahrain, Guinea-Bissau, Namibia, Finland, Comoros, Faroe Islands, Netherlands Antilles, Yemen, Eritrea, China (Peoples Republic), Madagascar, Aruba, Ivory Coast, Libya, Sweden, Malawi, Poland, Jordan, Bulgaria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, Tuvalu, Kenya, French Polynesia, Lebanon, Djibouti, Brunei, Azerbaijan, Cuba, Czech Republic, Mauritania, Saint Lucia, Israel, San Marino, Australia, Soviet Union, Tajikistan, Myanmar, Cameroon, Cyprus, Bermuda Islands, Malaysia, North America, Iceland, Global, Oman, Armenia, Gabon, Yugoslavia, Luxembourg, Brazil, Algeria, Slovenia, Antigua and Barbuda, Ecuador, Colombia, Moldova, Vanuatu, Italy, Honduras, Micronesia (Federated States), Nauru, Haiti, Afghanistan, Burundi, Singapore, French Guiana, Korea (North), American Samoa, Russia, Netherlands, Martinique, Kyrgyzstan, Reunion, Bhutan, Romania, Togo, Philippines, Uzbekistan, Asia, British Virgin Islands, Zimbabwe, Pacific Ocean, Indonesia, Dominica, Benin, Angola, Sudan, East Timor, Portugal, New Caledonia, Grenada, Greece, Cayman Islands, Mongolia, Latvia, Morocco, Iran, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Guatemala, Guyana, Iraq, Chile, Nepal, Georgia (Republic), Ukraine, Tanzania, Ghana, Anguilla, India, Canada, Maldives, Turkey, Belgium, South Africa, Trinidad and Tobago, Central African Republic, Jamaica, Peru, Turkmenistan, Germany, Vietnam (Socialist Republic), Fiji, Hong Kong, United States, Guinea, Chad, Somalia, Thailand, Equatorial Guinea, Kiribati, Costa Rica, Pitcairn Island, Kuwait, Nigeria, Croatia, Sao Tome And Principe, Uruguay, Sri Lanka, Cook Islands, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Samoa, Spain, Palestine, Liberia, Venezuela, Burkina Faso, Congo (Democratic Republic), Swaziland, Palau, Estonia, Gaza Strip, Wallis and Futuna, Austria, Mozambique, Korea (South), El Salvador, Guam, Lesotho, Tonga, Hungary, Japan, Europe, Belarus, Mauritius, Albania, New Zealand, Senegal, Macedonia, Ethiopia, Egypt, Sierra Leone, Bolivia, Malta, Wake Island, Saudi Arabia, Cape Verde, Pakistan, Gambia, Ireland, Qatar, Slovakia, France, Lithuania, Saint Kitts-Nevis, Niger, Rwanda, Bangladesh, Nicaragua, Barbados, Norway, Botswana, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Macao, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Uganda, Suriname, Saint Helena, Greenland
Time period: 1965-01-01--1998-01-01
These time series data provide information on the balance of payments among countries and geographical areas of the world. Detailed tabulations included in this collection describe (1) transactions in goods, services, and income between an economy and the rest of the world, (2) changes of ownership and other changes in that country's monetary gold, special drawing rights (SDRs), and claims and liabilities to the rest of the world, and (3) unrequited transfers and counterpart entries that are needed to balance, in the accounting sense, any entries for previous transactions and changes that are not mutually offsetting. Aggregated and detailed presentations show data for items such as investments, short- and long-term capital, reserves, and changes in reserves.
Curated

Black Africa Handbook (ICPSR 5019)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Geographic coverage: Benin, Burundi, Cameroon, Guinea, Sudan, Chad, Somalia, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Global, Gabon, Malawi, Mali, Gambia, Nigeria, Lesotho, Togo, Niger, Africa, Tanzania, Rwanda, Zambia, Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Burkina Faso, Mauritania, Senegal, Democratic Republic of Congo, Botswana, Uganda, Central African Republic, Ethiopia
This study contains data on the political, social, economic, religious, ecological, and demographic characteristics of 32 Black African nations in the late 1950s and 1960s. Data are provided on political regime characteristics, such as the existence and nature of political parties, elections, the nature of the judicial system, the extent of government influence, and the occurrence of riots, civil violence, terrorist activities, civil wars, irredentist movements, and coup d'etats. Economic variables provide information on government revenues, government expenditures, gross domestic capital formation, public investment as a percentage of the gross domestic product (GDP), gross national product (GNP), defense budgets, energy, investment, labor, number of wage earners as a percentage of active population, industrial production, electricity production, per capita energy consumption, educational expenditures, economic welfare, consumer price index, international economic aid, total international trade, imports and exports, agriculture, and membership in major African multilateral economic organizations. Also included is information on the military and security systems, Africanization of the army officer corps, international relations, membership in nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), communication and transportation, and social welfare. Other variables provide information on population estimates and characteristics, population density, settlement patterns, cultural pluralism, language, religion, primary and secondary school enrollment, family organization, patrilineal kin groups, class stratification, and the number of physicians per population.
Curated

British Economic Imperialism, 1869-1914 (ICPSR 7738)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Geographic coverage: Great Britain, Europe, Global
Time period: 1869-01-01--1914-01-01
These data are a time series of 46 cases, one for each year from 1869 to 1914, consisting of 134 variables that record information on various aspects of the British economy. Variables include raw values, nine-year moving averages, deviations from the average, and deviations from the linear trend for such quantities as British investment abroad, British gross domestic fixed capital, British exports and imports to the British Empire and to other parts of the world, and the number of British alliances. Data were collected from the most recent available studies in economic history, econometrics, and political science. In every instance, the source considered the most authoritative by the relevant discipline was used to collect the data.
Curated

Burdens of National Defense, 1961-1968 (ICPSR 7388)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18
Geographic coverage: Canada, United States, United Kingdom, France
Time period: 1938-01-01--1968-01-01
This study includes state-level information on expenditures of the United States Department of Defense and National Aeronautics and Space Administration for the years 1961-1962 and 1967-1968 (Part 1), and U.S. Senate roll-call votes on defense-related issues during the 87th and 90th Congresses (Part 2). The study also contains time-series data representing a breakdown of the gross national product (GNP) by component categories for Canada in the years 1947-1964 (Part 3), for France in 1950-1965 (Part 4), for the United Kingdom in 1947-1965 (Part 5), and for the United States in 1938-1967 (Part 6).
Curated

