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Curated

2015 U.S. Transgender Survey (USTS) (ICPSR 37229)

Released/updated on: 2019-05-22
Geographic coverage: United States

The 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey (USTS) was conducted by the National Center for Transgender Equality (NCTE) to examine the experiences of transgender adults in the United States. The USTS questionnaire was administered online and data were collected over a 34-day period in the summer of 2015, between August 19 and September 21. The final sample included respondents from all fifty states, the District of Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, and U.S. military bases overseas. The USTS Public Use Dataset (PUDS) features survey results from 27,715 respondents and details the experiences of transgender people across a wide range of areas, such as education, employment, family life, health, housing, and interactions with police and prisons.

The survey instrument had thirty-two sections that covered a broad array of topics, including questions related to the following topics (in alphabetical order): accessing restrooms; airport security; civic participation; counseling; family and peer support; health and health insurance; HIV; housing and homelessness; identity documents; immigration; intimate partner violence; military service; police and incarceration; policy priorities; public accommodations; sex work; sexual assault; substance use; suicidal thoughts and behaviors; unequal treatment, harassment, and physical attack; and voting.

Demographic information includes age, racial and ethnic identity, sex assigned at birth, gender and preferred pronouns, sexual orientation, language(s) spoken at home, education, employment, income, religion/spirituality, and marital status.

There are no publicly available data files for this study. The naming conventions were maintained from the original pre-ICPSR release and the PUDS file is restricted use along with the qualitative data (MS Excel) file.

Before applying for access to these data please refer to the Approved Requests for USTS Data. These abstracts describe work currently in progress, and we provide them to help reduce the risk of duplication of research efforts.

Curated
Partially restricted
Simple Crosstabs

21st Century Americanism: Nationally Representative Survey of the United States Population, 2004 (ICPSR 27601)

Released/updated on: 2015-04-02
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2004-07-12--2004-10-08
The 21st Century Americanism survey was conducted to study (1) the multidimensional nature of American identity ("Americanism"); (2) resentment among Whites toward immigrants, Latinos, and Asians, fueled by perceptions that these groups violate the cherished norms that constitute American identity ("symbolic nativism"); (3) how perceptions of discrimination affect the process of "becoming American" among ethnic minorities ("reactive ethnicity"); and (4) the relationships among these issues and public opinion on policies that address ethnic change. The data collection began in July 2004 and was completed by October 2004. This nationally representative random-digit dial telephone survey has 2,800 respondents and includes oversamples of Blacks, Latinos, and Asians in the United States. It contains questions that allow for the examination of the causes and consequences of two facets of American identity: (1) how people define the normative content of American identity ("identity content"); and (2) the extent to which people think of themselves primarily as American rather than primarily as a member of a pan-ethnic (i.e., Latino or Asian) or national origin group ("identity attachment"). The survey can be used to test hypotheses regarding whether the alleged traditional consensus on what it means to be American is breaking down, or whether people are increasingly rejecting an American identity and instead prioritizing pan-ethnic or national origin identities. It can also be used to examine how these aspects of one's identity affect political attitudes and behaviors, such as trust in government, voting, and one's sense of obligation to the national community. Demographic variables include gender, age, country of origin, United States citizenship status, race, Hispanic origin, and language and educational attainment. Variables focusing on economic characteristics include employment status and household income.
Curated

ABC News September 11th Adult Poll, September 2002 (ICPSR 3553)

Released/updated on: 2005-12-15
Geographic coverage: United States
This special topic poll, conducted September 5-8, 2002, was undertaken to assess respondents' feelings a few days before the first anniversary of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attack, as well as to gauge their opinions on the way the United States was dealing with the war on terrorism. Those polled described their feelings both right after the September 11th attack and one year later. They were asked what they were doing when they first heard about the attacks, whether they had problems sleeping or felt depressed because of terrorist attacks and the war against terrorism, whether they planned to change their normal routines on the first anniversary of the September 11th attack, whether the terrorist attacks changed their country and their personal lives, whether they became suspicious of people of Arab descent, and whether they felt that they personally could be victims of a terrorist attack. Another subject of this survey was the war on terrorism. Respondents commented on the way the United States was handling the campaign against terror, rated the president's performance and that of other officials/institutions/organizations that were dealing with the events of September 11th and the war on terrorism, and indicated whether they thought the campaign against terror was going well in general. They also identified countries that did "enough or not enough" to support the United States campaign against terrorism, and evaluated the job done by the United States in terms of preventing further terrorist attacks, breaking up the al Qaeda network, improving United States intelligence, and reorganizing government agencies. Respondents provided their views on whether the United States was doing enough in its anti-terrorism campaign to win the support of other countries and Muslims around the world, whether the anti-terrorism activities of the federal government were posing a threat to their constitutional rights, and whether the Bush administration was accurately describing the level of threat the country was facing from terrorism. With regard to Osama bin Laden, respondents were asked how confident they were that the United States would capture or kill Osama bin Laden and if the war on terrorism could be a success without capturing or killing him. Those polled expressed their concerns about the possibility of further terrorist attacks, and their confidence in the ability of the United States government to prevent them. Some questions focused on flying, including whether respondents had flown on a commercial airplane after September 11, 2001, whether they worried about flying because of the risk of terrorism, and whether airport security was better than before September 11, 2001. Additionally, respondents were asked whether terrorism or the economy was a bigger problem, whether they were optimistic or pessimistic about the future of their country, whether spending time with their families was important to them, how proud they were to be Americans, whether they were displaying an American flag, and if so, when they started doing that. Background information on respondents includes gender, age, education, religion and religiosity, political party affiliation, political orientation, race, Hispanic origin, children under age 18 living at home, and subjective size of community.
Curated

ABC News September 11th Teen Poll, August 2002 (ICPSR 3561)

Released/updated on: 2005-12-15
Geographic coverage: United States
This special topic poll, conducted August 25-28, 2002, was undertaken to assess opinions of teens about the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. Teens were asked whether they were optimistic or pessimistic about the future of the country, whether they were optimistic or pessimistic about their personal future, how proud they were to be an American, what they planned to do after high school, how involved they felt their parents or guardians were in their lives, how much stress they had in their lives, whether they felt depressed, and how safe they felt in their day-to-day lives. They were also asked how safe they would feel flying in an airplane, being in a tall building, being in a big city, or being in a crowded place. Other survey questions queried the teen respondents about how often they thought about the terrorist attacks that took place in New York and Washington, DC, on September 11, 2001, whether their lives had changed since then, and whether they had made any changes in their personal plans for the future because of the attacks. Respondents were also asked if their parents had made any new rules about where they were allowed to go, whether they had to check in with their parents, whether they felt they knew how their parents felt about what happened September 11, 2001, and whether they felt the same way about the attacks as their parents. Teens were also asked if, right after the attacks, they had felt frightened about what happened, scared that there might be more terrorist attacks, worried about their own personal safety, worried about the safety of any friends or relatives, confused about who would do this and why, angry at the people who had perpetrated the attacks, or confident that the United States would handle the problem, and whether they continued to feel those things now. Additional questions probed for whether they had trouble sleeping right after the attacks or trouble now, whether they felt they had a good basic understanding of Islam, and whether they had heard any other kids or adults say prejudiced things about Muslims, Arabs, or Arab-Americans. Background information on respondents includes age, gender, education, and whether they lived in a large city, suburb, small town, or rural area.
Curated

ABC News/Washington Post Race and Crime Poll, June 1997 (ICPSR 2492)

Released/updated on: 2007-12-20
Geographic coverage: United States
This special topic poll sought respondents' views on the presidency, crime in the United States, and race relations. Respondents were asked for their opinions on President Bill Clinton and his handling of the presidency and race relations, whether he had a clear vision for the country, whether he was honest and in possession of moral and ethical standards, whether he was innovative and committed to his beliefs, and whether he understood the needs of the American people. Those queried were asked what they felt were the greatest problems facing the United States today, specifically with respect to crime. Respondents were asked to assess the rate of crime in the country and in their communities, their personal safety, their fear of becoming a victim of violent crime, and their personal experiences with crime. On the topic of race relations, respondents were asked for their opinions on the past and future trends of the Clinton administration in handling race issues. They were asked to assess race relations in the United States, and to comment on whether they believed that Blacks were still discriminated against, and whether preferences in college admissions for minorities should still exist. A series of questions covered the role of race in network entertainment programs. Topics covered the impact of programs whose main characters were primarily of one race, the frequency of such programs, and the impact of programs in which the cast was a mix of people of different races. Finally, respondents were asked if they had close friends of another race, and whether they had either brought that friend to their home or been a guest at the friend's home. Background information on respondents includes age, race, sex, ethnicity, education, political party, political orientation, family income, and demographics of area of residence.
Curated

Access to Justice in Ontario, 1985-1988 (ICPSR 9729)

