Showing 1 – 50 of 156 results.
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Instilling a Culture of Continuous Learning From Criminal Justice System Errors: A Multi-Stakeholder Sentinel Event Review of Process in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2006-2016 (ICPSR 38188)
Released/updated on: 2025-07-28
Geographic coverage: United States, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Time period: 2006-11-17--2016-11-17
In January 2016, the Quattrone Center for the Fair Administration of Justice at the University of Pennsylvania Law School was awarded grant 2015-R2-CX-K040 for a proposal entitled "Instilling a Culture of Continuous Learning from Criminal Justice System Errors: A Multi-Stakeholder Sentinel Events Review of Process in Philadelphia." The work performed under the grant built upon a successful pilot program supported by NIJ, in which a group of criminal justice professionals in Philadelphia, PA conducted a multi-stakeholder sentinel event review (SER) of a criminal case in the United States. The Quattrone Center proposed to build upon the pilot project by implementing the Philadelphia Event Review Team (PERT) as a more permanent working group to identify cases of error in the Philadelphia criminal justice system and conduct sentinel event reviews of those cases over the three-year period of performance for the grant.
The PERT formed a group of dedicated criminal justice professionals across multiple agencies - the Philadelphia District Attorney's Office, the Philadelphia Police Department, the Defender Association of Philadelphia, the 1st Circuit Court of Common Pleas of Pennsylvania, and others - who agreed to meet regularly and review cases where all of the participants felt an undesired outcome had occurred.
The process for conducting the second SER was lengthy and circuitous, and was slowed by a number of factors: the churn of elected and appointed personnel in the participating agencies, the overhang of potential impending litigation on cases being reviewed for possible selection, and in one instance, the inability to waive attorney/client privilege for a defendant whose treatment by the system was viewed as suboptimal by the PERT. Both the successes and the challenges of SERs in criminal justice as experienced by the PERT are set forth below.
The SERs conducted as part of this project followed the definition of SER set forth in the NIJ publication Mending Justice: Sentinel Event Reviews. Sentinel events, which have a history of successful application in fields as diverse as aviation, healthcare, and military operations, are multi-stakeholder reviews of instances of error in complex human systems that seek to reveal and understand the root cause(s) of such "never events" as plane crashes, surgical errors, and other accidents. They involve a formal procedure to review errors in a non-blaming atmosphere and determine ways to avoid such errors in the future.
Applying the methodology of Sentinel Event Reviews (SER) to the criminal justice system involves reviewing a criminal investigation and prosecution that demonstrated some "error," as defined by the participants of the SER. The PERT took the position that any wrongful conviction, cold case, officer-involved shooting, or death of an individual in the custody of the state was by definition a case of error; this definition is completely separate from an assessment of blame and simply held that any instance of these outcomes was per se unwanted, even if such an outcome may have resulted by good faith professionals acting within established training and protocols. The PERT attempted to conduct SERs of selected cases in the criminal justice system using principles of "just culture review," defined as "a culture that recognizes that competent professionals make mistakes and acknowledges that even competent professionals will develop unhealthy norms (shortcuts, "routine rule violations"), but has zero tolerance for reckless behavior." (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Glossary)
A substantial question regarding the application of SERs to criminal justice was whether the adversarial nature of the criminal justice system, which is different than the structure of the systems in which SERs were originally developed, would be a barrier to their successful application in criminal justice. The adversarial culture unique to the criminal justice process creates additional challenges, including the complexity of gaining consensus from cross-agency participants on the definition or occurrence of errors, the ability to define shared goals within a system, and the ability to implement reforms that require changes in agencies other than one's own. Within that context, the work performed under this grant provides additional information to help answer the questions posed by, and the methodology outlined in, Mending Justice--namely, (1) how might SERs be applied to the criminal justice system; (2) can they effectively reduce future errors; and (3) is this approach sustainable?
The datasets are the result of two data requests. The first data request asked for appeals court cases for the Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas involving criminal cases with an appeal filed from 1/1/2011 through 12/31/2015 as recorded in the Pennsylvania Appellate Court Management System (PACMS). The second data request asked for data on case level data related to the criminal cases disposed in the Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas from 11/17/2006 through 11/17/2016 with one of the following final case dispositions: dismissed, judgement of acquittal, mistrial, nolle prossed, nolle prossed (case dismissed), quashed, demurrer sustained, or withdrawn. For each kind of data (cases, case dispositions, offenses, offense dispositions, docket entries) there are two files, one for each of the data requests. The two files for each type of data share the same structure and fields.
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Organizations Convicted in Federal Criminal Courts, 2020 (ICPSR 38551)
Released/updated on: 2023-03-28
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2019-10-01--2020-09-30
These data, collected to assist in the development of sentencing guidelines, describe offense and sentencing characteristics for organizations sentenced in federal district courts in 2020. The United States Sentencing Commission's primary function is to inform federal courts of sentencing policies and practices that include guidelines prescribing the appropriate form and severity of punishment for offenders convicted of federal crimes. Court-related variables include primary offense type, pecuniary offense loss and gain, dates of disposition and sentencing, method of determination of guilt, number of counts pled and charged, and dates and types of sentencing and restitution. Defendant organization variables include ownership structure, number of owners and employees, highest level of corporate knowledge of the criminal offense, highest level of corporate indictment and conviction for participation in the criminal offense, annual revenue, equity and financial status, whether it was a criminal organization, duration of criminal activity, and risk to national security. Organizational defendants data, 2020, covers fiscal year October 1, 2019, through September 30, 2020.
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Organizations Convicted in Federal Criminal Courts, 2021 (ICPSR 38554)
Released/updated on: 2023-03-28
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2020-10-01--2021-09-30
These data, collected to assist in the development of sentencing guidelines, describe offense and sentencing characteristics for organizations sentenced in federal district courts in 2021. The United States Sentencing Commission's primary function is to inform federal courts of sentencing policies and practices that include guidelines prescribing the appropriate form and severity of punishment for offenders convicted of federal crimes. Court-related variables include primary offense type, pecuniary offense loss and gain, dates of disposition and sentencing, method of determination of guilt, number of counts pled and charged, and dates and types of sentencing and restitution. Defendant organization variables include ownership structure, number of owners and employees, highest level of corporate knowledge of the criminal offense, highest level of corporate indictment and conviction for participation in the criminal offense, annual revenue, equity and financial status, whether it was a criminal organization, duration of criminal activity, and risk to national security. Organizational defendants data, 2021, covers fiscal year October 1, 2020, through September 30, 2021.
