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Curated

ABC News/Washington Post Democratic Delegate Poll, July 1992 (ICPSR 9935)

Released/updated on: 2006-12-01

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1992-06-22--1992-07-06

This survey polled delegates to the 1992 Democratic National Convention. Respondents were asked to agree or disagree with statements covering a variety of issues, including raising taxes to deal with the federal budget deficit, a constitutional amendment outlawing abortion, and cutting defense spending in half over the next five years. Respondents were also asked whether it was the role of government to see to it that everyone had a job, whether they favored smaller government with fewer services or larger government with many services, and whether a breakdown in family values or government neglect of the cities was more responsible for the riots that had occurred in Los Angeles. The survey also posed questions regarding a tax cut for middle-income Americans and a program of national health insurance funded by tax increases. A major portion of the survey queried delegates on their choice for the 1992 Democratic nominee for president and vice president, and posed questions regarding various scenarios which assumed the nomination of Bill Clinton. Questions pertaining to the presidential election in general included delegates' opinions of Ross Perot, the likelihood of a race among Bush, Clinton, and Perot being decided in the House of Representatives, and whether Democratic House members should support Clinton unconditionally if the election was decided by the House of Representatives. Additionally, the survey questioned respondents about potential items for inclusion in the Democratic party platform, including increasing taxes to reduce the deficit, federally-funded abortion on demand, tax cuts for the middle class, limiting individual campaign contributions to $100, free trade with Mexico, and the $35 billion urban program proposed by the nation's mayors. Background information on delegates includes whether they held a Democratic party or public position and whether that position was elected or appointed, political orientation, education, age, religion, marital status, employment status, race, income, and sex.

Curated

ABC News/Washington Post Poll, May 1990 (ICPSR 9459)

Released/updated on: 2008-05-14

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1990-05-17--1990-05-21

This data collection is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that evaluate the Bush presidency and solicit opinions on a variety of political and social issues. Topics covered include the state of the economy, foreign affairs, the federal budget deficit, and relations with the Soviet Union. Respondents were asked if they trusted the Democrats or the Republicans to do a better job in coping with the main problems facing this country, if they thought that Bush should drop his "no new taxes" policy and consider raising taxes in order to reduce the federal budget deficit, and if they felt federal civil rights laws needed to be strengthened. Respondents also were asked a detailed series of questions regarding the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc countries. They were asked about American and Soviet influences in world affairs, impressions of Mikhail Gorbachev and George Bush, whether they thought changes that had occurred recently in the Soviet Union and Eastern Bloc countries would result in a peaceful world, and whether these changes would provide the United States with major economic opportunities. In addition, respondents were asked to identify the greatest threat to the United States from among the following: the military power of the Soviet Union, Middle Eastern terrorism, the economic strength of Japan, and South American drug traffickers. Respondents were also queried about how important it was to the United States that Gorbachev remain in power and whether they thought the United States should officially recognize Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia as independent counties. Other topics covered include cuts in military spending, cuts in nuclear arms, sending food, clothing, and consumer goods to the Soviet Union, Soviet emigration to the United States, the upcoming summit meeting between Bush and Gorbachev, voting preference if the House of Representatives election were held that day, and whether a candidate's stand on taxes would influence the respondent's vote. Background information on respondents includes political alignment, 1988 presidential vote choice, education, age, religion, social class, marital status, number of people in household, labor union membership, employment status, race, income, sex and state/region of residence.

Curated

Black Africa Handbook (ICPSR 5019)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16

Geographic coverage: Benin, Burundi, Cameroon, Guinea, Sudan, Chad, Somalia, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Global, Gabon, Malawi, Mali, Gambia, Nigeria, Lesotho, Togo, Niger, Africa, Tanzania, Rwanda, Zambia, Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Burkina Faso, Mauritania, Senegal, Democratic Republic of Congo, Botswana, Uganda, Central African Republic, Ethiopia