Released/updated on: 1999-11-19
Geographic coverage: Canada, Ontario, Global
Time period: 1985-01-01--1988-01-01
This data collection, which was designed to assess experiences with the Ontario, Canada, civil justice system, is a replication and extension of a survey conducted by the Civil Litigation Research Project at the University of Wisconsin. Interviews were conducted with the heads of households. Questions were asked about the nature of the problem, e.g., auto accident, work injury, discrimination, problems with landlord, violations of privacy, or victimization. Questions were also asked about actions taken in response to the problem, such as whether a lawyer was contacted, reasons for not contacting a lawyer, whether non-lawyer assistance was sought, whether a claim was made, and reasons for not making a claim. Finally, questions were asked about the household's experience with the Ontario justice system if a claim was made, including whether there was a trial or a hearing, how much the lawyer charged, evaluation of the result, satisfaction with the result, evaluation of the cost, perceived delay, agreement reached, and compensation awarded. Major demographic variables include age, occupation, number of persons in household, language, ethnic background, religion, education, and family income.
Curated

Adaptation Process of Cuban and Mexican Immigrants in the United States, 1972-1979 (ICPSR 9672)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1972-01-01--1979-01-01
For this data collection, Cuban and Mexican male immigrants were interviewed upon their entry into the United States in 1973-1974, with follow-up interviews in 1976 and 1979. The project sought to explore the causes and results of changes that occur following immigration by examining the complex interrelationships between the effects of what immigrants "bring with them" and the social and economic context that receives them. The first interview elicited demographic information such as marital status, number of children, education, parental information, present and prior occupations, date and community of birth, prior residency in the United States, present residency, relatives and friends in the United States, religious practices, and association membership. Respondents were also asked about their reasons for coming to the United States, plans to change residency, perceptions of discrimination in the United States, and aspirations concerning future occupations, salaries, education, and opportunities to reach their goals. Subsequent interviews expanded upon or recorded changes in these areas and also added wife's information and items on perceptions of problems in the United States, ethnicity of social relationships and neighborhood, satisfaction with living in the United States, plans to return to their homeland, languages spoken, read, and listened to, whether residence was owned or rented, and whether respondent had become a United States citizen. The study also recorded Duncan Scores, Treiman Scores, and scores on the Kahl Modernity Index, Knowledge of English Index, and Knowledge of U.S. Index.
Curated

Afrobarometer Round 4: The Quality of Democracy and Governance in Madagascar, 2008 (ICPSR 34004)

Released/updated on: 2012-08-06
Geographic coverage: Africa, Madagascar, Global, Sub-Saharan Africa
Time period: 2008-06-01--2008-07-01
The Afrobarometer project was designed to collect and disseminate information regarding Africans' views on democracy, governance, economic reform, civil society, and quality of life. This particular survey was concerned with the attitudes and opinions of the citizens of Madagascar. Respondents in a face-to-face interview were asked to rate their president and the president's administration in overall performance, to state the most important issues facing their nation, and to evaluate the effectiveness of certain continental and international institutions. Opinions were gathered on the role of the government in improving the economy, whether corruption existed in local and national government, whether government officials were responsive to problems of the general population, and whether local government officials, the police, the courts, the overall criminal justice system, the National Electoral Commission, and the government broadcasting service could be trusted. Respondents were polled on their knowledge of the government, including the identification of government officials, their level of personal involvement in political, governmental, and community affairs, their participation in national elections, and the inclusiveness of the government. Economic questions addressed the past, present, and future of the country's and the respondents' economic conditions, and respondents' living conditions. Additional topics included discrimination and the caste system. Background variables include age, gender, ethnicity, education, religious affiliation and participation, political party affiliation, language spoken most at home, whether the respondent was the head of household, current and past employment status, whether a close friend or relative had died from AIDS, and language used in interview. In addition, the interviewer's gender, race, and education level is provided.
Curated

Afrobarometer Round 4: The Quality of Democracy and Governance in Senegal, 2008 (ICPSR 34010)

Released/updated on: 2012-08-02
Geographic coverage: Senegal, Africa, Global, Sub-Saharan Africa
Time period: 2008-05-01--2008-06-01
The Afrobarometer project was designed to collect and disseminate information regarding Africans' views on democracy, governance, economic reform, civil society, and quality of life. This particular survey was concerned with the attitudes and opinions of the citizens of Senegal. Respondents in a face-to-face interview were asked to rate their president and the president's administration in overall performance, to state the most important issues facing their nation, and to evaluate the effectiveness of certain continental and international institutions. Opinions were gathered on the role of the government in improving the economy, whether corruption existed in local and national government, whether government officials were responsive to problems of the general population, and whether local government officials, the police, the courts, the overall criminal justice system, the National Electoral Commission, and the government broadcasting service could be trusted. Respondents were polled on their knowledge of the government, including the identification of government officials, their level of personal involvement in political, governmental, and community affairs, their participation in national elections, and the inclusiveness of the government. Economic questions addressed the past, present, and future of the country's and the respondents' economic conditions, and respondents' living conditions. Additional topics included whether the president should be able to influence the choice of his successor, land management, the construction and equipping of schools and health facilities, the provision of drinkable water, support for cultural and youth activities, conflict resolution between government and citizens, support for agriculture, and contribution to activities initiated by local council. Background variables include age, gender, ethnicity, education, religious affiliation and participation, political party affiliation, language spoken most at home, whether the respondent was the head of household, current and past employment status, whether a close friend or relative had died from AIDS, and language used in interview. In addition, the interviewer's gender, race, and education level is provided.
Curated

American National Election Studies: Evaluations of Government and Society Study 1 (EGSS 1), 2010-2012 (ICPSR 32701)

Released/updated on: 2012-03-19
Geographic coverage: United States
The American National Election Studies: Evaluations of Government and Society Study 1 (EGSS 1), 2010-2012, is a series of relatively small, short, cross-sectional studies of the American electorate. Its chief aims are to measure public opinion well in advance of the 2012 election and to pilot test new instrumentation. Survey questions for the EGSS mainly come from the public proposal process on the American National Election Studies Online Commons. Topics include vote choice, Tea Party support, interest in politics, attitudes toward political parties, candidates, and Obama, political participation and knowledge, tax policy, racial attitudes, and the war in Afghanistan. Data collection is on the Internet using nationally representative probability samples. EGSS is not a panel design; different respondents complete each survey. Demographic information includes sex, age, race, education, employment status, occupation, household income, household size, household type, marital status, religious preferences, religiosity, political party affiliation, political philosophy, and whether respondent is a citizen of the United States.
Curated

American National Election Study: 2016 Pilot Study (ICPSR 36390)

Released/updated on: 2016-03-16
Geographic coverage: United States

These data are being released as a preliminary version to facilitate early access to the study for research purposes. This collection has not been fully processed by ICPSR at this time, and data are released in the format provided by the principal investigators. As the study is processed and given enhanced features by ICPSR in the future, users will be able to download the updated versions of the study. Please report any data errors or problems to user support, and we will work with you to resolve any data-related issues.

The American National Election Study (ANES): 2016 Pilot Study sought to test new instrumentation under consideration for potential inclusion in the ANES 2016 Time Series Study, as well as future ANES studies. Much of the content is based on proposals from the ANES user community submitted through the Online Commons page, found on the ANES home page. The survey included questions about preferences in the presidential primary, stereotyping, the economy, discrimination, race and racial consciousness, police use of force, and numerous policy issues, such as immigration law, health insurance, and federal spending. It was conducted on the Internet using the YouGov panel, an international market research firm that administers polls that collect information about politics, public affairs, products, brands, as well as other topics of general interest.

Curated
Partially restricted
Simple Crosstabs

Americans' Changing Lives: Waves I, II, III, IV, V, and VI, 1986, 1989, 1994, 2002, 2011, and 2021 (ICPSR 4690)

Released/updated on: 2024-12-12
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1986-01-01--2021-01-01

The Americans' Changing Lives (ACL) survey series is an ongoing, nationally representative, longitudinal study focusing especially on differences between Black and White Americans in middle and late life. These data constitute the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth waves in a panel survey covering a wide range of sociological, psychological, mental, and physical health items. Wave I of the study began in 1986 with a nation face-to-face survey of 3,617 adults ages 25 and up, with Black Americans and people aged 60 and over over-sampled at twice the rate of the others. Wave II constitutes face-to-face re-interviews in 1989 of those still alive. Survivors have been re-interviewed by telephone, and when necessary face-to-face, in 1994 (Wave III), 2001/02 (Wave IV), 2011 (Wave V), and 2019/21 (Wave VI).

Please note that for Wave VI, the majority of data collection occurred in 2019, with only a small subset (n=39) of participants surveyed in 2021.

ACL was designed and sought to investigate the following: (1) The ways in which a wide range of activities and social relationships that people engage in are broadly "productive," (2) how individuals adapt to acute life events and chronic stresses that threaten the maintenance of health, effective functioning, and productive activity, and (3) sociocultural variations in the nature, meaning, determinants, and consequences of productive activity and relationships. Among the topics covered are interpersonal relationships (spouse/partner, children, parents, friends), sources and levels of satisfaction, social interactions and leisure activities, traumatic life events (physical assault, serious illness, divorce, death of a loved one, financial or legal problems), perceptions of retirement, health behaviors (smoking, alcohol consumption, overweight, rest), and utilization of health care services (doctor visits, hospitalization, nursing home institutionalization, bed days). Also included are measures of physical health, psychological well-being, and indices referring to cognitive functioning.

Demographic information provided for individuals includes household composition, number of children and grandchildren, employment status, occupation and work history, income, family financial situation, religious beliefs and practices, ethnicity, race, education, sex, and region of residence.