Bureau of Health Professions Area Resource File, 1940-1990: [United States] (ICPSR 9075)

Released/updated on: 1994-05-20
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1940-01-01--1990-01-01
The Bureau of Health Professions Area Resource File is a county-based data file summarizing secondary data from a wide variety of sources into a single file to facilitate health analysis. The file contains over 6,000 data elements for all counties in the United States with the exception of Alaska, for which there is a state total, and certain independent cities that have been combined into their appropriate counties. The data elements include: (1) County descriptor codes (name, FIPS, HSA, PSRO, SMSA, SEA, BEA, city size, P/MSA, Census Contiguous County, shortage area designation, etc.), (2) Health professions data (number of professionals registered as M.D., D.O., DDS, R.N., L.P.N., veterinarian, pharmacist, optometrist, podiatrist, and dental hygienist), (3) Health facility data (hospital size, type, utilization, staffing and services, and nursing home data), (4) Population data (size, composition, employment, housing, morbidity, natality, mortality by cause, by sex and race, and by age, and crime data), (5) Health Professions Training data (training programs, enrollments, and graduates by type), (6) Expenditure data (hospital expenditures, Medicare enrollments and reimbursements, and Medicare prevailing charge data), (7) Economic data (total, per capita, and median income, income distribution, and AFDC recipients), and (8) Environment data (land area, large animal population, elevation, latitude and longitude of population centroid, water hardness index, and climate data).
Curated

Bureau of Labor Statistics (ICPSR 111)

Released/updated on: 2006-03-08
Geographic coverage: United States
This is the Web site for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the principal agency for the federal government in the field of labor economics and statistics. It collects, processes, analyzes, and disseminates data to the public, the United States Congress, the Department of Labor, other federal agencies, state and local governments, business, and labor. The Web site provides links to various mechanisms for exploring and downloading BLS data that cover such subjects as (1) inflation and consumer spending, (2) wages, earnings, and benefits, (3) productivity, (4) safety and health, (5) international statistics, (6) occupations, (7) demographics, (8) employment and unemployment, (9) industries, and (10) business costs.
Curated

Business Failures by Industry in the United States, 1895 to 1940: A Statistical History (ICPSR 34016)

Released/updated on: 2012-07-05
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1895-01-01--1940-01-01
Dun's Review began publishing monthly data on business failures by branch of business during the 1890s. At that time, a business failure was defined as a concern which was involved in a court proceeding or voluntary action which was likely to end in loss to creditors. Liabilities of failed businesses were defined "as all liabilities except long-term publicly-held obligations, chiefly bonds." Dun's published data on failures by branch of business from 1895 through 1935. This dataset reconstructs that series and links it to its successors. The successor series include data on business failures by division of industry, which Dun and Bradstreet's published from 1934 through 1940. This study includes six parts. Part One contains aggregate liabilities in dollars, broken down by branch, month, and year. Part Two contains aggregate numbers of business failures broken down by branch, month, and year. Part Three contains aggregate liability in dollars broken down by division, month, and year. Part Four contains aggregate numbers of business failures broken down by division, month, and year. Part Five contains aggregate liabilities broken down by sector, month, and year. Part Six contains aggregate numbers of business failures broken down by sector, month, and year. Part One and Part Two contain 36 variables and 562 cases. Part Three and Part Four contain 51 variables and 60 cases. Part Five and Part Six contain 6 variables and 562 cases.
Curated

Case Study of a Currency Crisis: The Russian Default of 1998 (ICPSR 1271)

Released/updated on: 2003-04-18
Geographic coverage: Global, Russia
This paper uses a currency crisis framework to analyze the currency devaluation and debt default of post-Soviet Russia in August 1998. The authors show that even though the Russian economy recorded positive growth immediately preceding the default, the atmosphere was reflective of an impending crisis. The authors then consider the symptoms of a currency crisis -- specifically public and private debt responsibilities, devaluation expectations, and contractionary monetary policy -- and show that they were present in Russia at that time. Three generations of currency crisis models are reviewed, followed by speculation that the Russian default was a product not only of fiscal deficits but also of a fragile financial system and contractionary monetary policy. The authors address the possibility that the usual prescription for a currency crisis, that is, increasing interest rates, may have accelerated the default and that a case-by-case prescription may afford a better solution than a blanket policy of increasing interest rates in the face of devaluation.
Curated

Census of Canada, 1971: Public Use Samples (ICPSR 7968)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12
Geographic coverage: New Brunswick, Northwest Territories, Manitoba, Prince Edward Island, Alberta, Quebec (province), British Columbia, Newfoundland, Saskatchewan, Global, Canada, Yukon Territory, Nova Scotia, Montreal, Ontario, Toronto
The Public Use Sample is a representative sample of individual records from the 1971 Census of Canada Master File. The primary sample size is one-in-one-hundred and the sample is self-weighting. Data from the long-form questionnaire, or one-third sample, were used to create these microdata files. To preserve confidentiality, respondents were selected from nine provinces and two Census Metropolitan Areas (CMA) with populations of 250,000 or more. The provinces are Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and British Columbia. The CMAs are Montreal and Toronto. There are six data files in this collection. For each of the two geographic categories, province and CMA, there are three data files organized by record type: Household, Family, and Individual. Parts 1 and 2, the Household Files, contain the age, sex, birthplace, marital status, educational attainment, income, occupation, and employment status of the household head, as well as the number of people living in the household. There is also information on the physical housing characteristics, such as number of rooms and bedrooms, type of cooking and heating fuel used, and rent and/or mortgage amounts. Parts 3 and 4, the Family Files, contain the age, race, language, migration status, religion, educational attainment, employment, income, and occupation of the household head and wife, and number and ages of children in school or not in school. Parts 5 and 6, the Individual Files, contain detailed information on the household residents including age, sex, birthplace, marital status, educational attainment, residential history, income, occupation, and employment status. These two files also contain some information on housing characteristics.
Curated