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Federal Justice Statistics Program Data, 1978-1994: [United States] (ICPSR 9296)
Released/updated on: 2023-01-16
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1978-01-01--1994-12-31
Data in this collection examine the processing of federal offenders. The Cases Terminated files (Parts 1-3 and 25-28) contain information about defendants in criminal cases filed in the United States Federal District Court and terminated in the calendar years indicated. Defendants in criminal cases may either be individuals or corporations, and there is one record for each defendant in each case terminated. Information on court proceedings, date the case was filed, date the case was terminated, most serious charge, and reason for termination is included. The Docket and Reporting System files (Parts 4-7, 31-34, and 42) include information on suspects in investigative matters that took an hour or more of a United States Attorney's time with one of the following outcomes: (1) the United States Attorney declined to prosecute, (2) the case was filed in Federal District Court, or (3) the matter was disposed by a United States magistrate. Codes for each disposition and change of status are also provided. The Pretrial Services data (Parts 8, 22, 43, and 47) present variables on the circuit, district, and office where the defendant was charged, type of action, year of birth and sex of the defendant, major offense charge, and results of initial and detention hearings. The Parole Decisions data (Part 9) contain information from various parole hearings such as court date, appeal action, reopening decision, sentence, severity of sentence, offense, and race and ethnicity of the defendant. The Offenders Under Supervision files (Parts 15-16 and 37-40) focus on convicted offenders sentenced to probation supervision and federal prisoners released to parole supervision. The Federal Prisoner files (Parts 18 and 20) supply data on when an offender entered and was released from confinement, as well as the amount of time served for any given offense. The Administrative Office of the United States Courts data files (Parts 44, 52, and 53) contain records of defendants in criminal cases filed in Federal District Court and terminated in the calendar years indicated. There is one record for each defendant in each case. Variables include the date the case was filed, offense level, AO (Administrative Office) codes, and disposition date. The Bureau of Prisons data (both the Master and Detail files, Parts 45, 46, and 54-57 -- formerly known as the Federal Prisoner files) contain records of sentenced prisoners admitted to or released from federal prison during 1992-1994. These files consist of separate records for each prisoner's commitment to federal prison, and for each sentence imposed on a prisoner for a given commitment to federal prison. The Central System (CS) and Central Charge (CC) files of the Executive Office for United States Attorneys (EOUSA) include information about suspects in criminal matters and defendants in criminal cases in 1993-1994. Each defendant in a criminal matter has a master Central System record (Parts 50 and 51) and may have one or more Central Charge records (Parts 48 and 49). The Federal Probation/Supervision Data files (Parts 58 and 59) provide information on supervision procedures and the sequence of events and proceedings in 1992-1994 from the time a case was opened for supervision until the case was terminated. These include reports of parole violations, transfers of supervision to other districts, and case removals due to, for example, rearrest or hospitalization. The Sentencing Commission data (Parts 60 and 61) contain information on federal criminal cases sentenced in 1992-1994 under the Sentencing Guidelines and Policy Statements of the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984.
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Federal Court Cases, 1962-1964 (ICPSR 7245)
Released/updated on: 2022-09-12
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1962-01-01--1964-12-31
This study collected data from both civil and criminal federal cases tried in the fiscal years 1962-1963 and 1963-1964. Procedural, jurisdictional, and other legal information is provided, including the disposition of each case.
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Organizations Convicted in Federal Criminal Courts, 2017 (ICPSR 37991)
Released/updated on: 2022-03-29
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2016-10-01--2017-09-30
These data, collected to assist in the development of sentencing guidelines, describe offense and sentencing characteristics for organizations sentenced in federal district courts in 2017. The United States Sentencing Commission's primary function is to inform federal courts of sentencing policies and practices that include guidelines prescribing the appropriate form and severity of punishment for offenders convicted of federal crimes. Court-related variables include primary offense type, pecuniary offense loss and gain, dates of disposition and sentencing, method of determination of guilt, number of counts pled and charged, and dates and types of sentencing and restitution. Defendant organization variables include ownership structure, number of owners and employees, highest level of corporate knowledge of the criminal offense, highest level of corporate indictment and conviction for participation in the criminal offense, annual revenue, equity and financial status, whether it was a criminal organization, duration of criminal activity, and risk to national security. Organizational defendants data, 2017, covers fiscal year October 1, 2016, through September 30, 2017.
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Organizations Convicted in Federal Criminal Courts, 2018 (ICPSR 38006)
Released/updated on: 2022-03-29
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2017-10-01--2018-09-30
These data, collected to assist in the development of sentencing guidelines, describe offense and sentencing characteristics for organizations sentenced in federal district courts in 2018. The United States Sentencing Commission's primary function is to inform federal courts of sentencing policies and practices that include guidelines prescribing the appropriate form and severity of punishment for offenders convicted of federal crimes. Court-related variables include primary offense type, pecuniary offense loss and gain, dates of disposition and sentencing, method of determination of guilt, number of counts pled and charged, and dates and types of sentencing and restitution. Defendant organization variables include ownership structure, number of owners and employees, highest level of corporate knowledge of the criminal offense, highest level of corporate indictment and conviction for participation in the criminal offense, annual revenue, equity and financial status, whether it was a criminal organization, duration of criminal activity, and risk to national security. Organizational defendants data, 2018, covers fiscal year October 1, 2017, through September 30, 2018.