Curated
Simple Crosstabs

ANES 2016 Time Series Study (ICPSR 36824)

Released/updated on: 2017-09-19
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2016-09-01--2017-01-01

This study is part of the American National Election Study (ANES), a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1948. The American National Election Studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. As with all Time Series studies conducted during years of presidential elections, respondents were interviewed during the two months preceding the November election (Pre-election interview), and then re-interviewed during the two months following the election (Post-election interview). Like its predecessors, the 2016 ANES was divided between questions necessary for tracking long-term trends and questions necessary to understand the particular political moment of 2016. The study maintains and extends the ANES time-series 'core' by collecting data on Americans' basic political beliefs, allegiances, and behaviors, which are so critical to a general understanding of politics that they are monitored at every election, no matter the nature of the specific campaign or the broader setting. This 2016 ANES study features a dual-mode design with both traditional face-to-face interviewing (n=1,181) and surveys conducted on the Internet (n=3,090), and a total sample size of 4,271. In addition to content on electoral participation, voting behavior, and public opinion, the 2016 ANES Time Series Study contains questions about areas such as media exposure, cognitive style, and values and predispositions. Several items first measured on the 2012 ANES study were again asked, including "Big Five" personality traits using the Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI), and skin tone observations made by interviewers in the face-to-face study. For the first time, ANES has collected supplemental data directly from respondents' Facebook accounts. The post-election interview also included Module 5 from the Comparative Study of Electorial Systems (CSES), exploring themes in populism, perceptions on elites, corruption, and attitudes towards representative democracy. Face-to-face interviews were conducted by trained interviewers using computer assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) software on laptop computers. During a portion of the face-to-face interview, the respondent answered certain sensitive questions on the laptop computer directly, without the interviewer's participation (known as computer assisted self-interviewing (CASI)). Internet questionnaires could be completed anywhere the respondent had access to the Internet, on a computer or on a mobile device. Respondents were only eligible to compete the survey in the mode for which they were sampled. Demographic variables include respondent age, education level, political affiliation, race/ethnicity, marital status, and family composition.

Curated

Assessing Consistency and Fairness in Sentencing in Michigan, Minnesota, and Virginia, 2001-2002, 2004 (ICPSR 22642)

Released/updated on: 2009-11-30
Geographic coverage: United States, Minnesota, Virginia, Michigan
Time period: 2001-07-01--2002-06-30, 2001-07-01--2002-06-30
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the integrity of sentencing outcomes under alternative state guideline systems and to investigate how this variation in structure impacted actual sentencing practice. The research team sought to address the question, to what extent do sentencing guidelines contribute to the goals of consistency, proportionality, and a lack of discrimination. The National Center for State Courts conducted an examination of sentencing patterns in three states with substantially different guidelines systems: Minnesota, Michigan, and Virginia. The three states vary along critical dimensions of the presumptive versus voluntary nature of guidelines as well as basic mechanics. There are differences in the formal design, administration, and statutory framework of the Michigan, Minnesota, and Virginia sentencing systems. For the 2004 Michigan Sentencing Outcomes Data (Part 1), the Michigan Department of Corrections Offender Management Network Information System (OMNI) provided sentencing guideline data for 32,754 individual offenders sentenced during calendar year 2004. For the 2002 Minnesota Sentencing Outcomes Data (Part 2), the Minnesota Sentencing Commission provided data for 12,978 individual offenders sentenced in calendar year 2002. The Virginia Sentencing Commission provided the Fiscal Year 2002 Virginia Assault Sentencing Outcomes Data (Part 3) and the Fiscal Year 2002 Virginia Burglary Sentencing Outcomes Data (Part 4). The Assault and Burglary/Dwelling crime groups have 1,614 and 1,743 observations, respectively. Variables in the four datasets are classified into the broad categories of conviction offense severity, prior record, offense seriousness, grid cell type, habitual/modifiers, departure, and extra guideline variables.
Curated

Assessing the Consequences of Politicized Confirmation Processes, 2005-2006 (ICPSR 31841)

Released/updated on: 2011-10-13
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2005-05-16--2005-07-19, 2006-01-19--2006-02-13, 2006-05-24--2006-06-21
The data collection represents a loose collaboration between Georgetown University's Center for Democracy and Civil Society (CDACS) and the European Social Survey (ESS). These data contain responses from three separate interviews referred to as Wave One (t1), Wave Two (t2), and Wave Three (t3). Wave One data are from the United States Citizenship, Involvement, Democracy (CID) Survey, and consisted of in-person interviews with a representative sample of 1,001 Americans. The CID survey is a study of American civic engagement, social capital, and democracy in comparative perspective, and it provides perspective on citizen participation in both the public and private realms. The CID survey is integrated with several elements of a module from the 2002 version of the ESS, which was administered in 22 European countries. In addition to the replicated questions from the ESS, the CID survey includes questions related to the themes of social capital, activities in formal clubs and organizations, informal social networks and activities, personal networks (strong and weak ties), the composition and diversity of ties and associations, trust (in other people, the community, institutions, and politicians), local democracy and participation, democratic values, political citizenship, social citizenship, views on immigration and diversity, political identifications, ideology, mobilization and action, and tolerance (concerning views and attitudes, least-likes groups, and racial stereotypes). Wave Two data was collected during the Alito Confirmation Process through re-interviews via telephone of 335 respondents who had completed the 2005 (Wave One) survey. Wave Three data was obtained after the Alito Confirmation Process, comprising re-interviews via telephone of 259 individuals who particpated in Wave Two. Both Wave Two and Wave Three included questions regarding respondents' political affiliations, views on politics and social issues, and trust in groups of people and institutions. In addition the survey queried respondents concerning their knowledge and opinion of the United States Supreme Court and Congress, Supreme Court judges, the confirmation of Samuel Alito to the Supreme Court, as well as advertisements about the process, and their opinion on the rulings of the Supreme Court. Demographic variables include: Wave One - age, gender, race, marital status, religious affilitation and participation, highest level of education (respondent and respondent's partner), employment status (respondent and respondent's partner), income, nationality, and citizenship; Wave Two - has no demographic variables; Wave Three - age, gender, race, and religious affiliation and participation. Also included are attributes of the interviewer and interviewer observations.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs

The Attack on America and Civil Liberties Trade-Offs: A Three-Wave National Panel Survey, 2001-2004 (ICPSR 36371)

Released/updated on: 2017-10-13
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2001-01-01--2004-01-01
The Attack on America and Civil Liberties Trade Offs survey is a three-wave national panel survey study that was designed to examine the relationship between fear of terrorism, trust in the government, and the willingness to exchange civil liberties for greater personal security and safety in the aftermath of the 2001 September 11 attacks. Respondents were asked about their opinions on the causes of terrorism against the United States, trust in the government, feelings about different groups of people, and various situations involving civil liberties. Demographic information collected include respondent age, gender, race, educational background, religion, and political affiliation.
Curated
Partially restricted

Beliefs About Social Stratification, 1980: [United States] (ICPSR 8702)

Released/updated on: 2001-02-01
Geographic coverage: United States
The purpose of this study was to describe and test hypotheses about Americans' beliefs regarding inequality. The survey investigated beliefs about causes of wealth and poverty, opportunity, and inequality, plus perceptions of fairness and the necessity of income inequality. Included in the survey were questions on self-perceived social class (poor, working, middle, upper-middle, upper), beliefs about differences between social classes, attitudes toward different social classes, and beliefs about discrimination against Blacks, other minorities, and women. The survey also collected information on political preferences, employment, marital status, educational attainment, religion, religiosity, age, sex, income, and satisfaction with life in general.
Curated
Restricted

Case Processing in the New York County District Attorney's Office, New York City, 2010-2011 (ICPSR 34681)

Released/updated on: 2020-09-22
Geographic coverage: New York City, New York County, New York (state), Manhattan (New York City)
Time period: 2010-01-01--2011-01-01, 2012-08-13--2012-08-22

These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed.

This project sought to study the District Attorney of New York's (DANY) current practices by addressing the complex relationship between prosecutorial decision making and racial and ethnic justice in felony and misdemeanor cases closed in New York County in 2010-2011. Using a mixed-methods approach, administrative records from the DANY case-management systems and prosecutorial interviews were examined to study case acceptance for prosecution, pretrial detention and bail determination, case dismissal, plea offers, and sentencing. Researchers developed five hypotheses for the data collected:

  1. Blacks and Latinos are more likely to have their cases accepted for prosecution than similarly situated white defendants.
  2. Blacks and Latinos are more likely to be held in pretrial detention and less likely to be released on bail.
  3. Blacks and Latinos are less likely to have cases dismissed.
  4. Blacks and Latinos are less likely to receive a plea offer to a lesser charge and more likely to receive custodial sentence offers.
  5. Blacks and Latinos are more likely to be sentenced to custodial punishments.

All criminal activity of the defendant was examined, as well as their demographics and prior history, the location of the crime. Information on the Assistant District Attorney (ADA) was examined as well, including their demographics and caseload in order to more thoroughly understand the catalysts and trends in decision making.

