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Curated

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Developing Methods for Assessing Outcomes of Law and Policy on Drug Trafficking Offenders, Organizations, and Criminal Justice Responses, United States, 2000-2018 (ICPSR 38441)

Released/updated on: 2024-02-27

Geographic coverage: Tacoma, Seattle, United States, California, Bellevue, Washington

Time period: 2000-01-01--2018-12-31

This project sought to gather and analyze data on the effects of marijuana legalization from primary and secondary data sources that are both local and national in scope, and at both the individual and aggregate level. Since 1996, 37 states have passed statutes legalizing marijuana for medical and/or recreational use, while it has remained illegal under federal law. Jurisdictional and temporal variation in law creates a complex environment and substantial challenges for police and prosecutors charged with enforcement, and little is known about the justice system processing, public safety, and public health outcomes of evolving laws and policies.

Secondary criminal justice and public health data were gathered from federal, state, and local sources. Each source has a sufficiently long time series to provide statistical power and to allow for sometimes gradual implementation. The design exploits geographic and temporal variation in the implementation of marijuana law, using a difference-in-differences design that compares outcomes in states which implemented the policies with states that did not, before and after implementation.

Curated

Restricted

Effects of Marijuana Legalization on Law Enforcement and Crime, Washington, 2004-2018 (ICPSR 37661)

Released/updated on: 2021-04-29

Geographic coverage: United States, Washington

Time period: 2004-01-01--2018-12-31

This study sought to examine the effects of cannabis legalization on crime and law enforcement in Washington State. In 2012 citizens voted to legalize possession of small amounts of cannabis, with the first licensed retail outlets opening on July 1, 2014. Researchers crafted their analysis around two questions. First, how are law enforcement agencies handling crime and offenders, particularly involving marijuana, before and after legalization? Second, what are the effects of marijuana legalization on crime, crime clearance, and other policing activities statewide, as well as in urban, rural, tribal, and border areas?

Research participants and crime data were collected from 14 police organizations across Washington, as well as Idaho police organizations situated by the Washington-Idaho border where marijuana possession is illegal. Additional subjects were recruited from other police agencies across Washington, prosecutors, and officials from the Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife, Washington State Liquor and Cannabis Board, and the National Association of State Boating Law Administrators for focus groups and individual interviews. Variables included dates of calls for service from 2004 through 2018, circumstances surrounding calls for service, geographic beats, agency, whether calls were dispatch or officer initiated, and whether the agency was in a jurisdiction with legal cannabis.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

CBS News/60 Minutes/Vanity Fair National Poll, October #3, 2011 (ICPSR 34473)

Released/updated on: 2013-01-16

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2011-10-01--2011-10-31

This poll, the last of three fielded October 2011, is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on a range of political and social issues. Respondents were asked to disclose whether they voted for John McCain or Barack Obama in the 2008 presidential election, whether they would vote for George W. Bush if he could run for president against Obama, and whether they believe the country as a whole is headed in the right direction. Surveyors queried respondents on upcoming Thanksgiving celebration rituals and holiday related preferences. Details were also sought regarding respondents' personal habits, with topics including religious involvement, restaurant patronage, library visitation, and food preferences. Opinions were collected regarding the legalization of marijuana, the legitimacy of state medical marijuana programs, and the efficacy of alternative medicine (non-surgical treatments, herbal and homeopathic remedies). Furthermore, survey participants were asked whether they believe positive thinking could produce measurable improvement in one's life in general, assist in landing a job, or aid in overcoming serious illness. Demographic information includes sex, age, race, marital status, education level, household income, religious preference, type of residential area (e.g., urban or rural), political party affiliation, political philosophy, number of phones, voter registration status, whether respondents were members of the Tea Party movement, and whether the respondents thought of themselves as born-again Christians.

Curated

ABC News/Washington Post Monthly Poll, April 2009 (ICPSR 27764)

Released/updated on: 2010-04-29

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2009-04-01--2009-04-30

This poll, fielded April 21-24, 2009, is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Respondents were asked to give their opinions of President Barack Obama and his handling of the presidency, foreign policy, and the economy as well as opinions on Vice President Joe Biden. Respondents were asked whether the Obama administration, the Republicans or the Democrats in Congress could be trusted to do a better job coping with the economic problems the nation faced, whether things in the country were going in the right direction, and the capacity of President Obama to understand the problems and needs of the American citizen. Respondents were also asked their opinions of the effectiveness of the economic stimulus and federal controls to prevent waste and fraud in the economic recovery, as well as the appropriateness for United States automakers to declare bankruptcy and their role in the national economy. Non-economic questions concerned the role of the United States in Afghanistan, confidence in the Obama administration in the handling of Afghanistan and the campaign against terrorism, whether the United States should establish diplomatic/trade relations with Cuba, whether the Obama administration should investigate the legality of the use of torture during the previous Bush (George, W.) administration, concerns over greenhouse gases, gun control and its relationship to the level of violent crime in the United States and the legality of same-sex marriage. Additional questions asked respondents for their opinions on the effectiveness of immigration control and proposed amnesty plans for illegal immigrants, and legalizing possession of marijuana for personal use. Personal financial and economic topics addressed how concerned respondents were that they could maintain their current standard of living. Demographic variables include sex, age, race, political philosophy, type of residential area (e.g., urban or rural), education level, religious preference, employment status, household income, and whether respondents considered themselves to be a born-again Christian.