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Organizations Convicted in Federal Criminal Courts, 2019 (ICPSR 38021)
Released/updated on: 2022-03-29
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2018-10-01--2019-09-30
These data, collected to assist in the development of sentencing guidelines, describe offense and sentencing characteristics for organizations sentenced in federal district courts in 2019. The United States Sentencing Commission's primary function is to inform federal courts of sentencing policies and practices that include guidelines prescribing the appropriate form and severity of punishment for offenders convicted of federal crimes. Court-related variables include primary offense type, pecuniary offense loss and gain, dates of disposition and sentencing, method of determination of guilt, number of counts pled and charged, and dates and types of sentencing and restitution. Defendant organization variables include ownership structure, number of owners and employees, highest level of corporate knowledge of the criminal offense, highest level of corporate indictment and conviction for participation in the criminal offense, annual revenue, equity and financial status, whether it was a criminal organization, duration of criminal activity, and risk to national security. Organizational defendants data, 2019, covers fiscal year October 1, 2018, through September 30, 2019.
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State Court Processing Statistics, 2002: Felony and Domestic Violence Defendants in Large Urban Counties (ICPSR 34892)
Released/updated on: 2019-03-28
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2002-05-01--2002-05-31
This study provides incident-based, case processing, and criminal history data on defendants charged in state courts during May 2002. The State Court Processing Statistics Program tracked the processing of about 15,000 felony defendants charged in 40 of the 75 largest counties during May 2002. The BJS study entitled Processing of Domestic Violence Cases in State Courts collected additional incident-based and case processing data on more than 5,000 felony and misdemeanor domestic violence defendants in 16 of the 40 counties.
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Community-Level Influences on the Sentencing of Convicted Sex Offenders, Pennsylvania, 2004-2010 (ICPSR 36593)
Released/updated on: 2018-08-07
Geographic coverage: United States, Pennsylvania
Time period: 2004-01-01--2010-12-31
These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed.
This study examined the extent to which contextual factors influenced variation in sex offender sentencing decisions.
By law, Pennsylvania trial courts were required to submit all felony and misdemeanor convictions under the Pennsylvania Sentencing Guidelines to the Pennsylvania Commission on Sentencing on a yearly basis.
These data were supplemented with county-level data from the American Community Survey, Administrative Office of Pennsylvania Courts' Annual Caseload Statistics of the Unified Judicial System of Pennsylvania, Associated Religion Data Archives, and Pennsylvania Department of State, Voter Registration Statistics Archives.
The collection contains 1 SPSS data file (Cleaned-Data-2015-R2-CX-0039.sav (n=318048; 31 variables)).
Demographic variables include gender, race, and defendant's age at sentencing.
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Organizations Convicted in Federal Criminal Courts, 2016 (ICPSR 36980)
Released/updated on: 2018-06-06
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2015-10-01--2016-09-30
These data, collected to assist in the development of sentencing guidelines, describe offense and sentencing characteristics for organizations sentenced in federal district courts in 2016. The United States Sentencing Commission's primary function is to inform federal courts of sentencing policies and practices that include guidelines prescribing the appropriate form and severity of punishment for offenders convicted of federal crimes. Court-related variables include primary offense type, pecuniary offense loss and gain, dates of disposition and sentencing, method of determination of guilt, number of counts pled and charged, and dates and types of sentencing and restitution. Defendant organization variables include ownership structure, number of owners and employees, highest level of corporate knowledge of the criminal offense, highest level of corporate indictment and conviction for participation in the criminal offense, annual revenue, equity and financial status, whether it was a criminal organization, duration of criminal activity, and risk to national security. Organizational defendants data, 2016, covers fiscal year October 1, 2015, through September 30, 2016.
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Federal Court Cases: Integrated Data Base Bankruptcy Petitions, [United States], 2016 (ICPSR 36655)
Released/updated on: 2018-04-30
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2016-01-01--2016-12-31
In 2008, the Administrative Office of the United States Courts (AOUSC) began implementing the NewSTATS (New Streamline Timely Access to Statistics) Project with respect to bankruptcy data. The project's goals were to modernize the system for collecting, processing, analyzing, and reporting statistics of the federal court system. Based on the records for bankruptcy cases in NewSTATS, a data base for internal use in the Research Division of the Federal Judicial Center has been created. That data base is the Bankruptcy Petition NewSTATS Snapshots [BPNS] Data Base.
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Organizations Convicted in Federal Criminal Courts, 2014 (ICPSR 36570)
Released/updated on: 2017-02-09
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2013-10-01--2014-09-30
These data, collected to assist in the development of sentencing guidelines, describe offense and sentencing characteristics for organizations sentenced in federal district courts in 2014. The United States Sentencing Commission's primary function is to inform federal courts of sentencing policies and practices that include guidelines prescribing the appropriate form and severity of punishment for offenders convicted of federal crimes. Court-related variables include primary offense type, pecuniary offense loss and gain, dates of disposition and sentencing, method of determination of guilt, number of counts pled and charged, and dates and types of sentencing and restitution. Defendant organization variables include ownership structure, number of owners and employees, highest level of corporate knowledge of the criminal offense, highest level of corporate indictment and conviction for participation in the criminal offense, annual revenue, equity and financial status, whether it was a criminal organization, duration of criminal activity, and risk to national security. Organizational defendants data, 2014, covers fiscal year October 1, 2013, through September 30, 2014.
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Organizations Convicted in Federal Criminal Courts, 2015 (ICPSR 36573)
Released/updated on: 2017-02-09
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2014-10-01--2015-09-30
These data, collected to assist in the development of sentencing guidelines, describe offense and sentencing characteristics for organizations sentenced in federal district courts in 2015. The United States Sentencing Commission's primary function is to inform federal courts of sentencing policies and practices that include guidelines prescribing the appropriate form and severity of punishment for offenders convicted of federal crimes. Court-related variables include primary offense type, pecuniary offense loss and gain, dates of disposition and sentencing, method of determination of guilt, number of counts pled and charged, and dates and types of sentencing and restitution. Defendant organization variables include ownership structure, number of owners and employees, highest level of corporate knowledge of the criminal offense, highest level of corporate indictment and conviction for participation in the criminal offense, annual revenue, equity and financial status, whether it was a criminal organization, duration of criminal activity, and risk to national security. Organizational defendants data, 2015, covers fiscal year October 1, 2014, through September 30, 2015.