Census of Canada, 1976: Public Use Samples (ICPSR 7969)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18
Geographic coverage: New Brunswick, Vancouver, Manitoba, Alberta, Quebec (province), British Columbia, Newfoundland, Saskatchewan, Global, Canada, Nova Scotia, Montreal, Ontario, Toronto
This data collection is comprised of a one-in-one-hundred sample of persons who completed the long-form census questionnaire (the one-third sample) for the 1976 Census of Canada. To preserve confidentiality, records for this study were selected from geographic areas with populations of 250,000 or more, including Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, the Montreal census enumeration area, Quebec, the Toronto census enumeration area, Ontario (excluding Toronto), Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, the Vancouver census enumeration area, and British Columbia (excluding Vancouver). The data have been organized into three separate files by record type: Household, Family, and Individual. Part 1, Household File, contains information on the age, marital status, number, and primary language of household occupants. Part 2, Family File, contains information on age, educational level, languages spoken, children, and population size of place of residence of the husband and wife (or lone parent). Part 3, Individual File, contains detailed information about individual household residents including educational attainment, marital status, employment status, household relationship, language, and sex.
Curated

Changing Trends in the Labor Force: A Survey (ICPSR 21582)

Released/updated on: 2008-01-10
Geographic coverage: United States
The composition of the American workforce has changed dramatically over the past half century as a result of both the emergence of married women as a substantial component of the labor force and an increase in the number of minority workers. The aging of the population has contributed to this change as well. In this paper, the authors review the evidence of changing labor force participation rates, estimate the trends in labor force participation over the past 50 years, and find that aggregate participation has stabilized after a period of persistent increases. Moreover, they examine the disparate labor force participation experiences of different demographic groups. Finally, they survey some of the studies that have provided explanations for these differences.
Curated

Channels of Interstate Risk Sharing, United States, 1963-2000 (ICPSR 25541)

Released/updated on: 2018-06-18
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1963-01-01--2000-01-01

This study developed a framework for quantifying the amount of risk sharing among states in the United States, and constructed data that allowed researchers to decompose the cross-sectional variance in gross state product into levels of smoothing capital markets, federal government, and credit market smoothing.

The collection contains 67 Excel data files, that were grouped into 17 datasets based on the organizational ordering schematic provided by the principal investigator, including:

  • Dataset 1 - State Personal Income: n=1,938, 51 variables
  • Dataset 2 - Federal Taxes and Contributions: n=17,948, 424 variables
  • Dataset 3 - State Population: n=1,887, 51 variables
  • Dataset 4 - State and Local Personal Taxes: n=11,526, 306 variables
  • Dataset 5 - Interests on State and Local Funds: n=7,609, 205 variables
  • Dataset 6 - Transfers: n=5,814, 153 variables
  • Dataset 7 - Non Federal State Income: n=1,887, 51 variables
  • Dataset 8 - Federal Grants: n=1,938, 51 variables
  • Dataset 9 - Federal Transfers to Individuals: n=27,415, 766 variables
  • Dataset 10 - Federal Personal Taxes: n=1,938, 51 variables
  • Dataset 11 - State Government Expenditure: n=1,887, 51 variables
  • Dataset 12 - Disposable State Income: n=1,836, 51 variables
  • Dataset 13 - State Consumption: n=5,508, 153 variables
  • Dataset 14 - State and Local Transfers: n=1,836, 51 variables
  • Dataset 15 - Gross State Product: n=1,910, 52 variables
  • Dataset 16 - Retail Sales: n=3,774, 102 variables
  • Dataset 17 - Personal Consumption Expenditures: n=38, 2 variables
Curated

Comparative Foreign Policy Learning Package (ICPSR 5703)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Geographic coverage: Benin, Cambodia, Sudan, Paraguay, Portugal, Syria, Greece, Morocco, Iran, Mali, Panama, Guatemala, Iraq, Chile, Laos, Nepal, Argentina, Tanzania, Ghana, India, Canada, Belgium, Taiwan, Finland, South Africa, Trinidad and Tobago, Central African Republic, Jamaica, Peru, Germany, Yemen, Vietnam (Socialist Republic), United States, Guinea, China (Peoples Republic), Chad, Somalia, Madagascar, Ivory Coast, Thailand, Libya, Costa Rica, Sweden, Poland, Jordan, Nigeria, Bulgaria, Tunisia, Uruguay, Sri Lanka, United Kingdom, United Arab Emirates, Kenya, Switzerland, Spain, Lebanon, Liberia, Cuba, Venezuela, Czech Republic, Burkina Faso, Israel, Australia, Soviet Union, Myanmar, Cameroon, Cyprus, Malaysia, Iceland, Global, Niue, Gabon, South Korea, Austria, Yugoslavia, El Salvador, Luxembourg, Brazil, Algeria, Ecuador, Colombia, Hungary, Japan, Mauritius, Albania, New Zealand, Senegal, Italy, Honduras, Ethiopia, Haiti, Afghanistan, Burundi, Sierra Leone, Bolivia, Saudi Arabia, Netherlands, Pakistan, Ireland, Slovakia, France, Romania, Togo, Niger, Philippines, Rwanda, Nicaragua, Norway, Democratic Republic of Congo, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Uganda, Indonesia
This study contains data on national attributes and international interactions for 114 nations in the 1960s. Containing data originally collected by the International Relations Program at Syracuse University, this learning package was developed to provide an introduction to comparative foreign policy analyses and a discussion of how to employ rigorous techniques to develop ideas about the causes and consequences of foreign policy. Data are provided for economic, political, domestic, and international interaction indicators. Included for each nation is information on the gross national product (GNP), level of trade, military expenditures, type of political system, character of political regime, size of diplomatic missions, population size, sociocultural classifications, alliance bloc memberships, number of contiguous countries, voting agreements with the United States, the Soviet Union, and India, the degree of support for the United Nations, and the number of cooperative or conflictual acts sent to and received from the United States, the Soviet Union, the region, and outside the region.
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Conflict and Society (ICPSR 7452)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Geographic coverage: Global
Time period: 1850-01-01--1970-01-01
This data collection contains the principal indicators of independent variables developed by Ted Robert Gurr for use in testing models of the causes of civil violence. Information was gathered on 86 countries or polities worldwide and indices were constructed to meet the theoretical requirements of the investigators' research on instances of internal conflict as captured in CIVIL STRIFE EVENTS, 1955-1970 (ICPSR 7531). General categories of independent variables included in the present study are basic social properties, social processes, economic processes, social rigidities, coercive interventions, regime coercion, conflict traditions, regime characteristics, and dissident group characteristics. Aggregate measures of the dependent variables (internal conflicts) are provided in CIVIL STRIFE CONFLICT MAGNITUDES, 1955-1970 (ICPSR 7485).
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Cost of Living Index for the American States, 1960-2003 (ICPSR 1275)