Curated

ABC News/Washington Post Poll, May 1986 (ICPSR 8582)

Released/updated on: 2008-04-09

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1986-05-01--1986-05-31

This survey examines a variety of political and social issues. Respondents were asked to rate Reagan's performance as president, to evaluate the state of the economy, and to state their positions on nuclear power and current tax reform legislation. They were also asked about their impressions of possible candidates for president and who they might vote for in an election between George Bush and several of the Democratic candidates. Respondents' opinions were elicited on several other topics including legalizing marijuana, corporate mergers, the Soviet Union, unmarried men and women living together, and whether or not blacks have achieved equal opportunity. In addition, respondents were asked about their favorite type of music. Demographic characteristics were also recorded.

Curated

ABC News/Washington Post Poll, May 1985 (ICPSR 8634)

Released/updated on: 2008-02-20

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1985-05-01--1985-05-31

This survey covers a variety of national issues with special emphasis on drug and alcohol abuse. Respondents were asked to rate Reagan's performance as president and to give their opinions on the state of the economy. They were also questioned about the federal budget deficit and possible ways to reduce it. Questions in the drug and alcohol section examined the use of alcohol by the respondent and his or her friends and relatives. Specific questions included whether the respondent had ever had a drug or alcohol problem, whether or not he or she had received treatment for substance abuse, and whether or not drugs or alcohol had caused problems in the respondent's family. Opinions were also elicited on the legalization of certain drugs, on a uniform federal drinking age, and on the prohibition of all alcoholic beverages. Additional topics covered included income taxes and Reagan's trip to Europe including his visit to the Bitburg cemetery. Respondents were also asked if they perceived that public opinion polls affected the way they voted in the last presidential election. Demographic characteristics were recorded.

Curated

ABC News/Washington Post Poll, April 1986 (ICPSR 8580)

Released/updated on: 2007-07-09

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1986-04-24--1986-04-24

This survey covers a variety of political and social issues. Respondents were asked to rate Reagan's performance as president, to comment on United States policy and actions in the Middle East including the air strike against Libya, to evaluate the state of the nation's economy, and to assess the reliability of our allies. They were also questioned about the effect of falling oil prices on the nation's economy and about their own personal financial situations. Other topics included legalization of marijuana, successes of the civil rights movement, which political party the respondent supports, and the likelihood that the respondent will vote in the next election. Demographic characteristics were also recorded.

Curated

CBS News State of the Union Poll and Call-Back Poll, January 1997 (ICPSR 4486)

Released/updated on: 2007-01-12

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1997-01-01--1997-01-31

This special topic poll, fielded January 30-February 1 and February 4, 1997, solicited public opinion prior to and immediately following President Bill Clinton's February 4, 1997, State of the Union address. Respondents were polled prior to the speech and gave their opinions of President Clinton and his handling of the presidency, as well as of Vice President Al Gore, First Lady Hillary Clinton, Senate Majority Leader Trent Lott, Republican Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich, and the United States Congress, and identified the most important issues Congress should focus on in the upcoming year. Those polled were asked about the likelihood that they would watch the State of the Union address, the one issue they would like the president to talk about, the condition of the national economy, whether President Clinton or the Republicans in Congress had more influence over the direction of the country, and which one should have more influence over the next two years. Views were also elicited on whether government could have a positive impact on people's lives and whether government, businesses, or individuals should be most responsible for solving the nation's problems. Other questions addressed meetings with major campaign contributors at the White House, the effect of scandals on President Clinton's second term in office, campaign finance reform, welfare recipients, balancing the federal budget, and the future of the Social Security and Medicare systems. Additional topics focused on the personal and medicinal use of marijuana, marital satisfaction, dating, impulse buying, credit cards, race relations, and the O.J. Simpson criminal and civil trials. A call-back poll conducted immediately following the February 4, 1997, State of the Union address asked respondents whether they had watched or listened to it that evening, their opinions of the O.J. Simpson civil trial verdict released earlier that day, and whether presidents can improve race relations. Demographic variables include sex, age, race, education level, marital status, household income, type of residential area (e.g., urban or rural), voter registration status, political party affiliation, political philosophy, for whom respondents voted in the 1996 presidential election, whether they had a child who entered ninth grade in September 1996, and whether children and teenagers lived in the household.