Curated

CBS News/New York Times Clarence Thomas Nomination Poll, September-October 1991 (ICPSR 9781)

Released/updated on: 2009-06-02
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1991-09-01--1991-10-01
This data collection consists of a series of surveys focused primarily on issues related to the nomination of Clarence Thomas to the Supreme Court, both before and after charges of sexual harassment were brought against Thomas by former aide Anita Hill. The September 3-5 Poll included queries regarding the respondent's opinion of Clarence Thomas, such as whether the Senate should vote to confirm Thomas, whether the Supreme Court would become more liberal or conservative if Thomas's appointment was confirmed by the Senate, and whether Bush nominated Thomas because he is Black. Additional questions included whether Thomas's decisions as a Supreme Court justice would be impacted because he is Black, whether Thomas was "turning his back on his own people" by not taking a liberal position on affirmative action, and whether his opposition to most forms of affirmative action made respondents feel more or less favorable toward him. Questions concerning the confirmation of Supreme Court nominees included whether the Senate should consider how a nominee might vote on major issues, whether a nominee's personal history and character should be considered, and whether endorsements by groups such as the NAACP or the U.S. Chamber of Commerce should be considered. Other topics covered in the September 3-5 Poll included the Bush presidency, job discrimination against Blacks and women, welfare, and abortion. The October 9 Panel Survey focused on issues relative to the charges of sexual harassment brought against Clarence Thomas by Anita Hill, including whether the respondent thought the charges were true, whether the Senate treated the charges as seriously as they should have when the charges were first made, if the presence of more women in the Senate would have caused the Senate to consider the charges more seriously, whether Thomas should be confirmed if the charges are true, and whether it was proper for the Senate to delay its vote on Thomas' confirmation in order to hear more testimony regarding the charges. Additionally, female respondents were asked if they had ever experienced sexual harassment on the job and male respondents were asked if their behavior at the workplace had ever been interpreted as sexual harassment by a female co-worker. Respondents were also asked whether sexual harassment could include unwanted sexual conversations without physical contact. The October 13 Panel Survey posed new questions, including the respondent's opinion of Anita Hill, if the respondent watched the live broadcast of the Senate Judiciary Committee hearings and whose testimony they watched more, whether Hill and Thomas had been treated fairly in the hearings, whether Thomas and Hill had told the entire truth in their testimonies, and whether the respondent believed Hill or Thomas more. Additional questions focused on whether the Senate Judiciary Committee had been tougher or easier on Thomas because he is Black, whether the questions and testimony had been appropriate for a public hearing, whether Thomas should take a lie detector test because Anita Hill had done so, and if any good came from having the hearings. The October 14 Panel Survey addressed new questions, including whether Thomas should be confirmed if there is doubt about whether the charges are true, whether the Senate Judiciary Committee made progress in clearing up the charges, and if women would be more or less willing to report incidents of sexual harassment as a result of the hearings.
Curated

CBS News/New York Times Monthly Poll, July 2009 (ICPSR 27802)

Released/updated on: 2010-04-12
Geographic coverage: United States
This poll, fielded July 24-28, 2009, is a part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Respondents were asked whether they approved of the way Barack Obama was handling the presidency and issues such as foreign policy and health care. Opinions were solicited about the most important problem facing the country, whether the country was moving in the right direction, the condition of the national economy, and the Republican and Democratic parties. Respondents were asked about the federal government's stimulus package, including its effect on the creation of new jobs, the federal budget deficit, and the national and local economy. A series of questions addressed the health care system in the United States, whether respondents thought they would benefit from the health care legislation under consideration in Congress, the effects of this legislation on the federal budget deficit and the economy, and the likelihood that a health care reform bill would be signed into law by the end of the year. Views were sought on specific health care reform proposals, such as taxing employer-paid health insurance benefits, raising taxes on Americans with high incomes, and requiring health insurance companies to provide coverage regardless of pre-existing medical conditions. Respondents were also polled on whether they believed it was the federal government's responsibility to guarantee health insurance for all Americans and the possible effects of a government-created universal health care system on the quality of health care, health care costs, taxes, jobs, and the number of uninsured Americans. Information was collected on the financial situation of the respondent's household, whether they had health insurance coverage, the source of their insurance coverage, and the affordability of basic medical care under their health insurance plan. Additional topics addressed police treatment of minorities, the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, and whether women should be allowed to participate in military combat and serve in combat zones. Demographic variables include sex, age, race, education level, marital status, household income, employment status, political party affiliation, political philosophy, voter registration status and participation history, religious preference, the presence of adults between the ages of 18 and 29 in the household, whether respondents had a child under the age of 18 years, and whether they considered themselves to be a born-again Christian.
Curated

CBS News/New York Times Polls, 1977-1978 (ICPSR 7818)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1977-01-01--1978-01-01
This study is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. With the exception of Part 8, June 1978 Poll -- California Sample, (for which there was no national sample), each data file in this collection represents a distinct nationwide survey that was conducted during 1977-1978. Approximately 1,000-1,500 randomly selected adults were surveyed by telephone in each poll. Respondents were asked to give their opinions of President Jimmy Carter and his handling of the presidency, foreign affairs, and the economy, as well as their views on a range of current social and economic issues such as crime, police behavior, discrimination, and working women. In addition, the July 1977 Energy Poll (Part 3) focused specifically on energy problems, exploring respondents' perceptions of the seriousness of energy shortages and who or what may have been responsible, their reactions to President Carter's proposals calling for conservation and sacrifice, and whether or not their own energy usage behavior was likely to change, particularly with regard to home heating and automobile use. The October 1977 Poll (Part 4) covered topics such as the Panama Canal treaty, the ongoing conflict in the Middle East, changing lifestyles, and the impact of the women's movement on family life. The February 1978 Poll (Part 6) dealt with the attitudes of Blacks and Whites on racial issues. Topics covered included police harassment, urban poverty, racial disturbances, segregation in neighborhoods and schools, and the portrayal of Black Americans on television. In addition to asking respondents about the efforts of Egypt and Israel to negotiate a peace agreement, the April 1978 Poll (Part 7) also covered current national issues such as inflation, unemployment, energy prices, and personal savings. California's Proposition 13 was the primary subject of the poll in Part 8, June 1978 Poll -- California Sample. Other topics included arms limitation talks between the United States and the Soviet Union, and United States' potential intervention in Africa. Background information on respondents includes voter participation history, political party affiliation, political orientation, age, sex, race, religion, education, employment, household income, and participation in labor unions.
Curated

CBS News/Vanity Fair Monthly Poll #3, August 2010 (ICPSR 32504)

Released/updated on: 2012-03-09
Geographic coverage: New York City, United States, New York (state)
This poll, fielded August 27-31, 2010, solicited New York City residents' opinion on Michael Bloomberg's job as mayor, the most important problem facing New York City, David Paterson's handling of his job as governor, and whether they approved or disapproved of the way Barack Obama was handling his job as president. They were also queried on whether they heard about the plan to build a mosque and Islamic community center two blocks from Ground Zero of the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center, whether they favored or opposed the building of the mosque, whether they thought people should have the right to build a house of worship near Ground Zero, and whether they thought people should have the right to build a mosque near Ground Zero. Opinions were sought on New York Congressman Charles Rangel, whether they were familiar with the accusations associated with Rangel, how much truth there were to these accusations, what they thought Rangel should do going forward, and whether Rangel had higher or lower ethical standards compared to others in the Congress. They were asked whether they thought Arab Americans, Muslims, and immigrants from the Middle East were being singled out unfairly by people in this country, whether people they know had negative feelings towards Muslims because of the attack on the World Trade Center, whether respondents had any negative feelings towards Muslims because of the attack on the World Trade Center, whether they thought Muslim Americans are more sympathetic to terrorists, and whether they ever visited a mosque. Demographic information includes sex, age, race, education level, household income, marital status, religious preference, type of residential area (e.g., urban or rural), political party affiliation, political philosophy, religiosity, whether participant was living in New York City on September 11, 2001, how long they have lived in New York City, where they are getting most of their information pertaining to the planned mosque and Islamic community center, and voter registration status and participation history.
Curated

Center for Research on Social Reality [Spain] Survey, April 1995: Social Inequalities (ICPSR 6968)

Released/updated on: 1998-01-13
Geographic coverage: Europe, Global, Spain
Time period: 1995-04-17--1995-04-23
This data collection is part of a series of nationwide surveys conducted from October 1990 to June 1996 in Spain. The questionnaires for each of these surveys consisted of three sections. The first section collected information on respondents' attitudes regarding personal, national, and international issues, and included questions on respondents' level of life satisfaction and frequency of visits with relatives, neighbors, and friends. The second section contained a topical module of questions that varied from survey to survey, with this survey's topic focusing on social inequality in Spain. Among the issues investigated were opinions on the extent of social inequality in general, whether inequality had increased or decreased over the past decade, whether there was inequality in employment, education, and health care, the amount of inequality between men and women in the family, business firms, the media, political parties, the Catholic Church, labor unions, armed forces, education, and public administration, and the amount of conflict between rich and poor, working class and middle class, and the young and the elderly. The second section also gauged opinions on the importance of various personal attributes (such as ambition, intelligence, race, sex, and education) on the achievement of success in life, and asked respondents to identify the qualities that they most valued in men and women, and in their mothers and fathers. Questions in the third section of the questionnaire elicited socioeconomic information, such as respondent's sex, age, marital status, size of household, occupation, education, religion, religiosity, place of birth, and income.
Curated

College and Beyond II (CBII) Alumni Survey, [United States], 2021 (ICPSR 38299)

Released/updated on: 2022-12-12
Geographic coverage: United States

The purpose of College and Beyond II (CBII) is to better understand how students' undergraduate experiences in and out of the classroom relate to their long-run development. The CBII Alumni Survey provides data collected from graduates ten years after earning their bachelor's degrees. It serves as the main source of information on students' long-run development for the study series. Domains covered by the CBII Alumni Survey include arts appreciation and engagement; health and well-being; labor market participation and wealth; civic engagement; beliefs about diversity and pluralism; and democratic participation. The survey also asks about respondents' recollections of their college experiences, as well as their current family structure, social identities, educational attainment, experiences with discrimination, and political and religious identification. The survey contains scales that are widely used in various disciplines such as education, economics, political science, and psychology.