Released/updated on: 2005-03-15
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1960-01-01--2003-01-01
The authors constructed a state cost of living index for the 48 continental United States, measured annually for the period 1960 through 2003 (to update an index for 1960-1995 introduced in the authors' May 2000 Journal of Politics article).
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Cost of Living in the United States, 1917-1919 (ICPSR 8299)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1917-01-01--1919-01-01
This collection contains data obtained from families of wage earners or salaried workers in industrial locales scattered throughout the United States. The purpose of the survey was to estimate the cost of living of a "typical" American family. The completed questionnaires contain information about income sources and family expenditures including specific quantities and costs of food, housing, clothing, fuel, furniture, and miscellaneous household items for the calendar year. Demographic characteristics recorded for each household member include relationship to head, age, sex, occupation, weeks spent in the household and employed, wage rate, and total earnings.
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Cost of Living of Industrial Workers in the United States and Europe, 1888-1890 (ICPSR 7711)

Released/updated on: 2006-12-07
Geographic coverage: Great Britain, Belgium, United States, Europe, France, Switzerland, Germany, Global
Time period: 1888-01-01--1890-01-01
These data were gathered in order to determine the cost of living as well as the cost of production in selected industries in the United States and several Western European countries. The study is comprised of nine industries (cotton and woolen textiles, glass, pig iron, bar iron, steel, bituminous coal, coke, and iron ore) and contains family-level information on the household composition, income and expenditures of workers in these industries. Additional topics covered include sources of income, ages and sex of children, detailed occupation of the household head, detailed expenditures for food as well as nonfood items, and characteristics of the family's dwelling units.
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Cross-National Indicators of Liberal Democracy, 1950-1990 (ICPSR 2532)

Released/updated on: 2001-01-05
Geographic coverage: Global
Time period: 1950-01-01--1990-01-01
This study, a collection of crossnational measures of political democracy, contains over 800 variables for most of the world's independent countries. Political, social, and economic measures are available in the data file, and topics include adult suffrage, civil liberties, political rights, the openness, fairness, and competitiveness of the electoral process, executive and legislative selection and effectiveness, political party legitimacy, political participation, limitations on the executive branch of the government, level of democratization, economic openness, constitutional development, government legitimacy, and the outlook for freedom. A series of variables focuses on freedom and barriers to freedom, including freedom of peaceful assembly and association, mail censorship, women's rights, freedom of information and technology, freedom of political opposition, and freedom of the press. Compulsory membership in state organizations and political parties and compulsory religion in schools are addressed as well.
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Demographic, Social, Educational and Economic Data for France, 1833-1925 (ICPSR 7529)

Released/updated on: 2010-04-27
Geographic coverage: France, Global
Time period: 1833-01-01--1925-01-01
Prepared by ICPSR under a project to automate major portions of the Statistique Generale de la France, this is a collection of demographic, social, education, economic, population, and vital statistics data for France, 1833-1925. This conversion project is a continuation of one conducted in 1972, for which a similar data collection was created, SOCIAL, DEMOGRAPHIC, AND EDUCATIONAL DATA FOR FRANCE, 1801-1897 (ICPSR 0048). The project to collect and prepare these data was sponsored by two French and two American groups: ICPSR and the Center for Western European Studies at the University of Michigan, and the Fourth and Sixth Sections of the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes and Conseil National de la Recherches Scientifique in France. Both collections include data recorded at the departement, arrondissement, chef-lieu, and ville level. In this collection, materials from the vital statistics series were prepared for selected years rather than for each year in the period from 1900-1925. The years that were chosen clustered around the quinquennial censuses and also included (because of the violent demographic dislocations produced by World War I) each year in the 1914-1919 period. In addition, some vital statistics for the nineteenth century (1836-1850, 1880, and 1892) obtained from fugitive published volumes that could not be located during the course of the 1972 project were prepared. The 136 datasets in this collection contain: (1) French population, economic, and social data obtained from the quenquennial censuses of 1901, 1906, 1911, and 1921, that detail the composition of the population by categories of age, sex, nativity, marital status, religion, place of residence, and occupation, (2) industrial census data for the years 1861-1896, (3) data on primary education in France for 1833, 1901, and 1906, as well as data on secondary and higher education in France for the years 1836-1850, 1880, and 1892, and (4) data from a separate series of annual vital statistics (Mouvement de la Population) that cover the years 1836-1850, 1892, and 1900-1925, citing births, deaths, and marriages in the nation.
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Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT): Part I - Current Population Survey, April 1971, Augmented With DOT Characteristics and Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT): Part II - Fourth Edition Dictionary of DOT Scores for 1970 Census Categories (ICPSR 7845)

Released/updated on: 2006-09-06
Geographic coverage: United States
This data collection contains two separate data files, both of which are the results of the systematic evaluation of job worth performed by the Committee on Occupational Classification and Analysis of the National Academy of Sciences. The Committee acquired a selection of variables from the April 1971 Current Population Survey (CPS) that were gathered from a sample of households which yielded 60,441 workers in the experienced civilian labor force. The CPS survey provided detailed information about the workers and their family backgrounds, education, and employment. Part 1 contains that data augmented with Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT) characteristics, e.g., job classification and description, for each worker in the survey. Part 2 of this data collection is a file created by the Committee containing aggregate DOT characteristics (based on the DOT, Fourth Edition) for the 574 expanded occupation categories of the 1970 United States Census. The motivation for aggregating DOT characteristics (which exist as scores for each of 12,099 occupations) into 1970 United States Census codes was to allow researchers to relate the characteristics of occupations from the DOT to the characteristics of the individuals in those occupations gathered from the Census and survey data. The file's data -- the aggregated scores for all the workers in each of the 574 occupational categories -- are based on a variety of criteria, e.g., Specific Vocational Preparation (SVP), aptitudes, interest factors, preferences, physical demands, environmental conditions, and General Educational Development (GED).
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Simple Crosstabs

Direction of Trade (ICPSR 7628)