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Federal Court Cases: Integrated Data Base Bankruptcy Petitions, 2008 (ICPSR 36468)
Released/updated on: 2017-01-05
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2008-01-01--2008-12-31
In 2008, the Administrative Office of the United States Courts (AOUSC) began implementing the NewSTATS (New Streamline Timely Access to Statistics) Project with respect to bankruptcy data. The project's goals were to modernize the system for collecting, processing, analyzing, and reporting statistics of the federal court system. Based on the records for bankruptcy cases in NewSTATS, a data base for internal use in the Research Division of the Federal Judicial Center has been created. That data base is the Bankruptcy Petition NewSTATS Snapshots [BPNS] Data Base.
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Federal Court Cases: Integrated Data Base Bankruptcy Petitions, 2009 (ICPSR 36483)
Released/updated on: 2017-01-05
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2009-01-01--2009-12-31
In 2008, the Administrative Office of the United States Courts (AOUSC) began implementing the NewSTATS (New Streamline Timely Access to Statistics) Project with respect to bankruptcy data. The project's goals were to modernize the system for collecting, processing, analyzing, and reporting statistics of the federal court system. Based on the records for bankruptcy cases in NewSTATS, a data base for internal use in the Research Division of the Federal Judicial Center has been created. That data base is the Bankruptcy Petition NewSTATS Snapshots [BPNS] Data Base.
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Federal Court Cases: Integrated Data Base Bankruptcy Petitions, 2010 (ICPSR 36484)
Released/updated on: 2017-01-05
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2010-01-01--2010-12-31
In 2008, the Administrative Office of the United States Courts (AOUSC) began implementing the NewSTATS (New Streamline Timely Access to Statistics) Project with respect to bankruptcy data. The project's goals were to modernize the system for collecting, processing, analyzing, and reporting statistics of the federal court system. Based on the records for bankruptcy cases in NewSTATS, a data base for internal use in the Research Division of the Federal Judicial Center has been created. That data base is the Bankruptcy Petition NewSTATS Snapshots [BPNS] Data Base.
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Federal Court Cases: Integrated Data Base Bankruptcy Petitions, 2011 (ICPSR 36485)
Released/updated on: 2017-01-05
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2011-01-01--2011-12-31
In 2008, the Administrative Office of the United States Courts (AOUSC) began implementing the NewSTATS (New Streamline Timely Access to Statistics) Project with respect to bankruptcy data. The project's goals were to modernize the system for collecting, processing, analyzing, and reporting statistics of the federal court system. Based on the records for bankruptcy cases in NewSTATS, a data base for internal use in the Research Division of the Federal Judicial Center has been created. That data base is the Bankruptcy Petition NewSTATS Snapshots [BPNS] Data Base.
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Federal Court Cases: Integrated Data Base Bankruptcy Petitions, 2012 (ICPSR 36486)
Released/updated on: 2017-01-05
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2012-01-01--2012-12-31
In 2008, the Administrative Office of the United States Courts (AOUSC) began implementing the NewSTATS (New Streamline Timely Access to Statistics) Project with respect to bankruptcy data. The project's goals were to modernize the system for collecting, processing, analyzing, and reporting statistics of the federal court system. Based on the records for bankruptcy cases in NewSTATS, a data base for internal use in the Research Division of the Federal Judicial Center has been created. That data base is the Bankruptcy Petition NewSTATS Snapshots [BPNS] Data Base.
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Federal Court Cases: Integrated Data Base Bankruptcy Petitions, 2013 (ICPSR 36487)
Released/updated on: 2017-01-05
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2013-01-01--2013-12-31
In 2008, the Administrative Office of the United States Courts (AOUSC) began implementing the NewSTATS (New Streamline Timely Access to Statistics) Project with respect to bankruptcy data. The project's goals were to modernize the system for collecting, processing, analyzing, and reporting statistics of the federal court system. Based on the records for bankruptcy cases in NewSTATS, a data base for internal use in the Research Division of the Federal Judicial Center has been created. That data base is the Bankruptcy Petition NewSTATS Snapshots [BPNS] Data Base.
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Federal Court Cases: Integrated Data Base Bankruptcy Petitions, 2014 (ICPSR 36488)
Released/updated on: 2017-01-05
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2014-01-01--2014-12-31
In 2008, the Administrative Office of the United States Courts (AOUSC) began implementing the NewSTATS (New Streamline Timely Access to Statistics) Project with respect to bankruptcy data. The project's goals were to modernize the system for collecting, processing, analyzing, and reporting statistics of the federal court system. Based on the records for bankruptcy cases in NewSTATS, a data base for internal use in the Research Division of the Federal Judicial Center has been created. That data base is the Bankruptcy Petition NewSTATS Snapshots [BPNS] Data Base.
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Federal Court Cases: Integrated Data Base Bankruptcy Petitions, 2015 (ICPSR 36489)
Released/updated on: 2017-01-05
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2015-01-01--2015-12-31
In 2008, the Administrative Office of the United States Courts (AOUSC) began implementing the NewSTATS (New Streamline Timely Access to Statistics) Project with respect to bankruptcy data. The project's goals were to modernize the system for collecting, processing, analyzing, and reporting statistics of the federal court system. Based on the records for bankruptcy cases in NewSTATS, a data base for internal use in the Research Division of the Federal Judicial Center has been created. That data base is the Bankruptcy Petition NewSTATS Snapshots [BPNS] Data Base.