The CBII Alumni Survey data can be linked to other studies in the CBII series using the ID_PERSON anonymized student identifier. These CBII studies provide information about respondents' academic backgrounds, undergraduate course transcripts, descriptions of courses taken, and postsecondary enrollment and degree attainment. Contextual data about respondents' neighborhoods can be linked to the National Neighborhood Data Archive using current zip codes, and contextual data about the colleges respondents applied to can be linked to the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System using U.S. Department of Education UNITID identifiers.

Curated
Partially restricted
Simple Crosstabs

Combined Generations Wave 1 and TransPop surveys, United States, 2016-2018 (ICPSR 38421)

Released/updated on: 2024-08-29
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2016-01-01--2018-01-01

This collection includes a combined dataset of the Generations study wave 1 (baseline) survey and the TransPop study transgender survey. The two studies have many overlapping variables, and they examined topics such as respondents' health outcomes and behaviors, experiences with discrimination, identity, and transition-related experiences. Data from these studies were merged to allow for analysis of the combined LGBT populations. This dataset has also been reweighted to be representative of these populations.

The complete Generations study data (baseline, wave 2, and wave 3 survey data) can be found under study number 37166, and the complete TransPop study data (transgender and cisgender survey data) can be found under study number 37938. For detailed information on the Generations and TransPop studies, including related publications, please refer to their respective DSDR/ICPSR study pages.

Curated
Simple Crosstabs

Community Health Center: Core Data Project, 2001-2002 [United States] (ICPSR 21520)

Released/updated on: 2023-12-13
Geographic coverage: Vermont, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Maine, Connecticut, New Hampshire
Time period: 2001-01-01--2002-01-01
A survey was administered to any patient that presented for services at a health center between 2001 and 2002. Patients were asked to complete a brief survey with questions relating to demographic, relationship status, reason for choosing this health center, mental health status, and abuse history.
Curated

Conflict and Society (ICPSR 7452)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Geographic coverage: Global
Time period: 1850-01-01--1970-01-01
This data collection contains the principal indicators of independent variables developed by Ted Robert Gurr for use in testing models of the causes of civil violence. Information was gathered on 86 countries or polities worldwide and indices were constructed to meet the theoretical requirements of the investigators' research on instances of internal conflict as captured in CIVIL STRIFE EVENTS, 1955-1970 (ICPSR 7531). General categories of independent variables included in the present study are basic social properties, social processes, economic processes, social rigidities, coercive interventions, regime coercion, conflict traditions, regime characteristics, and dissident group characteristics. Aggregate measures of the dependent variables (internal conflicts) are provided in CIVIL STRIFE CONFLICT MAGNITUDES, 1955-1970 (ICPSR 7485).
Curated
Simple Crosstabs

Course Evaluations, Course Characteristics, and Professor Characteristics, Austin, Texas, Academic Years 2000-2002 (ICPSR 37647)

Released/updated on: 2020-05-04
Geographic coverage: United States, Texas, Austin
Time period: 2000-01-01--2002-01-01
Contains data on course evaluations, course characteristics, and professor characteristics for 463 courses for the academic years 2000-2002 at the University of Texas at Austin. The purpose of this study was to examine the productivity effects of beauty in the context of undergraduate education. In particular, researchers looked at the impact of instructors' looks on their instructional ratings in the courses that they teach.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs

Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies (CJ-DATS) 2: HIV Services and Treatment Implementation in Corrections 2010-2013 [United States] (ICPSR 34983)

Released/updated on: 2015-07-20
Geographic coverage: Puerto Rico, United States
Time period: 2010-01-01--2013-01-01

The Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies 2 (CJ-DATS 2) was launched in 2008 with a focus on conducting implementation research in criminal justice settings. NIDA's ultimate goal for CJ-DATS 2 was to identify implementation strategies that maximize the likelihood of sustained delivery of evidence-based practices to improve offender drug abuse and HIV outcomes, and to decrease their risk of incarceration.

CJ-DATS 2 HIV Services Treatment Implementation in Corrections focused on implementing interventions to address the HIV continuum of care in correctional settings. There are 5 datasets associated with this study.

-Dataset 1 (DS1) contains data aggregated at the correction facility level that examines delivery of HIV services in the experimental and control study groups (215 cases).

-Dataset 2 (DS2) and Dataset 3 (DS3) detail survey responses from correctional staff about how the HIV services were changed and/or implemented at their facilities (DS2 has 68 cases and DS3 has 85 cases).

-Dataset 4 (DS4) contains survey responses from inmates about their perceptions of the HIV services provided at facilities in which they are incarcerated (2,301 cases).

-Dataset 5 (DS5) contains data merged together by the principal investigator from several surveys given to treatment staff, treatment directors, correctional officers and correctional directors. This dataset includes demographic information, staff perceptions of their work environment, perceptions of HIV infected individuals, evaluations of HIV workshops and perceptions of the delivery of HIV services at their facility (385 cases).

These 5 datasets contain a total of 889 variables.

Self-published

Decomposing Gender Wage Gaps - A Family Economics Perspective (ICPSR 191462)

Released/updated on: 2023-06-20
The replication package contains the replication files for the paper "Decomposing Gender Wage Gaps - A Family Economics Perspective'' by Dorothée Averkamp, Christian Bredemeier and Falko Juessen.
We propose a simple way to embed family-economics arguments for pay differences between genders into standard decomposition techniques. To account appropriately for the role of the family in the determination of wages, one has to compare men and women with similar own characteristics and similar partners. In U.S. survey data, we find that our extended decomposition explains considerably more of the wage gap than a standard approach - in line with our theory that highlights the role of career prioritization in dual-earner couples.
Curated

Detroit Area Study, 1967: Citizens in Search of Justice (ICPSR 7406)

Released/updated on: 2006-12-13
Geographic coverage: Detroit, United States, Michigan
This study of 780 adults in the Detroit metropolitan area provides information on their experiences with conflict situations and the ways in which they resolved them. Respondents' reactions to some actual events were probed, including problems involving neighbors, landlords, and government agencies, as well as situations of discrimination, and failure to receive entitlements due from insurance companies and government agencies. For each problematic area, respondents were asked to indicate how the conflict was resolved. Also explored were respondents' perceptions of and interactions with lawyers and their views on what could be done if an unfair law or decision were passed. Additional items probed respondents' views of Detroit, their neighborhood, the legal system, and the police. Demographic variables specify age, race, gender, education, marital status, place of birth, nationality, occupation, number of children, religion, home ownership, family income, and length of residence in the Detroit area.
Curated

Detroit Area Study, 1998: White Racial Ideology (ICPSR 26261)

Released/updated on: 2010-01-25
Geographic coverage: Detroit, United States, Michigan

This study of 400 adults of Caucasian or African-American descent in the Detroit metropolitan area provides information on their attitudes toward White Racial Ideology. Respondents were asked about their views on the role of government in addressing the needs of minorities and the poor in our nation such as: taxing the rich and big businesses more heavily than the working and middle class, and providing educational programs to poor and minorities. Other questions elicited respondent views on characteristics that some people associate with different groups. These characteristics included violence, laziness, being athletic, law-bidding, and intelligence. Additional items explored respondents' attitudes toward poverty and the cause of poverty in the society. Demographic variables include age, sex, race, education, marital status, number of children, political view, choice of neighborhood, length of time at present residence, religion, income, occupation, original nationality of husband's and wife's family, home ownership, social class identification, and length of residency in Detroit.

Curated

Detroit [Michigan] Neighborhood Health Study, 2008-2013 (ICPSR 37038)

Released/updated on: 2021-10-07
Geographic coverage: Detroit, United States, Michigan
Time period: 2008-01-01--2009-01-01, 2009-01-01--2010-01-01, 2010-01-01--2011-01-01, 2011-01-01--2012-01-01

The Detroit Neighborhood Health Study (DNHS) is a prospective, representative longitudinal cohort study of predominantly African American adults living in Detroit, Michigan. The main purpose of the study was to determine the predictive effects of ecological stressors, such as income distribution and residential segregation, on the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), substance use, and other psychological and behavioral outcomes. An additional purpose was to study the interrelationships between ecological stressors, exposure to potentially traumatic events (PTEs), PTSD, substance use, and immune function. The study team hypothesized that exposure to ecological stressors would influence the risk of PTE exposure, PTSD, substance use, other psychological outcomes, and the relationships between these factors.