Released/updated on: 2014-10-23
Geographic coverage: South America, Papua New Guinea, Cambodia, Paraguay, Kazakhstan, Syria, Solomon Islands, Bahamas, Gibralter, Montserrat, Mali, Marshall Islands, Panama, Guadeloupe, Laos, Argentina, Falkland Islands, Africa, Seychelles, Zambia, Belize, Bahrain, Guinea-Bissau, Namibia, Finland, Comoros, Faroe Islands, Netherlands Antilles, Yemen, Eritrea, China (Peoples Republic), Madagascar, Aruba, Ivory Coast, Libya, Western Samoa, Sweden, Malawi, Poland, Jordan, Bulgaria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, Tuvalu, Kenya, French Polynesia, Lebanon, Djibouti, Brunei, Azerbaijan, Cuba, Czech Republic, Mauritania, Saint Lucia, Israel, San Marino, Australia, Soviet Union, Tajikistan, Myanmar, Cameroon, Cyprus, Bermuda Islands, Malaysia, North America, Iceland, Global, Oman, Armenia, Gabon, Yugoslavia, Luxembourg, Brazil, Algeria, Slovenia, Antigua and Barbuda, Ecuador, Colombia, Moldova, Vanuatu, Italy, Honduras, Micronesia (Federated States), Nauru, Haiti, Afghanistan, Burundi, Singapore, French Guiana, American Samoa, Russia, Netherlands, Martinique, Kyrgyzstan, Reunion, Bhutan, Romania, Togo, Philippines, Uzbekistan, Asia, Democratic Republic of Congo, British Virgin Islands, Zimbabwe, Pacific Ocean, Indonesia, Dominica, Benin, Angola, Sudan, East Timor, Portugal, New Caledonia, North Korea, Grenada, Greece, Cayman Islands, Mongolia, Latvia, Morocco, Iran, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Guatemala, Guyana, Iraq, Chile, Nepal, Georgia (Republic), Ukraine, Tanzania, Ghana, Anguilla, India, Canada, Maldives, Turkey, Belgium, South Africa, Trinidad and Tobago, Central African Republic, Jamaica, Peru, Turkmenistan, Germany, Vietnam (Socialist Republic), Fiji, Hong Kong, United States, Guinea, Chad, Somalia, Sao Tome and Principe, Thailand, Equatorial Guinea, Kiribati, Costa Rica, Pitcairn Island, Kuwait, Nigeria, Croatia, Uruguay, Sri Lanka, Cook Islands, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Spain, Palestine, Liberia, Venezuela, Burkina Faso, Swaziland, Palau, Estonia, Gaza Strip, Wallis and Futuna, South Korea, Austria, Mozambique, El Salvador, Guam, Lesotho, Tonga, Hungary, Japan, Europe, Belarus, Mauritius, Albania, New Zealand, Senegal, Macedonia, Ethiopia, Egypt, Sierra Leone, Bolivia, Malta, Wake Island, Saudi Arabia, Cape Verde, Pakistan, Gambia, Ireland, Qatar, Slovakia, France, Lithuania, Saint Kitts-Nevis, Niger, Rwanda, Bangladesh, Nicaragua, Barbados, Norway, Botswana, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Macao, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Uganda, Suriname, Saint Helena, Greenland
Time period: 1948-01-01--1998-01-01
These time series data supply detailed information on imports and exports for various countries and geographical areas of the world. Countries are grouped into three main categories: (1) Industrial Countries, (2) Developing Countries, and (3) USSR, Eastern Europe, etc. Along with data from reporting countries, estimates are provided by partner countries for nonreporting countries or for those that are slow to report. A subset of these data (Part 4), containing annual data from 1948 to 1978, is available as well.
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Economic and Social Indicators for Eighteen Latin American Nations, 1960-1971 (ICPSR 5030)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Geographic coverage: Ecuador, Colombia, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia, Global, Costa Rica, Latin America, Venezuela, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Panama, Brazil, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Mexico, Honduras, Chile, Peru
Time period: 1960-01-01--1971-01-01
This data collection contains economic, social, and demographic information for 18 Latin American nations in the period 1960-1971. Data are provided for gross national product (GNP), gross investment, domestic revenues, tax revenues, expenditures, price index, electric power production, agricultural production, and membership in consumer, credit, and agricultural cooperatives. Data are also provided for population characteristics, such as total population, school enrollment, student-teacher ratio, persons-physician ratio, persons-nurse ratio, and persons-hospital bed ratio.
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Economic Development and State Policy Data for the United States, 1950-1964 (ICPSR 22)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Geographic coverage: United States
Economic, political, and social indicatorss for fifty states during the 1950s and 1960s from Thomas R. Dye, Florida State University, is collected in this study. The dataset contains variables that include data on population characteristics and levels of governmental expenditures and services, as well as various political indices and scales.
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Employment, Hours, and Earnings in States and Areas of the United States, 1940-1991 (ICPSR 9928)

Released/updated on: 1995-03-16
Geographic coverage: Puerto Rico, United States, Virgin Islands of the United States
Time period: 1940-01-01--1991-01-01
These data were generated from the Current Employment Statistics Survey, a joint federal-state undertaking that produces state, regional, and national statistics on employment, hours, and earnings in the United States. State agencies collect data each month from a sample of establishments involved in all nonagricultural activities, including government. Those industries that reflect significant economic activity in each of the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands are selected for publication. All employment, hours, and earnings series are classified according to the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes.
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Simple Crosstabs

Enhanced Services for the Hard-to-Employ Demonstration and Evaluation Project, Philadelphia, PA (ICPSR 33784)