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Organizational Efficiency and Early Disposition Programs in Federal Courts, 2006-2009 (ICPSR 34419)
Released/updated on: 2016-05-26
Geographic coverage: North Carolina, Indiana, Wyoming, Northern Mariana Islands, Utah, Guam, Virgin Islands of the United States, Arizona, Montana, Kentucky, California, Kansas, Florida, Delaware, Pennsylvania, Mississippi, Iowa, Illinois, Texas, Connecticut, Georgia, Virginia, Maryland, Idaho, Oregon, Vermont, Puerto Rico, United States, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Maine, Alabama, Arkansas, Washington, South Carolina, Nebraska, West Virginia, Massachusetts, Colorado, Missouri, Alaska, North Dakota, Wisconsin, Nevada, District of Columbia, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Hawaii, Minnesota, New York (state), New Jersey, Michigan, New Mexico, New Hampshire, Louisiana, Ohio
Time period: 2006-01-01--2009-12-31
These data are part of NACJD's Rapid Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed.
This study is an evaluation of the "fast-track" program that was created to alleviate caseload pressures caused by a dramatic increase in immigration-related cases. This program allows a federal prosecutor to offer a below guideline sentence in exchange for a defendant's prompt guilty plea and a waiver of certain rights. Research questions addressed in the study included: (1) to what extent do fast-track programs impact the efficient processing of (primarily) immigration cases and (2) to what extent does prosecutorial discretion exercised in fast-track processing contribute to sentencing disparity.
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The Anatomy of Discretion: An Analysis of Prosecutorial Decision-making for Cases Processed by Offices in One Northern County and One Southern County, 2007-2010 (ICPSR 32542)
Released/updated on: 2016-04-21
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2009-01-01--2011-06-30, 2007-01-01--2009-07-31, 2011-01-01--2011-12-31, 2010-01-01--2010-12-31, 2010-10-01--2011-03-31
Prosecuting attorneys enjoy broad discretion in making decisions that influence criminal case outcomes. This study examines the impact of legal, quasi-legal, and extra-legal factors on case outcomes throughout the prosecutorial process. It then examines how prosecutors weigh these factors in their decision making and explores the formal and informal mechanisms that constrain or regulate prosecutors' decision-making.
The study examines case screening decisions, charging decisions, plea offers, sentence recommendations, and dismissals in two moderately large county prosecutors' offices. It includes statistical analyses of actual case outcomes, responses to a standardized set of hypothetical cases, and responses to a survey of prosecutors' opinions and priorities, as well as qualitative analyses of two waves of individual interviews and focus groups. It addresses the following questions:
- How did prosecutors define and apply the concepts of justice and fairness?
- What factors were associated with prosecutorial outcomes at each stage?
- How did prosecutors interpret and weigh different case-specific factors in making decisions at each stage?
- How did contextual factors constrain or regulate prosecutorial decision making?
- How consistent were prosecutors' decisions across similar cases? What case-level and contextual factors influenced the degree of consistency?
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Federal Court Cases: Integrated Data Base Appellate and Civil Pending Data, 2014 (ICPSR 29281)
Released/updated on: 2015-12-16
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2014-01-01--2014-12-31
The purpose of this data collection is to provide an official public record of the business of the federal courts. The data originate from district and appellate court offices throughout the United States. Information was obtained at two points in the life of appellate and civil cases: filing and termination. The termination data (archived as separate data collections each year) contain information on both filing and terminations, while the pending data (archived as this data collection and updated annually) contain only filing information on the most recent pending cases. The unit of analysis for the appellate and civil pending data is the case.
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Federal Court Cases: Integrated Data Base, 2001 (ICPSR 3415)
Released/updated on: 2015-09-24
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2001-01-01--2001-12-31
The purpose of this data collection is to provide an official public record of the business of the federal courts. The data originate from 94 district and 12 appellate court offices throughout the United States. Information was obtained at two points in the life of a case: filing and termination. The termination data contain information on both filing and terminations, while the pending data contain only filing information. For the appellate and civil data, the unit of analysis is a single case. The unit of analysis for the criminal data is a single defendant.
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Federal Court Cases: Integrated Data Base, 2002 (ICPSR 4059)
Released/updated on: 2015-09-18
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2002-01-01--2002-12-31
The purpose of this data collection is to provide an official public record of the business of the federal courts. The data originate from district and appellate court offices throughout the United States. Information was obtained at two points in the life of a case: filing and termination. The termination data contain information on both filing and terminations, while the pending data contain only filing information.
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Federal Court Cases: Integrated Data Base, 2003 (ICPSR 4026)
Released/updated on: 2015-09-15
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2003-01-01--2003-12-31
The purpose of this data collection is to provide an official public record of the business of the federal courts. The data originate from district and appellate court offices throughout the United States. Information was obtained at two points in the life of a case: filing and termination. The termination data contain information on both filing and terminations, while the pending data contain only filing information.
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Federal Court Cases: Integrated Data Base, 2004 (ICPSR 4348)
Released/updated on: 2015-09-11
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2004-01-01--2004-12-31
The purpose of this data collection is to provide an official public record of the business of the federal courts. The data originate from district and appellate court offices throughout the United States. Information was obtained at two points in the life of a case: filing and termination. The termination data contain information on both filing and terminations, while the pending data contain only filing information.
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Federal Court Cases: Integrated Data Base, 2005 (ICPSR 4382)
Released/updated on: 2015-09-01
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2005-01-01--2005-12-31
The purpose of this data collection is to provide an official public record of the business of the federal courts. The data originate from district and appellate court offices throughout the United States. Information was obtained at two points in the life of a case: filing and termination. The termination data contain information on both filing and terminations, while the pending data contain only filing information.
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Federal Court Cases: Integrated Data Base, 2006 (ICPSR 4685)
Released/updated on: 2015-08-26
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2006-01-01--2006-12-31
The purpose of this data collection is to provide an official public record of the business of the federal courts. The data originate from district and appellate court offices throughout the United States. Information was obtained at two points in the life of a case: filing and termination. The termination data contain information on both filing and terminations, while the pending data contain only filing information.
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Federal Court Cases: Integrated Database, 2007 (ICPSR 22300)
Released/updated on: 2015-08-25
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2007-01-01--2007-12-31
The purpose of this data collection is to provide an official public record of the business of the federal courts. The data originate from district and appellate court offices throughout the United States. Information was obtained at two points in the life of a case: filing and termination. The termination data contain information on both filing and terminations, while the pending data contain only filing information.