The current collection includes data from all 5 waves of the study. Cohort participants were initially recruited in 2008 with a dual-frame probability design, using telephone numbers obtained from the U.S. Postal Service Delivery Sequence Files as well as a listed-assisted random-digit-dial frame. Individuals without listed landlines or telephones and individuals with only a cell phone listed were invited to participate through a postal mail effort. Participants completed a 40 minute, structured telephone interview annually between 2008-2012 to assess perceptions of participants' neighborhoods, mental and physical health status, social support, exposure to traumatic events, and alcohol and tobacco use. In addition, the study team completed a structured assessment of Detroit's 54 neighborhoods in order to describe the characteristics of respondents' neighborhoods. The assessment included information about the quality of housing exteriors; presence of graffiti, abandoned cars, alcohol and tobacco advertisements, and security warning signs; presence of vacant buildings; and street and traffic noise levels.

All survey participants were offered the opportunity to provide a blood specimen (venipuncture, blood spot, or saliva) for immune and inflammatory marker testing as well as genetic testing of DNA. Participants received an additional $25USD if they elected to give a sample. Informed consent was obtained at the beginning of each interview and again at specimen collection. However, these specimens are not included as part of this data collection.

For more information about the study, please visit the Detroit Neighborhood Health Study website.

Genotypic data from DNHS are available on the NIH database of Genotypes and Phenotypes (dbGaP).

Curated

Drug Use and Cultural Factors Among Hispanic Adolescents and Emerging Adults, Los Angeles, 2006-2016 (ICPSR 36765)

Released/updated on: 2018-10-03
Geographic coverage: United States, Los Angeles, California
Time period: 2006-01-01--2016-01-01

The Drug Use and Cultural Factors Among Hispanic Adolescents and Emerging Adults - Los Angeles, 2006-2016 collection examines the cultural risk and protective factors for substance use among Hispanic adolescents and emerging adults in Southern California. Adolescents were recruited in 9th grade and completed annual surveys about their substance use, acculturation, ethnic identity, cultural stressors, peer and family relationships, and cultural values. They were re-contacted to complete surveys in their early 20s; this survey also included measures of sexual behavior and interpersonal violence.

Demographic variables present in this collection include age, gender, grade in school, ethnicity, country of origin, education level, language spoken, socioeconomic status, marital status, sexual orientation, ZIP code, and place of residence.

Curated

Drug Use Trajectories: Ethnic/Racial Comparisons, 1998-2002 [United-States] (ICPSR 30862)

Released/updated on: 2011-06-17
Geographic coverage: United States, Florida
Time period: 1998-01-01--2000-06-01, 2000-01-01--2002-04-01
Drug Use Trajectories is a two-wave panel study of noninstitutionalized young adults from South Florida that was designed to provide epidemiological estimates of drug use in early adulthood. In addition to a structured interview that measures lifetime prevalence of DSM-IV substance use and psychiatric disorders, the study included an extensive battery of measures that assessed lifetime and recent stress exposure, subsyndromal depression and anxiety, social support, and psychosocial risk and protective factors thought to be implicated in their etiology. This community-based epidemiological study was motivated by theoretical linkages between the social system, differential exposure of individuals within the system to social factors that can harm health, and to others that are protective, to explain persistent health disparities at the population level. The study assessed major depression, dysthymia, generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, panic disorder, alcohol abuse and dependence, drug abuse and dependence, post-traumatic stress disorder, and antisocial personality disorder. Modules from the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) were included to assess the latter two disorders, and to assess AD/HD. Sub-clinical depression was measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D). The measures of stress exposure in the study involved four dimensions of stressful experience: recent life events, chronic stress, lifetime major and potentially traumatic events, and discrimination stress.
Curated
Restricted

Effectiveness of Peer Navigation to Link Released HIV-Positive Jail Inmates to HIV Care (LINK LA), Los Angeles, California, 2012-2016 (ICPSR 39789)

Released/updated on: 2026-06-02
Geographic coverage: United States, Los Angeles, California
Time period: 2012-01-01--2016-01-01

This study is part of the Seek, Test, Treat and Retain (STTR) Collaboration Project that involved over twenty studies in the fields of HIV and drug abuse. All studies were independently developed, but were chosen for the collaboration because they focused on one or more steps of the HIV treatment cascade: Seek, Test, Treat and Retain. As part of STTR Collaboration Project, the studies were grouped into Criminal Justice-related studies and Vulnerable Population-related studies. The data collected by these studies included twelve common domains (e.g., Demographic characteristics, Mental Health) in each of which a shared questionnaire or instrument was taken up by the studies and adapted to fit the study.

This study was a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) of a peer-based health system navigation intervention among individuals assigned to the intervention group compared with those assigned to the control group (usual care transitional management services). Baseline interviews were conducted during incarceration while the follow-up interviews were conducted at months 2, 6 and 12 following release from jail to the community. For participants who were re-incarcerated during, interviews were conducted in the jail setting to ensure high study retention. The goal was to improve engagement and retention in HIV care.

Curated

Eurobarometer 57.0: Agriculture, Energy, and Discrimination Issues, February-April 2002 (ICPSR 3520)

Released/updated on: 2010-04-22
Geographic coverage: Europe, United Kingdom, Portugal, Global, Spain, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, Belgium, Luxembourg, Ireland, Finland, Denmark, Italy, France, Germany
Time period: 2002-02-23--2002-04-04
This round of Eurobarometer surveys diverged from standard trend questions, instead focusing on agriculture, energy, and discrimination issues. Respondents gave their views on the role of the agricultural policy of the European Union (EU), whether the policy was playing its role well or badly, in what situations the EU should use an agricultural policy, and whether the EU should subsidize agricultural products or grant more funds to the overall rural economy and to direct support for farmers. Another subject of the surveys was energy problems. Respondents indicated to what extent different sources of energy were used in their countries, whether energy use was increasing, which energy sources contributed significantly to global warming and climate change, and which factors could make a significant impact on the amount of energy used in the EU. Those polled provided their opinions on how to solve the problem of EU dependency on other countries in terms of energy supply, what governments' priorities with respect to energy should be, and the main reason for lack of interest among young people in energy-related matters. They were also asked what they were doing to save energy, what energy-saving measures they would support, whether they would pay more for energy produced from renewable sources, whether they paid attention to energy use when buying products, whether they knew how much they paid for electricity last year, and whether they were aware of EU activities in energy-related research. Respondents named what sources they used to obtain information about energy issues, gave their opinions about producing nuclear energy using nuclear fusion, named energy-related areas that they would like to know more about, indicated which energy sources would be least expensive, most efficient, and environmentally friendly in 2050, and commented on whether in 20 years all energy needs would be satisfied by one or by a mix of different energy sources, and if so, which ones. The poll also elicited respondents' views on discrimination issues. Those polled were asked whether in the last two years they themselves were discriminated against or harassed or witnessed someone being discriminated against or harassed at work, when looking for a job, in public places, when getting housing, or when they were at school, and if so, what the reason was. Respondents were also asked whether they and people in general thought that it was right/wrong to refuse to give anyone a job, training, or promotion, or to deal differently with customers based on their ethnicity, religion, physical disability, mental illness, age, or sexual orientation. In addition, respondents were asked whether they knew their rights in case they felt discriminated against and whether they were willing to complain or go to court if something like that happened. Demographic and other background information collected includes respondents' age, gender, nationality, marital status, left-right political self-placement, occupation, age at completion of education, household income, type and size of locality, and region of residence.
Curated

Eurobarometer 65.4: Discrimination in the EU, Organized Crime, Medical Research, Vehicle Intelligence Systems, and Humanitarian Aid, June-July 2006 (ICPSR 21442)

Released/updated on: 2010-06-30
Geographic coverage: Cyprus, Portugal, Global, Malta, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, Latvia, Luxembourg, Ireland, Poland, Slovenia, Slovakia, France, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Romania, Hungary, Europe, United Kingdom, Spain, Czech Republic, Belgium, Finland, Denmark, Italy, Germany, Estonia
Time period: 2006-06-07--2006-07-12
This round of Eurobarometer surveys diverged from the Standard Eurobarometer measures and queried respondents on (1) discrimination in the European Union (EU), (2) fighting against organized crime, (3) science and research, (4) justice, freedom, and security policies, (5) intelligent systems in vehicles, and (6) EU Humanitarian Aid (ECHO). For the first topic, discrimination in the EU, respondents were asked to identify to what extent different types of discrimination or nondiscrimination occurs, factors which may affect employment, the need for diversity in the workplace and government, and the advantages of membership to a particular social group. In addition, respondents were asked about combating discrimination through the role of organizations or as an individual, and about laws prohibiting discrimination. Secondly, the survey queried respondents about fighting organized crime. Respondents provided their opinions about the implementation of witness protection, frequency and prevention of identity and tax fraud, and the involvement of the EU in developing policy on witness protection. In regard to the third topic, science and research, respondents were asked to identify their interests, their knowledge of collaborative research projects, information sources accessed and trusted pertaining to scientific research, and personal association with individuals who have a chronic or life-threatening disease. For the fourth topic, respondents were asked questions about justice, freedom and security policies including their views in regard to EU decision-making and priorities in enacting or developing policies pertaining to social issues. For the next topic, intelligent systems in vehicles, the survey asked respondents about their driving habits and automobiles, as well as the distance they traveled per year. In addition, they provided their opinion about selecting or not selecting a particular car safety system such as an anti-lock breaking system or an electronic stability system, the development of these systems, and the implementation of systems that collect driver information. Finally, the survey collected information on respondents' views regarding the role of countries in providing aid to victims of natural disasters or conflicts outside of the EU, their knowledge of organizations that fund humanitarian aid, including the European Commission and its Humanitarian Aid Department (ECHO), and the disbursement of aid. Demographic and other background information includes age, gender, origin of birth (personal and parental), marital status, left-right political self-placement, occupation, age at completion of full-time education, household composition, religious affiliation, ownership of a fixed or a mobile telephone, social contacts, and quality of life pertaining to health. In addition, country-specific data include type and size of locality, region of residence, and language of interview select countries).
Curated