Released/updated on: 2013-01-18
Geographic coverage: United States, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Time period: 2004-01-01--2010-01-01
The Enhanced Services for the Hard-to-Employ (HtE) Demonstration and Evaluation Project was a 10-year study (taken on by the MDRC) that evaluated innovative strategies aimed at improving employment and other outcomes for groups who face serious barriers to employment. The Enhanced Services for the Hard-to-Employ was the first comprehensive attempt to understand the diverse low-income population and to test interventions aimed at the most common barriers to this population's employment. The HtE demonstration was designed to evaluate a variety of innovative ways to boost employment, reduce welfare receipt, and promote well-being in low-income populations. This study tests two employment strategies. The first employment strategy, administered by the Transitional Work Corporation (TWC), was a paid transitional employment program that combined temporary, subsidized employment with work-related assistance. The second employment strategy, the Success Through Employment Preparation (STEP) program, focused on assessing and treating employment barriers before participants obtained a job. From 2004 to 2006, 1,942 recipients of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) who were not currently employed or participating in work activities were randomly assigned to one of the two program groups. Evaluation of the programs had three components: implementation and process analysis, impact analysis, and cost analysis. The implementation and process analysis examined how the programs operated, based primarily on site visits and interviews with program staff and administrators. The impact analysis measured the programs' effects on outcomes including employment, welfare use, and family functioning. The cost analysis compares the financial costs of the interventions. Outcomes for both groups were followed for at least three years, using public administrative records and surveys of study participants. In addition, follow-up surveys were conducted 15 and 36 months after random assignment in most sites. Information was collected on whether respondents participated in employment, vocational or education training activity. Respondents were asked whether they received help for things such as childcare, getting and/or keeping Medicaid and food stamps, paying for transportation, substance abuse treatment, addressing domestic violence, addressing legal issues, financial needs, or handling their household budget. Respondents were also asked if they received paid vacation time or sick days, where their income came from, and whether they earned any type of degree or certificate. Additional topics include health status, the length of time respondents received TANF funds, and employment history. Demographic information includes age, race, marital status, education, employment status, and home ownership status.
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Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) Consensus Forecasts (ICPSR 22683)

Released/updated on: 2008-06-10
Geographic coverage: United States
In November 2007, the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) announced a change in the way it communicates its view of the economic outlook: It increased the frequency of its forecasts from two to four times per year, and it increased the length of the forecasting horizon from two to three years. The FOMC does not release the individual members' forecasts or standard measures of consensus such as the mean or median. Rather, it continues to release the forecast information as a range of forecasts, both the full range between the high and the low and a central tendency that omits the extreme values. This paper uses individual forecaster data from the Survey of Professional Forecasters (SPF) to mimic the FOMC's method for creating their central tendency. The authors show that the midpoint of the central tendency of the SPF is a reliable measure of the consensus, suggesting that the FOMC reporting method is also a reliable measure of consensus. For the dates when both are available, the authors also compare the relative forecast accuracy of the FOMC and SPF consensus forecasts for output growth and inflation. Overall, the differences in forecast accuracy are too small to be statistically significant.
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Forecasting Inflation and Output: Comparing Data-Rich Models with Simple Rules (ICPSR 22684)

Released/updated on: 2008-06-10
Geographic coverage: United States
There has been a resurgence of interest in dynamic factor models for use by policy advisors. Dynamic factor methods can be used to incorporate a wide range of economic information when forecasting or measuring economic shocks. This article introduces dynamic factor models that underlie the data-rich methods and also tests whether the data-rich models can help a benchmark autoregressive model forecast alternative measures of inflation and real economic activity at horizons of 3, 12, and 24 months ahead. The authors find that, over the past decade, the data-rich models significantly improve the forecasts for a variety of real output and inflation indicators. For all the series that they examine, the authors find that the data-rich models become more useful when forecasting over longer horizons. The exception is the unemployment rate, where the principal components provide significant forecasting information at all horizons.
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Foreign Direct Investment, Productivity, and Country Growth: An Overview (ICPSR 25081)

Released/updated on: 2009-03-11
Geographic coverage: Hungary, United States, Japan, United Kingdom, Bermuda Islands, Switzerland, Spain, Canada, Netherlands, Sweden, Czech Republic, Norway, Luxembourg, Finland, Mexico, France, Germany, Estonia
The authors review the empirical literature that studies the relationship between foreign direct investment, productivity, and growth using aggregate data, and focus on two questions: (1) is there evidence of a positive relationship between foreign direct investment and national growth? and (2) does the output of the "multinational sectors" exhibit higher labor productivity? The authors also briefly discuss how the microeconomic evidence and a number of aggregation and composition problems might help explain the ambiguous results in this literature.
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Gambling Impact and Behavior Study, 1997-1999: [United States] (ICPSR 2778)

Released/updated on: 2007-08-28
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1997-01-01--1999-01-01
The Gambling Impact and Behavior Study investigates the gambling behavior and attitudes of adults and youth in America, and also estimates the effects of gambling facilities on a variety of local economic and social indicators. Respondents were randomly selected by a national random-digit dial (RDD) through a stratified design by state lottery status and distances to major casino. The study includes three independent, unlinkable data files. The adult and youth questionnaire (Parts 1 and 2) covered areas such as demographic information, geographic region, gambling behavior and attitudes, motivations for gambling, gambling history, a problem-gambling diagnostic assessment, gambling treatment experience, family/marital status and issues, income and financial information, criminal activity, mental and general health, and substance use. Areas of substance abuse examined were the use of alcohol, marijuana, hashish, cocaine, crack, methamphetamine, stimulants, tranquilizers, amphetamines, and speed. The Community Database (Part 3) included the following: geographic locators (latitude, longitude), availability of gaming facilities, gaming spending estimates, employment patterns by industry, unemployment, bankruptcy, personal income, private and public earnings, government expenditures, income maintenance/AFDC, and vital statistics.
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Gangs in Rural America, 1996-1998 (ICPSR 3398)

Released/updated on: 2002-07-30
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1996-01-01--1998-01-01
This study was undertaken to enable cross-community analysis of gang trends in all areas of the United States. It was also designed to provide a comparative analysis of social, economic, and demographic differences among non-metropolitan jurisdictions in which gangs were reported to have been persistent problems, those in which gangs had been more transitory, and those that reported no gang problems. Data were collected from four separate sources and then merged into a single dataset using the county Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) code as the attribute of common identification. The data sources included: (1) local police agency responses to three waves (1996, 1997, and 1998) of the National Youth Gang Survey (NYGS), (2) rural-urban classification and county-level measures of primary economic activity from the Economic Research Service (ERS) of the United States Department of Agriculture, (3) county-level economic and demographic data from the County and City Data Book, 1994, and from USA Counties, 1998, produced by the United States Department of Commerce, and (4) county-level data on access to interstate highways provided by Tom Ricketts and Randy Randolph of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Variables include the FIPS codes for state, county, county subdivision, and sub-county, population in the agency jurisdiction, type of jurisdiction, and whether the county was dependent on farming, mining, manufacturing, or government. Other variables categorizing counties include retirement destination, federal lands, commuting, persistent poverty, and transfer payments. The year gang problems began in that jurisdiction, number of youth groups, number of active gangs, number of active gang members, percent of gang members who migrated, and the number of gangs in 1996, 1997, and 1998 are also available. Rounding out the variables are unemployment rates, median household income, percent of persons in county below poverty level, percent of family households that were one-parent households, percent of housing units in the county that were vacant, had no telephone, or were renter-occupied, resident population of the county in 1990 and 1997, change in unemployment rates, land area of county, percent of persons in the county speaking Spanish at home, and whether an interstate highway intersected the county.
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Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM): Expert Questionnaire Data, 1999-2003 (ICPSR 21862)