Curated
Restricted
Federal Court Cases: Integrated Data Base, 2008 (ICPSR 25002)
Released/updated on: 2015-08-24
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2008-01-01--2008-12-31
The purpose of this data collection is to provide an official public record of the business of the federal courts. The data originate from district and appellate court offices throughout the United States. Information was obtained at two points in the life of a case: filing and termination. The termination data contain information on both filing and terminations, while the pending data contain only filing information.
Curated
Restricted
Federal Court Cases: Integrated Data Base, 2009 (ICPSR 29661)
Released/updated on: 2015-08-21
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2009-01-01--2009-12-31
The purpose of this data collection is to provide an official public record of the business of the federal courts. The data originate from district and appellate court offices throughout the United States. Information was obtained at two points in the life of a case: filing and termination. The termination data contain information on both filing and terminations, while the pending data contain only filing information.
Curated
Restricted
Federal Court Cases: Integrated Data Base, 2012 (ICPSR 34881)
Released/updated on: 2015-08-20
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2012-01-01--2012-12-31
The purpose of this data collection is to provide an official public record of the business of the federal courts. The data originate from district and appellate court offices throughout the United States. Information was obtained at two points in the life of appellate and civil cases: filing and termination. The termination data (archived in this data collection) contain information on both filing and terminations, while the pending data (archived as a separate data collection) contain only filing information on the most recent pending cases. The unit of analysis for the appellate and civil terminations data is the case. This collection also contains data on criminal cases in federal courts. However, the unit of analysis for the criminal data is the defendant, and a defendant can be included in several cases.
Curated
Restricted
Federal Court Cases: Integrated Data Base, 2011 (ICPSR 33622)
Released/updated on: 2015-08-20
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2011-01-01--2011-12-31
The purpose of this data collection is to provide an official public record of the business of the federal courts. The data originate from district and appellate court offices throughout the United States. Information was obtained at two points in the life of appellate and civil cases: filing and termination. The termination data (archived in this data collection) contain information on both filing and terminations, while the pending data (archived as a separate data collection) contain only filing information on the most recent pending cases. The unit of analysis for the appellate and civil terminations data is the case. This collection also contains data on criminal cases in federal courts. However, the unit of analysis for the criminal data is the defendant, and a defendant can be included in several cases.
Curated
Restricted
Federal Court Cases: Integrated Data Base, 2013 (ICPSR 35603)
Released/updated on: 2015-08-20
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2013-01-01--2013-12-31
The purpose of this data collection is to provide an official public record of the business of the federal courts. The data originate from district and appellate court offices throughout the United States. Information was obtained at two points in the life of appellate and civil cases: filing and termination. The termination data (archived in this data collection) contain information on both filing and terminations, while the pending data (archived as a separate data collection) contain only filing information on the most recent pending cases. The unit of analysis for the appellate and civil terminations data is the case. This collection also contains data on criminal cases in federal courts. However, the unit of analysis for the criminal data is the defendant, and a defendant can be included in several cases.
Curated
Restricted
Federal Court Cases: Integrated Data Base, 2010 (ICPSR 30401)
Released/updated on: 2015-08-20
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2010-01-01--2010-12-31
The purpose of this data collection is to provide an official public record of the business of the federal courts. The data originate from district and appellate court offices throughout the United States. Information was obtained at two points in the life of appellate and civil cases: filing and termination. The termination data (archived in this data collection) contain information on both filing and terminations, while the pending data (archived as a separate data collection) contain only filing information on the most recent pending cases. The unit of analysis for the appellate and civil terminations data is the case. This collection also contains data on criminal cases in federal courts. However, the unit of analysis for the criminal data is the defendant, and a defendant can be included in several cases.
Curated
Restricted
Federal Court Cases: Integrated Data Base, 2014 (ICPSR 36110)
Released/updated on: 2015-08-19
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2014-01-01--2014-12-31
The purpose of this data collection is to provide an official public record of the business of the federal courts. The data originate from district and appellate court offices throughout the United States. Information was obtained at two points in the life of appellate and civil cases: filing and termination. The termination data (archived in this data collection) contain information on both filing and terminations, while the pending data (archived as a separate data collection) contain only filing information on the most recent pending cases. The unit of analysis for the appellate and civil terminations data is the case. This collection also contains data on criminal cases in federal courts. However, the unit of analysis for the criminal data is the defendant, and a defendant can be included in several cases.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Organizations Convicted in Federal Criminal Courts, 2013 (ICPSR 35347)
Released/updated on: 2014-12-03
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2012-10-01--2013-09-30
These data, collected to assist in the development of sentencing guidelines, describe offense and sentencing characteristics for organizations sentenced in federal district courts in 2013. The United States Sentencing Commission's primary function is to inform federal courts of sentencing policies and practices that include guidelines prescribing the appropriate form and severity of punishment for offenders convicted of federal crimes. Court-related variables include primary offense type, pecuniary offense loss and gain, dates of disposition and sentencing, method of determination of guilt, number of counts pled and charged, and dates and types of sentencing and restitution. Defendant organization variables include ownership structure, number of owners and employees, highest level of corporate knowledge of the criminal offense, highest level of corporate indictment and conviction for participation in the criminal offense, annual revenue, equity and financial status, whether it was a criminal organization, duration of criminal activity, and risk to national security. Organizational defendants data, 2013, covers fiscal year October 1, 2012, through September 30, 2013.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Organizations Convicted in Federal Criminal Courts, 2012 (ICPSR 35344)
Released/updated on: 2014-11-25
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2011-10-01--2012-09-30