Eurobarometer 66.3: Social Reality, E-Communications, Common Agricultural Policy, Discrimination and the Media, and Medical Research, November-December 2006 (ICPSR 21523)

Released/updated on: 2010-06-16
Geographic coverage: Cyprus, Portugal, Global, Malta, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, Latvia, Luxembourg, Ireland, Poland, Slovenia, Slovakia, France, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Croatia, Romania, Hungary, Europe, United Kingdom, Spain, Czech Republic, Turkey, Belgium, Finland, Denmark, Italy, Germany, Estonia
Time period: 2006-11-17--2006-12-19
This round of Eurobarometer surveys diverged from the Standard Eurobarometer measures and queried respondents on the following major areas of focus: (1) social reality, (2) e-communications, (3) Common Agricultural Policy, (4) discrimination and the media, and (5) medical research. For the first area of focus, a sequence of questions covered a broad spectrum in terms of social reality, asking the respondents to evaluate their life and job satisfaction, work environment, confidence in their job skills, ability to keep or find a job, and what they expected would happen to their jobs in the near future, e.g., promotion, job loss, relocation, and pensions. Respondents were then asked their opinions on the effectiveness of social welfare, which social issues they considered most important, whether they had or wanted children, how the presence of minority groups affect their countries in a cultural and economic sense, and what necessities are required in order to get ahead in life. The second major focus called for respondents to provide information on the availability, or lack there of, of each of these communication systems: television, fixed telephone, mobile phones, and Internet in their household. Respondents were asked to share reasons why they owned or did not own certain systems, including telecommunication bundles, and to explain how accessible the systems were to their household. Respondents also were asked to assess the performance of each system, to share their expectations as consumers, and to rate the effectiveness of their service providers and the available features (e.g., personal data protection, costs, tariffs, and flexibility with account changes). Respondents indicated, from lists of service providers included in the survey, the specific provider they used for each communication system they used. Respondents answered additional questions about viruses and spam, and how they dealt with such issues, as well as their knowledge of the phone numbers to contact in case of emergencies. Only one question was asked in the next topic as respondents were shown a European label and asked what it symbolized. For the third major area of focus, the survey asked respondents about their knowledge of and their interest in learning about the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). Respondents also were asked their opinions on the importance of agriculture and rural development in their countries, what the European Union's (EU) main priorities should be in terms of CAP, and the effectiveness of its role in policy development. Respondents were further asked if the EU's reduction of the subsidy for farmers was justified if farmers failed to attend to their responsibilities and rules of policy, and whether the current amount of budgeting for agriculture was adequate. The fourth major topic focused on people's opinions about discrimination and the media. Respondents were requested to assess the importance of the media's role in combating discrimination and the particular actions the media may use to do this. The survey further asked respondents how they felt about viewing people of different ethnic origins on television, and the media's use of ethnic origin or religious affiliation when discussing people. Also, respondents shared whether they believed the media contributed to the creation of ethnic tensions between different communities. For the fifth and final topic, the survey queried respondents about their knowledge of and interest in scientific research, their access to information on science and subjects of interest (e.g., exhibitions, lectures, professors, doctors, family, and periodicals), and whether they were aware of the projects funded by the EU. Demographic and other background information include respondent's age, gender, nationality, origin of birth (personal and parental), marital status, left-to-right political self-placement, occupation, age when stopped full-time education, household composition, and ownership of a fixed or a mobile telephone and other durable goods. In addition, country-specific data include the type and size of locality, region of residence, and language of interview (select countries).
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Eurobarometer 69.1: Discrimination, Radioactive Waste, and Purchasing in the European Union, February-March 2008 (ICPSR 25163)

Released/updated on: 2011-03-22
Geographic coverage: Cyprus, Portugal, Global, Malta, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, Latvia, Luxembourg, Ireland, Poland, Slovenia, Slovakia, France, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Romania, Hungary, Europe, United Kingdom, Spain, Czech Republic, Belgium, Finland, Denmark, Italy, Germany, Estonia
Time period: 2008-02-18--2008-03-22
This round of Eurobarometer surveys diverged from the standard Eurobarometer measures and queried respondents on the following major areas of focus: (1) discrimination, (2) radioactive waste, and (3) purchasing in the European Union (EU). For the first major focus, discrimination, respondents were queried about how widespread various types of discrimination were, how common they were compared with five years ago, if in the past year they had personally felt discriminated against or witnessed discrimination, and the existence of multiple discrimination. Additional queries included how comfortable respondents would be with having a person from a different minority group as a neighbor, what criteria would put an employment candidate at a disadvantage, their feelings about having people from different minority groups holding the highest elected political position in their country, opinions about specific measures for equal opportunity in employment, whether enough effort was made to fight discrimination, and if they would know their rights if a victim of discrimination. For the second major focus, radioactive waste, respondents were asked how informed they felt about radioactive waste, their opinions about nuclear energy, its management and the advantages of its use, and their opinions about radioactive waste and its disposal. Further queries asked respondents whom they trusted to give them information about radioactive waste management, their reactions to a radioactive waste site being built near their home, and their opinions about the management and monitoring practices of radioactive waste between EU member states and the EU. For the third major focus, purchasing in the European Union, respondents were queried about whether they had purchased or tried to purchase goods/services in the last 12 months, in their own and in another EU country, the total value of purchases, and whether they had offers from sellers in other EU countries. Queries also asked if respondents experienced unsolicited, deceptive, or fraudulent offers, coercion, unfair contract terms, shopping at a distance, the cooling-off period, making complaints, and their interest and confidence in cross-border shopping in comparison to shopping in their own country. Finally, on the same topic, respondents were asked about their use of price comparison Web sites, the protection of consumers and the process for resolving disputes, financial services, holiday packages, and nonfood purchases. Demographic and other background information includes age, gender, nationality, origin of birth (personal and parental), marital status, left-right political self-placement, occupation, age when stopped full-time education, household composition, religious affiliation, ownership of a fixed or a mobile telephone and other durable goods, social contacts, minority group affiliation, quality of life pertaining to health, type and size of locality, region of residence, and language of interview (in select countries).
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Eurobarometer 71.2: European Employment and Social Policy, Discrimination, Development Aid, and Air Transport Services, May-June 2009 (ICPSR 28183)

Released/updated on: 2012-01-31
Geographic coverage: Cyprus, Portugal, Global, Malta, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, Latvia, Luxembourg, Ireland, Poland, Slovenia, Slovakia, France, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Croatia, Romania, Hungary, Europe, United Kingdom, Spain, Czech Republic, Turkey, Belgium, Finland, Denmark, Italy, Macedonia, Germany, Estonia
Time period: 2009-05-25--2009-06-17
This round of Eurobarometer surveys queried respondents on standard Eurobarometer measures such as how satisfied they were with their present life. Additional questions focused on the respondents' current living conditions as compared to five years ago, and expectations for the future, including jobs, unemployment, their financial situation, inequality, affordable energy and housing, and the economic situation in their country. Further questions centered on four major areas: (1) European employment and social policy, (2) discrimination, (3) development aid, and (4) air transport services. For the first major area, European employment and social policy, the survey focused on respondents' familiarity with the European Social Fund (ESF), past and present employers, the most valuable assets in finding a job, job training, the likelihood of finding a job if laid off, and whether the European Union (EU) has a positive or negative impact on employment and social policies. For the second major area, discrimination, respondents were asked about discrimination based on ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, age, religion, and disability. The survey queried respondents about the extent of discrimination in their countries, whether discrimination is more or less common compared with five years ago, their personal experiences of discrimination in the past 12 months, their level of comfort with politicians of minority backgrounds, diversity in the media and workplace, how the economic crisis may affect discrimination, and respondents' identification with minority groups. For the third major area, development aid, respondents were queried about the importance of helping people in developing countries, the Millennium Development Goals, motives for rich countries to provide aid to developing nations, the countries best positioned to help develop countries, the largest challenges facing developing nations, and the European Union's contribution to development. The final major focus of the survey concluded with questions about respondents' use of air transportation, knowledge of air passengers rights, and satisfaction and positive and negative experiences with air transport services. Demographic and other background information includes age, gender, nationality, origin of birth (personal and parental), marital status and parental relations, left-right political placement, occupation, age when stopped full-time education, household composition, religious affiliation, ownership of a fixed or a mobile telephone and other durable goods, difficulty paying bills, level in society, Internet use, minority group affiliation, type and size of locality, region of residence, and language of interview (in select countries).
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Eurobarometer 77.4: European Parliament, Development Aid, Social Climate and Discrimination, June 2012 (ICPSR 34859)

Released/updated on: 2014-06-20
Geographic coverage: Cyprus, Portugal, Global, Malta, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, Latvia, Luxembourg, Ireland, Poland, Slovenia, Slovakia, France, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Romania, Hungary, Europe, United Kingdom, Spain, Czech Republic, Belgium, Finland, Denmark, Italy, Germany, Estonia

The Eurobarometer series is a unique cross-national and cross-temporal survey program conducted on behalf of the European Commission. These surveys regularly monitor public opinion in the European Union (EU) member countries and consist of standard modules and special topic modules. The standard modules address attitudes towards European unification, institutions and policies, measurements for general socio-political orientations, as well as respondent and household demographics. The special topic modules address such topics as agriculture, education, natural environment and resources, public health, public safety and crime, and science and technology.