Released/updated on: 2009-06-26
Geographic coverage: Singapore, Hong Kong, United States, China (Peoples Republic), Scotland, Thailand, Portugal, Iceland, Global, Greece, Netherlands, South Korea, Sweden, Ireland, Brazil, Slovenia, France, Chile, Croatia, Argentina, Hungary, Japan, United Kingdom, Northern Ireland, Switzerland, India, Spain, New Zealand, Canada, Venezuela, Belgium, Norway, Taiwan, Finland, Denmark, South Africa, Italy, Mexico, Uganda, Israel, Australia, Germany
Time period: 1999-01-01--2003-01-01
The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) was designed to capture various aspects of firm creation and entrepreneurship across countries. The data have been collected over a number of years (1998-2003) and include responses from 4,685 experts in over 38 countries and three subnational regions. This study seeks to measure the national attributes considered critical for new firm births and small firm growth. The dataset is a harmonized file capturing the results from all of the surveys. The expert, or key informant, questionnaire was improved and adjusted each year to increase the reliability of multi-item indices and provide for the addition of new dimensions. For each version of the questionnaire, respondents completed 70-80 standardized items that were the basis for 12-15 multi-item indices. Respondents were initially asked a series of general questions pertaining to starting a business, such as whether they were currently trying to start a new business, whether they knew anyone who had started a new business, and whether they thought it was a good time to do so. Respondents were also asked about the process of starting up a new business; whether they had done anything to start a new business in the past 12 months; whether they would own all, part, or none of the new business; how many people would be involved with the new business; what sort of business they were starting; and what they would sell. In addition, respondents identified the total start-up costs, the various sources of the start-up money, and why they were involved in the start-up. Respondents then answered a set of questions to assess the national conditions influencing entrepreneurial activity in their own country. In this respect, respondents provided their opinions on business and entrepreneurial education, the integration of new technology in businesses, the availability of financial support through government policies and programs, the availability of subcontractors, yearly changes in the economic market, and the physical infrastructure in their country. Views were also elicited from respondents about their national cultures in regard to entrepreneurial efforts and opportunities, attitudes towards entrepreneurs in general, women entrepreneurs and the resources available to them, and citizens' knowledge and experience with new businesses. They also gave their views on the Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) legislation and its enforcement in their respective countries. Respondents were then queried on the technological strengths of their country by ranking the top five sectors in which there has been development of the greatest number of technology-intensive start-up companies in the past ten years. Finally, respondents were asked the same general questions as those used in the GLOBAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP MONITOR (GEM): ADULT POPULATION SURVEY DATA SET, 1998-2003 (ICPSR 20320) in order to ascertain whether the opinions and behaviors of the current "expert" respondents differ from those of the general population. These questions included whether they were starting a new business, if there were opportunities for new businesses, funding sources for a new business, skills required to start a new business, shutting down a business, and whether a fear of failure was preventing the start of a new business. The dataset also contains variables that describe the respondent's gender, age, educational attainment, labor force status, the entrepreneurial areas in which they feel they have strong expertise, and the month and year the survey was conducted.
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Government Finance Statistics (ICPSR 8624)

Released/updated on: 2010-07-28
Geographic coverage: South America, Papua New Guinea, Cambodia, Paraguay, Kazakhstan, Syria, Solomon Islands, Bahamas, Gibralter, Montserrat, Mali, Marshall Islands, Panama, Guadeloupe, Laos, Argentina, Falkland Islands, Africa, Seychelles, Zambia, Belize, Bahrain, Guinea-Bissau, Namibia, Finland, Comoros, Faroe Islands, Netherlands Antilles, Yemen, Eritrea, China (Peoples Republic), Madagascar, Aruba, Ivory Coast, Libya, Western Samoa, Sweden, Malawi, Poland, Jordan, Bulgaria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, Tuvalu, Kenya, French Polynesia, Lebanon, Djibouti, Brunei, Azerbaijan, Cuba, Czech Republic, Mauritania, Saint Lucia, Israel, San Marino, Australia, Soviet Union, Tajikistan, Myanmar, Cameroon, Cyprus, Bermuda Islands, Malaysia, North America, Iceland, Global, Oman, Armenia, Gabon, Luxembourg, Brazil, Algeria, Slovenia, Antigua and Barbuda, Ecuador, Colombia, Moldova, Vanuatu, Italy, Honduras, Micronesia (Federated States), Nauru, Haiti, Afghanistan, Burundi, Singapore, French Guiana, American Samoa, Russia, Netherlands, Martinique, Kyrgyzstan, Reunion, Bhutan, Romania, Togo, Philippines, Uzbekistan, Asia, Democratic Republic of Congo, British Virgin Islands, Zimbabwe, Pacific Ocean, Indonesia, Dominica, Benin, Angola, Sudan, East Timor, Portugal, New Caledonia, North Korea, Grenada, Greece, Cayman Islands, Mongolia, Latvia, Morocco, Iran, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Guatemala, Guyana, Iraq, Chile, Nepal, Georgia (Republic), Ukraine, Tanzania, Ghana, Anguilla, India, Canada, Maldives, Turkey, Belgium, South Africa, Trinidad and Tobago, Central African Republic, Jamaica, Peru, Turkmenistan, Germany, Vietnam (Socialist Republic), Fiji, Hong Kong, United States, Guinea, Chad, Somalia, Sao Tome and Principe, Thailand, Equatorial Guinea, Kiribati, Costa Rica, Pitcairn Island, Kuwait, Nigeria, Croatia, Uruguay, Sri Lanka, Cook Islands, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Spain, Palestine, Liberia, Venezuela, Burkina Faso, Swaziland, Palau, Estonia, Gaza Strip, Wallis and Futuna, South Korea, Austria, Mozambique, El Salvador, Guam, Lesotho, Tonga, Hungary, Japan, Europe, Belarus, Mauritius, Albania, New Zealand, Senegal, Macedonia, Ethiopia, Egypt, Sierra Leone, Bolivia, Malta, Wake Island, Saudi Arabia, Cape Verde, Pakistan, Gambia, Ireland, Qatar, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, France, Lithuania, Saint Kitts-Nevis, Niger, Rwanda, Bangladesh, Nicaragua, Barbados, Norway, Botswana, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Macao, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Uganda, Suriname, Saint Helena, Greenland
Time period: 1971-01-01--1998-01-01
These time series present combined statistics on detailed revenues and expenditures for all levels of government. Topics covered include deficit/surplus or total financing, revenues or grants, expenditures, lending minus repayments, domestic financing, foreign financing, domestic debt or total debt, and foreign debt. Annual data are supplied for central government accounts and different levels of government in these categories: (1) central government budgetary accounts, (2) central government consolidated accounts, (3) central government extra budgetary accounts, (4) central government Social Security Funds, (5) state or province governments, (6) local governments, and (7) general governments.
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How Well Do Monetary Fundamentals Forecast Exchange Rates? (ICPSR 1268)