These data, collected to assist in the development of sentencing guidelines, describe offense and sentencing characteristics for organizations sentenced in federal district courts in 2012. The United States Sentencing Commission's primary function is to inform federal courts of sentencing policies and practices that include guidelines prescribing the appropriate form and severity of punishment for offenders convicted of federal crimes. Court-related variables include primary offense type, pecuniary offense loss and gain, dates of disposition and sentencing, method of determination of guilt, number of counts pled and charged, and dates and types of sentencing and restitution. Defendant organization variables include ownership structure, number of owners and employees, highest level of corporate knowledge of the criminal offense, highest level of corporate indictment and conviction for participation in the criminal offense, annual revenue, equity and financial status, whether it was a criminal organization, duration of criminal activity, and risk to national security. Organizational defendants data, 2012, covers fiscal year October 1, 2011, through September 30, 2012.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Organizations Convicted in Federal Criminal Courts, 2011 (ICPSR 35341)
Released/updated on: 2014-10-28
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2010-10-01--2011-09-30
These data, collected to assist in the development of sentencing guidelines, describe offense and sentencing characteristics for organizations sentenced in federal district courts in 2011. The United States Sentencing Commission's primary function is to inform federal courts of sentencing policies and practices that include guidelines prescribing the appropriate form and severity of punishment for offenders convicted of federal crimes. Court-related variables include primary offense type, pecuniary offense loss and gain, dates of disposition and sentencing, method of determination of guilt, number of counts pled and charged, and dates and types of sentencing and restitution. Defendant organization variables include ownership structure, number of owners and employees, highest level of corporate knowledge of the criminal offense, highest level of corporate indictment and conviction for participation in the criminal offense, annual revenue, equity and financial status, whether it was a criminal organization, duration of criminal activity, and risk to national security. Organizational defendants data, 2011, covers fiscal year October 1, 2010, through September 30, 2011.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
State Court Statistics, 2010 (ICPSR 34943)
Released/updated on: 2014-10-21
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2010-01-01--2010-12-31
This data collection provides comparable measures of state appellate and trial court caseloads by type of case for the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. Court caseloads are tabulated according to generic reporting categories developed by the Court Statistics Project (CSP) Committee of the Conference of State Court Administrators. These categories describe differences in the unit of count and the point of count when compiling each court's caseload. Major areas of investigation include (1) case filings in state appellate and trial courts, (2) case processing and dispositions in state appellate and trial courts, and (3) appellate opinions. The trial caseload consists of civil, domestic relations, criminal, juvenile, and traffic violation cases. The appellate caseload consists of appeal by right, appeal by permission, death penalty, and original proceeding/other appellate matter cases.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Organizations Convicted in Federal Criminal Courts, 2009 (ICPSR 28603)
Released/updated on: 2014-09-24
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2008-10-01--2009-09-30
These data, collected to assist in the development of sentencing guidelines, describe offense and sentencing characteristics for organizations sentenced in federal district courts in 2009. The United States Sentencing Commission's primary function is to inform federal courts of sentencing policies and practices that include guidelines prescribing the appropriate form and severity of punishment for offenders convicted of federal crimes. Court-related variables include primary offense type, pecuniary offense loss and gain, dates of disposition and sentencing, method of determination of guilt, number of counts pled and charged, and dates and types of sentencing and restitution. Defendant organization variables include ownership structure, number of owners and employees, highest level of corporate knowledge of the criminal offense, highest level of corporate indictment and conviction for participation in the criminal offense, annual revenue, equity and financial status, whether it was a criminal organization, duration of criminal activity, and risk to national security. Organizational defendants data, 2009, covers fiscal year October 1, 2008, through September 30, 2009.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Organizations Convicted in Federal Criminal Courts, 2010 (ICPSR 35338)
Released/updated on: 2014-09-24
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2009-10-01--2010-09-30
These data, collected to assist in the development of sentencing guidelines, describe offense and sentencing characteristics for organizations sentenced in federal district courts in 2010. The United States Sentencing Commission's primary function is to inform federal courts of sentencing policies and practices that include guidelines prescribing the appropriate form and severity of punishment for offenders convicted of federal crimes. Court-related variables include primary offense type, pecuniary offense loss and gain, dates of disposition and sentencing, method of determination of guilt, number of counts pled and charged, and dates and types of sentencing and restitution. Defendant organization variables include ownership structure, number of owners and employees, highest level of corporate knowledge of the criminal offense, highest level of corporate indictment and conviction for participation in the criminal offense, annual revenue, equity and financial status, whether it was a criminal organization, duration of criminal activity, and risk to national security. Organizational defendants data, 2010, covers fiscal year October 1, 2009, through September 30, 2010.
Curated
Organizations Convicted in Federal Criminal Courts, 2006 (ICPSR 20102)
Released/updated on: 2014-06-27
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2005-10-01--2006-09-30
These data, collected to assist in the development of sentencing guidelines, describe offense and sentencing characteristics for organizations sentenced in federal district courts in 2006. The United States Sentencing Commission's primary function is to inform federal courts of sentencing policies and practices that include guidelines prescribing the appropriate form and severity of punishment for offenders convicted of federal crimes. Court-related variables include primary offense type, pecuniary offense loss and gain, dates of disposition and sentencing, method of determination of guilt, number of counts pled and charged, and dates and types of sentencing and restitution. Defendant organization variables include ownership structure, number of owners and employees, highest level of corporate knowledge of the criminal offense, highest level of corporate indictment and conviction for participation in the criminal offense, annual revenue, equity and financial status, whether it was a criminal organization, duration of criminal activity, and risk to national security. Organizational defendants data, 2006, covers fiscal year October 1, 2005, through September 30, 2006. In 1999, the United States Sentencing Commission added more variables from its databases to this collection, so the data are now provided in two files. Several variables iterate to include multiple occurrences of the same event. Part 1, Main Data, includes all noniterating variables plus the first occurrence of each iterating variable. Over 99 percent of the valid data is captured in this variable for most sets of iterations. Part 2, Supplementary Data, includes the remaining iterations.