Curated

ABC News "Nightline" Drugs and Alcohol Poll, August 1988 (ICPSR 9180)

Released/updated on: 2006-11-30

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1988-08-30--1988-09-01

Focusing on drug and alcohol abuse, this survey solicited respondents" opinions on the most important problem facing the country, government prohibition of alcohol in the 1920s, the use of drugs or alcohol for enjoyment, the relative severity of drug and alcohol abuse in the respondent"s community, federal spending on drug abuse, and the relative effectiveness in controlling the use of drugs of strategies such as stopping illegal importation, arresting drug sellers, arresting drug users, and educating the public. In addition, respondents were asked if various substances (e.g., marijuana, LSD, alcohol, and cigarettes) were dangerous to their health, which caused the most trouble in society, and if substances such as cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana and heroin should be legal or illegal for an adult to buy. They also were asked if they agreed or disagreed with the following statements: (1) Drug abuse wouldn"t stop because people continue to want drugs, (2) People should be allowed to take drugs as long as they don"t hurt someone else, (3) Current fears about an illegal drug crisis were inflated, and (4) Illegal drug use had become a central part of American society. Other topics covered include the possible outcomes of legalization of various drugs. The results of the poll were announced on the ABC television program "Nightline." Background information on respondents includes education, age, race, sex, and state/region of residence.

Curated

ABC News Marijuana Poll, May 1997 (ICPSR 2489)

Released/updated on: 2006-11-10

Geographic coverage: United States

This special topic poll sought respondents' views on legalizing the possession of small amounts of marijuana for personal use. Respondents were asked if they supported the use of marijuana for medical purposes when the patient was terminally ill, seriously but not fatally ill, or whenever it would help the patient medically. Those queried were asked if they believed that marijuana has legitimate medical uses. Background information on respondents includes sex and personal history of marijuana use.

Curated

Detroit Area Study, 1979: A Study of Metropolitan Issues (ICPSR 9301)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-17

Geographic coverage: Detroit, United States, Michigan

Time period: 1979-01-01--1979-12-31

Crime and other matters of criminal justice were the main focus of inquiry for this Detroit Area Study. Respondents were asked to report on incidents of crime against themselves, relatives, and friends. They also were queried about their fears of being victimized by crime and about measures they had undertaken to protect themselves against crime. In addition, the survey elicited views on wide range of criminal justice issues such as the death penalty, the causes of crime and ways to reduce it, the salience of crime as a social problem, the legalization of marijuana use, handgun laws, the criminality of certain acts such as shooting a fleeing burglar, the construction of new prisons, the imposition of new taxes to improve law enforcement, the allocation of federal funds to police and other services, the activities of the police and courts including their fairness toward blacks, and whether or not convicting the innocent was better than letting the guilty go free. The survey also sought respondents' views on other social issues, such as prayer in public schools, labor unions, the Equal Rights amendment, defense spending, abortion, the quality of public schools, and affirmative action. Additional information gathered by the survey includes duration of residence in the tri-county area and at the current address, place of previous residence, moves planned for the future, television viewing habits, which newspapers were read, gun ownership, shopping habits, home and motor vehicle ownership, use of public transportation, travel to work, political and social class affiliation, satisfaction with neighborhoods and with the tri-county area, and information on age, sex, place of birth, marital status, education, employment, occupation, income, religion, race, ethnicity, and household composition.

Curated

Washington Post Poll, June 1988 (ICPSR 9065)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1988-06-15--1988-06-19

This survey focuses on a variety of social and political issues with an emphasis on the Reagan presidency and the drug problem in the United States. Respondents were asked if they approved or disapproved of Reagan's handling of the presidency, what had been Reagan's greatest successes and failures as president, what grade the respondent would give the Reagan administration for it's handling over the past eight years of such problems as unemployment, inflation, poverty, crime, and improving the quality of public education. In addition, respondents were asked if they agreed or disagreed with a series of statements regarding Reagan's policies and performance, and what changes they perceived as a result of the Reagan presidency in areas such as military power, federal spending, and United States influence in the world. Topics covered in the series of questions relating to drugs include legalization of cocaine, the respondent's degree of concern about various problems relating to illegal drugs, if illegal drugs were a problem in the respondent's general neighborhood, high school, and workplace, mandatory drug testing, and various proposed measures to reduce the drug problem. Respondents also were asked their preference for presidential candidates George Bush or Michael Dukakis and the strength of their support. Background information on respondents includes political alignment, 1984 presidential vote choice, education, age, religion, marital status, household composition, labor union membership, race, income, and state/region of residence.