This round of Eurobarometer surveys covers the following special topics: (1) European Parliament, (2) development aid, (3) social climate, and (4) discrimination. Respondents were queried on the image associated with the European Union, their own view of the European Union, voter activity, and their familiarity with European institutions. Additionally, respondents were asked about their awareness and opinion of the EU's European Citizen's Initiative and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, their opinions on giving federal aid to developing countries, as well as life satisfaction and workplace diversity.

Demographic and other background information collected includes age, gender, nationality, marital status, occupation, age when stopped full-time education, household composition, ownership of a fixed or mobile telephone and other goods, difficulties in paying bills, level in society, and Internet use. In addition, country-specific data includes type and size of locality, region of residence, and language of interview (select countries).

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Extending Bystander Intervention Prevention Models from College Campuses to the Workplace, United States, 2022 (ICPSR 38659)

Released/updated on: 2023-10-12
Geographic coverage: United States
In this exploratory study, the research team examined factors such as power dynamics and social identity that affect a bystander's (individuals who directly or indirectly witness harassment, discrimination, or another form of violence happening to someone else) decision to intervene in events of harassment and discrimination at their workplace. The specific objectives of this study were to: (1) Understand the environment in which workplace harassment and discrimination occurs by analyzing the frequencies of individual events by type and location; (2) Assess contextual variables influencing bystander decisions through analyses of bystander interpretations of the event of harassment/discrimination and motivations for inaction/action; and (3) Contextualize bystander responses by understanding how the workplace environment and the bystander's assessment of power and identities of those involved interplay. The project used a survey design with quantitative data collected from employed adults in the United States (n=1,484) via Qualtrics online survey.
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The Gender and Multicultural Leadership Project: The Future of Governance, United States, 2006-2007 (ICPSR 36826)

Released/updated on: 2019-01-03
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2006-01-01--2007-01-01

The Gender and Multicultural Leadership Project (GMCL) is a national study of America's political leadership in the 21st century, with a focus on race, ethnicity, and gender. The project specifically addresses African American, Latina/o, Native American, and Asian American elected officials in U.S. politics. The 2000 U.S. Census points to a need to understand the role of gender and race/ethnicity in today's elected leaders and how this increasingly diversified leadership is becoming incorporated into the governing structures of a nation projected to be "majority-minority" within the next fifty years.

Key components of the GMCL Project include a national database of more than 10,000 elected officials of color, by race and gender; an annotated bibliography and analytical framework on the intersection of gender, race/ethnicity, class; and an interactive project website.

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Gender Discrimination in Hiring: Intersectional Effects with Ethnicity and Cognitive Job Demands (ICPSR 37286)

Released/updated on: 2019-03-21
Studies on hiring discrimination typically consider one diversity dimension at a time. Building on a multiple categorization and cognitive matching perspective, this study investigated how applicants' gender intersects with other status characteristics (ethnicity) and cognitive job demands for a better understanding of gender discrimination in resumé screening. An experimental study among 214 Belgian HR-professionals showed that a Maghreb/Arab female applicant received lower job suitability ratings compared to equally qualified native/Belgian female and Maghreb/Arab male applicants when they applied for a high cognitive demanding job. No differences were found when they applied for a low cognitive demanding job. Study findings point to the complexity of gender discrimination in hiring (i.e., resumé screening) as double jeopardy of ethnic minority women (i.e., Maghreb/Arab) may also depend on the type of job (i.e., cognitive demanding or not) one is applying for. We conclude with a critical reflection on findings, future research opportunities and implications for practice, like anonymous resumé screening.
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Generations: A Study of the Life and Health of LGB People in a Changing Society, United States, 2016-2019 (ICPSR 37166)

Released/updated on: 2023-01-05
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2016-01-01--2017-01-01, 2017-01-01--2018-01-01, 2018-01-01--2019-01-01

The Generations study is a five-year study designed to examine health and well-being across three generations of lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals (LGB). The study explored identity, stress, health outcomes, and health care and services utilization among LGBs in three generations of adults who came of age during different historical contexts. This collection includes baseline, wave 1, and wave 2 data collected as part of the Generations study.

The study aimed to assess whether younger cohorts of LGBs differed from older cohorts in how they viewed their LGB identity and experienced stress related to prejudice and everyday forms of discrimination, as well as whether patterns of resilience differed between different LGB cohorts. Additionally, the study sought to examine how differences in stress experience affected mental health and well-being, including depressive and anxiety symptoms, substance and alcohol use, suicide ideation and behavior, and how younger LGBs utilized LGB-oriented social and health services, relative to older cohorts.

In wave 2, respondents were re-interviewed approximately one year after completion of the baseline (wave 1) survey. Only respondents who participated in the original sample of participants were surveyed at wave 2 (i.e., the enhancement oversample was not included in the longitudinal design of this study).

In wave 3, respondents were re-interviewed approximately one year after the completion of the wave 2 survey.

Demographic variables collected as part of this study include questions related to age, education, race, ethnicity, sexual identity, gender identity, income, employment, and religiosity.

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Healthy Neighborhoods Study, Boston, Massachusetts, 2016-2018 (ICPSR 38721)

Released/updated on: 2023-04-19
Geographic coverage: United States, Massachusetts, Boston
Time period: 2015-06-01--2017-03-31

The Healthy Neighborhoods Study (HNS) aimed to better understand the relationship between urban development, neighborhood conditions, and population health in Boston. More specifically, the research completed was the planning and baseline phase for a longer 9 year longitudinal study with two overarching aims:

  1. to determine how to measure and evaluate the mid- to long-term impacts of transit-oriented development on neighborhood conditions and population health, and
  2. to better understand the drivers and mechanisms that mediate the relationship between neighborhoods and health.

The study tracks measures in health, development, neighborhood conditions and resident experiences in nine urban centers in the Boston-metro area.

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Identifying Sexual Assault Mechanisms Among Diverse Women, New York State, 2016-2017 (ICPSR 37450)

Released/updated on: 2021-04-29
Geographic coverage: United States, New York (state), Buffalo
Time period: 2016-01-01--2017-01-01

This study offers novel insights into mechanisms associated with sexual assault (SA) among sexual minority women (SMW). Experiences of bias and stigma contribute to lower rates of SA reporting by this population. This results in victims with unmet needs and fewer criminal prosecutions of SA perpetrators. This study used a mixed-methods approach to collect data from lesbian, bisexual, and heterosexual women to instigate changes that would improve responses from law enforcement, victim services, and anti-violence programs that serve SMW.

This study comprised of three parts a: baseline survey, qualitative interview, and daily survey. Self-reported baseline questionnaires included topics like lifetime victimization (childhood sexual abuse, adult sexual aggression, and assault), discrimination, distress, mental health, alcohol use, and sexual history. The qualitative interviews focused on the most recent, and when applicable, the most salient adult sexual assault (ASA) incident. Interviews began by asking the participants to describe their ASA incidents with follow-probes asking about the victimization, perpetrator characteristics (gender and relationship to participant), and context of assault (role of alcohol or drugs and setting). Participants were also asked if they discussed the assault with anyone and their reasons for disclosure or non-disclosure. As well as short and long-term coping patterns. The daily survey asked participants about their mood, alcohol use, drinking contexts, and sexual experiences (consensual and non-consensual).

This study contains demographic information such as: age, race, income, education, and BMI.

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Impacts of Social Proximity to Bias Crime Among Compact of Free Association (COFA)-Migrants in Hawaii, 2017-2018 (ICPSR 37330)

Released/updated on: 2021-10-28
Geographic coverage: Hawaii
Time period: 2017-01-01--2018-12-31

This study utilized respondent-driven sampling (RDS) among Compact of Free Association (COFA)-migrants in Hawaii to explore the harms of bias crimes on migrant communities. To examine the impacts of bias crimes on communities, the investigators examined the diffusion of negative psychological impacts, community impacts, and perceptions of safety for those who had been direct victims, those in the COFA-migrant community who are close to someone who has been a victim (proximal victim) but are not direct victims, and those who are members of the community but have not been a direct victim or know someone close to them who was a direct victim.

This study also examined the how negative impacts of bias crime ultimately impact the adaption of COFA-migrants who have immigrated in the attempt to build new lives in Hawaii.