Curated
Organizations Convicted in Federal Criminal Courts, 2007 (ICPSR 22625)
Released/updated on: 2014-06-27
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2006-10-01--2007-09-30
These data, collected to assist in the development of
sentencing guidelines, describe offense and sentencing characteristics
for organizations sentenced in federal district courts in 2007. The
United States Sentencing Commission's primary function is to inform
federal courts of sentencing policies and practices that include
guidelines prescribing the appropriate form and severity of punishment
for offenders convicted of federal crimes. Court-related variables
include primary offense type, pecuniary offense loss and gain, dates
of disposition and sentencing, method of determination of guilt,
number of counts pled and charged, and dates and types of sentencing
and restitution. Defendant organization variables include ownership
structure, number of owners and employees, highest level of corporate
knowledge of the criminal offense, highest level of corporate
indictment and conviction for participation in the criminal offense,
annual revenue, equity and financial status, whether it was a criminal
organization, duration of criminal activity, and risk to national
security. Organizational defendants data, 2007, covers fiscal year
October 1, 2006, through September 30, 2007.
Curated
Organizations Convicted in Federal Criminal Courts, 1987-1998 (ICPSR 9513)
Released/updated on: 2014-06-27
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1987-10-01--1998-09-30
These data, collected to assist in the development of sentencing guidelines, describe offense and sentencing characteristics for organizations sentenced in federal district courts in 1987-1998. The United States Sentencing Commission's primary function is to inform federal courts of sentencing policies and practices that include guidelines prescribing the appropriate form and severity of punishment for offenders convicted of federal crimes. Court-related variables include primary offense type, pecuniary offense loss and gain, dates of disposition and sentencing, method of determination of guilt, number of counts pled and charged, and dates and types of sentencing and restitution. Defendant organization variables include ownership structure, number of owners and employees, highest level of corporate knowledge of the criminal offense, highest level of corporate indictment and conviction for participation in the criminal offense, annual revenue, equity and financial status of the defendant organization, whether it was a criminal organization, duration of criminal activity, and risk to national security. Part 1, Organizational Defendants Data, 1988, describes offense and sentencing characteristics for organizations sentenced in federal district courts in 1988. Part 2, Organizational Defendants Data, 1989-1990, is a compilation of offense and sentencing characteristics for the population of organizations sentenced in federal district courts during the period January 1, 1989, to June 30, 1990. Part 3, Statute Data, 1989-1990, is a secondary component of the Commission's study that includes only the statutes of conviction and number of counts per conviction, during the period January 1, 1989, to June 30, 1990. Part 4, Organizational Defendants Data, 1987-1993, includes all organizational defendants sentenced pursuant to the Chapter Two, Part R (1987) antitrust guidelines and the Chapter Eight (1991) sentencing guidelines for organizational defendants that were sentenced between November 1, 1987, through September 30, 1993, and were received by the Commission. Part 5, Organizational Defendants Data, 1994, gives information on organizational defendants sentenced during fiscal year October 1, 1993, through September 30, 1994, and includes culpability scores and Chapter Eight (1991) culpability scoring procedures. Part 6, Organizational Defendants Data, 1995, covers fiscal year October 1, 1994, through September 30, 1995, and also includes culpability scores and Chapter Eight (1991) culpability scoring procedures. This file includes nine defendants sentenced pursuant to Section 2R1.1 (1987) and 111 defendants sentenced pursuant to the Chapter Eight guidelines. Part 7, Organizational Defendants Data, 1996, covers fiscal year October 1, 1995, through September 30, 1996. This file includes nine defendants sentenced pursuant to Section 2R1.1 (1987) and 157 defendants sentenced pursuant to the Chapter Eight guidelines. Part 8, Organizational Defendants Data, 1997, covers fiscal year October 1, 1996, through September 30, 1997. This file includes two defendants sentenced pursuant to Section 2R1.1 (1987) and 220 defendants sentenced pursuant to the Chapter Eight guidelines. Part 9, Organizational Defendants Data, 1998, covers fiscal year October 1, 1997, through September 30, 1998. This file includes one defendant sentenced pursuant to Section 2R1.1 (1987) and 218 defendants sentenced pursuant to the Chapter Eight guidelines, and one defendant for which complete guideline application information was not received. The database does not include organizational defendants sentenced pursuant to pre-guideline procedures.
Curated
Organizations Convicted in Federal Criminal Courts, 2008 (ICPSR 25426)
Released/updated on: 2014-06-27
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2007-10-01--2008-09-30
These data, collected to assist in the development of sentencing guidelines, describe offense and sentencing characteristics for organizations sentenced in federal district courts in 2008. The United States Sentencing Commission's primary function is to inform federal courts of sentencing policies and practices that include guidelines prescribing the appropriate form and severity of punishment for offenders convicted of federal crimes. Court-related variables include primary offense type, pecuniary offense loss and gain, dates of disposition and sentencing, method of determination of guilt, number of counts pled and charged, and dates and types of sentencing and restitution. Defendant organization variables include ownership structure, number of owners and employees, highest level of corporate knowledge of the criminal offense, highest level of corporate indictment and conviction for participation in the criminal offense, annual revenue, equity and financial status, whether it was a criminal organization, duration of criminal activity, and risk to national security. Organizational defendants data, 2008, covers fiscal year October 1, 2007, through September 30, 2008.
Curated
Organizations Convicted in Federal Criminal Courts, 1999 (ICPSR 3104)
Released/updated on: 2014-06-27
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1998-10-01--1999-09-30
These data, collected to assist in the development of sentencing guidelines, describe offense and sentencing characteristics for organizations sentenced in federal district courts in 1999. The United States Sentencing Commission's primary function is to inform federal courts of sentencing policies and practices that include guidelines prescribing the appropriate form and severity of punishment for offenders convicted of federal crimes. Court-related variables include primary offense type, pecuniary offense loss and gain, dates of disposition and sentencing, method of determination of guilt, number of counts pled and charged, and dates and types of sentencing and restitution. Defendant organization variables include ownership structure, number of owners and employees, highest level of corporate knowledge of the criminal offense, highest level of corporate indictment and conviction for participation in the criminal offense, annual revenue, equity and financial status of the defendant organization, whether it was a criminal organization, duration of criminal activity, and risk to national security. Organizational Defendants Data, 1999, covers fiscal year October 1, 1998, through September 30, 1999.