Released/updated on: 2003-06-05
Geographic coverage: United States
For many years after the seminal work of Meese and Rogoff (1983a), conventional wisdom held that exchange rates could not be forecast from monetary fundamentals. Monetary models of exchange rate determination were generally unable to beat even a naive no-change model in out-of-sample forecasting. More recently, the use of sophisticated econometric techniques, panel data, and long spans of data has convinced some researchers (Mark and Sul, 2001) that monetary models can forecast a small, but statistically significant part of the variation in exchange rates. Others remain skeptical, however (Rapach and Wohar, 2001b, Faust, Rogers, and Wright, 2001). It remains a puzzle why even the most supportive studies find such a small predictable component to exchange rates. This article reviews the literature on forecasting exchange rates with monetary fundamentals and speculates as to why it remains so difficult.
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Identifying Business Cycle Turning Points in Real Time (ICPSR 1284)

Released/updated on: 2003-06-25
Geographic coverage: United States
This paper evaluates the ability of a statistical regime-switching model to identify turning points in United States economic activity in real time. The authors work with a Markov-switching model fit to real Gross Domestic Product and employment data that, when estimated on the entire postwar sample, provides a chronology of business cycle peak and trough dates close to that produced by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). Next, they investigate how accurately and quickly the model would have identified NBER-dated turning points had it been used in real time for the past 40 years. In general, the model identifies turning point dates in real time that are close to the NBER dates. For both business cycle peaks and troughs, the model provides systematic improvement over the NBER in the speed at which turning points are identified. Importantly, the model achieves this with few instances of "false positives." Overall, the evidence suggests that the regime-switching model could be a useful supplement to the NBER Business Cycle Dating Committee for establishing turning point dates.
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Index of Industrial Production Statistics, 1968-1977 (ICPSR 7895)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Geographic coverage: Global
Time period: 1968-01-01--1977-01-01
The United Nations created this data collection using data from reporting countries regarding their yearly industrial production for the years 1968-1977. Each of these countries supplied statistics on the quantities produced for each year and industry. Industries are classified using the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) Code.
Curated

International Data Base, World Population: 1983 Extract (ICPSR 8320)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Time period: 1950-01-01--1985-01-01
This aggregate data collection is an extract of the International Data Base (IDB), a computerized central repository of demographic, economic, and social data for all countries of the world. Data available in this collection include total midyear population estimates and projections (1950-1985), percent urban population, estimates and projections of crude birth rate, crude death rate, net migration rate, rate of natural increase, and annual growth rate, infant mortality rate and life expectancy at birth by sex, percent literate by sex, and percent of the labor force in agriculture.
Curated

Investment-Specific Technology Growth: Concepts and Recent Estimates (ICPSR 1273)

Released/updated on: 2003-04-18
Geographic coverage: United States
The strength of United States productivity growth in recent years has been attributed to technological improvements that are, in some sense, embodied in new types of capital equipment. However, traditional growth theory and growth accounting techniques -- which emphasize the role of disembodied, neutral technological progress -- are deficient in explaining this phenomenon. In this article, the author outlines a model of investment-specific technological change that has become popular for describing the notion of capital-embodied growth and summarizes some recent estimates of the importance of this type of technological progress for assessing United States productivity trends.
Curated

Is Clarity of Responsibility Important for Economic Voting? Revisiting Powell and Whitten's Hypothesis (ICPSR 1206)

Released/updated on: 2000-08-28
Geographic coverage: United States
The objective was to retest Powell and Whitten's 1993 hypothesis that the relationship between aggregate economic indicators and aggregate election outcomes is stronger in political contexts when there is greater clarity of responsibility. The data include alternative indicators of the variables discussed by Powell and Whitten, and more recent election results that were not contained in the original dataset. The purpose of this article was to evaluate the robustness of Powell and Whitten's initial findings. The data allow for a near-replication of their work, as well as a retesting of their basic model using different specifications, economic indicators, and vote variables. The impact of aggregate economic indicators on vote percentages for governing parties and the impact of political context (e.g., one-party vs. multi-party government) on government accountability for economic performance are examined.
Curated

Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (ICPSR 36545)

Released/updated on: 2016-07-28
Geographic coverage: United States

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) is a monthly survey conducted in the United States that has been developed to address the need for data on job openings, hires, and separations. The data provided by JOLTS serve as demand-side indicators of labor shortages at the national level. Data from a sample of approximately 16,000 U.S. business establishments are collected by the Bureau of Labor Statistics through the Atlanta JOLTS Data Collection Center. The JOLTS survey covers all nonagricultural industries in the public and private sectors for the 50 States and the District of Columbia. JOLTS collects and shares data on Total Employment, Job Openings, Hires, Quits, Layoffs and Discharges, and Other Separations. JOLTS provides data from as far back as December 2000.

The JOLTS database allow users to extract data by industry based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). Policymakers working in the arts and culture fields will find the data on the "Arts, entertainment, and recreation" industry (NAICS code 710000) of particular interest. JOLTS has over 760 data series related to the arts industry and continues to collect data on this industry every month.

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