This study contains data on the political, social, economic, religious, ecological, and demographic characteristics of 32 Black African nations in the late 1950s and 1960s. Data are provided on political regime characteristics, such as the existence and nature of political parties, elections, the nature of the judicial system, the extent of government influence, and the occurrence of riots, civil violence, terrorist activities, civil wars, irredentist movements, and coup d'etats. Economic variables provide information on government revenues, government expenditures, gross domestic capital formation, public investment as a percentage of the gross domestic product (GDP), gross national product (GNP), defense budgets, energy, investment, labor, number of wage earners as a percentage of active population, industrial production, electricity production, per capita energy consumption, educational expenditures, economic welfare, consumer price index, international economic aid, total international trade, imports and exports, agriculture, and membership in major African multilateral economic organizations. Also included is information on the military and security systems, Africanization of the army officer corps, international relations, membership in nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), communication and transportation, and social welfare. Other variables provide information on population estimates and characteristics, population density, settlement patterns, cultural pluralism, language, religion, primary and secondary school enrollment, family organization, patrilineal kin groups, class stratification, and the number of physicians per population.

Curated

Burdens of National Defense, 1961-1968 (ICPSR 7388)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18

Geographic coverage: Canada, United States, United Kingdom, France

Time period: 1938-01-01--1968-01-01

This study includes state-level information on expenditures of the United States Department of Defense and National Aeronautics and Space Administration for the years 1961-1962 and 1967-1968 (Part 1), and U.S. Senate roll-call votes on defense-related issues during the 87th and 90th Congresses (Part 2). The study also contains time-series data representing a breakdown of the gross national product (GNP) by component categories for Canada in the years 1947-1964 (Part 3), for France in 1950-1965 (Part 4), for the United Kingdom in 1947-1965 (Part 5), and for the United States in 1938-1967 (Part 6).

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

CBS News/New York Times Monthly Poll #2, February 1995 (ICPSR 6553)

Released/updated on: 2016-07-27

Geographic coverage: United States

This poll is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Respondents were asked to give their approval rating of Bill Clinton with respect to his handling of the presidency, foreign policy, and the economy, and to comment on whether he had strong qualities of leadership. Those queried were also asked for approval ratings of Congress and Newt Gingrich, and favorability of persons Lamar Alexander, Pat Buchanan, Bob Dole, Phil Gramm, Richard Gephardt, Al Gore, and Ted Kennedy. Additional topics covered include trust in and involvement of the government, welfare reform, a balanced budget, flat tax proposals, nomination and voting preferences for the 1996 presidential election, job discrimination, assault weapons, abortion, defense spending, and the major league baseball strike. Background information on respondents includes voter registration status, household composition, vote choice in the 1994 U.S. House of Representatives election and 1992 presidential election, political party, political orientation, education, age, sex, race, ethnicity, religious preference, and family income.

Curated

CBS News/New York Times Monthly Poll, January 1988 (ICPSR 9098)

Released/updated on: 2011-01-07

Geographic coverage: United States

This data collection is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that evaluates the Reagan presidency and solicits opinions on a variety of political and social issues. Topics covered include the national economy, nuclear arms treaties between the United States and the Soviet Union, spending on space exploration, the shuttle program, federal spending on the military and defense programs, aid to the contras in Nicaragua, and whether certain aspects of a politician's personal life such as a serious medical condition or cheating on income taxes should be public knowledge. In addition, respondents were queried about their views on the candidates for the 1988 presidential election. Respondents were asked whether they had a favorable or unfavorable opinion of the various candidates, whom their party should nominate for president, whether the Republicans or the Democrats had a better group of candidates, and which candidate cared most about the needs of people like the respondent. Respondents who supported Gary Hart for the Democratic presidential nomination were telephoned again and asked an additional series of questions to determine whether disclosures by the media regarding improprieties in Hart's financing of his 1984 presidential campaign had changed their minds at all. Background information on individuals includes party affiliation, age, marital status, income, sex, religious preference, education, and race.

Curated

CBS News/New York Times Monthly Poll, January 1989 (ICPSR 9229)

Released/updated on: 2011-04-29

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1989-01-12--1989-01-15

This data collection is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that evaluates the Reagan presidency and solicits opinions on a variety of political and social issues. Topics covered include a retrospective evaluation of Ronald Reagan's presidency, the death penalty, pay increases for congressional representatives, federal defense spending, crime, the national economy, ethics in government, poverty, abortion, the Palestine Liberation Organization, and important problems facing the nation such as homelessness, nuclear war, unemployment, drugs, and the problems of farmers. In addition, respondents were asked if they were optimistic or pessimistic about the Bush presidency, if Bush would ask Congress to increase taxes, and if Bush would be able to accomplish his goals of significantly improving the environment, education, and relations with the Soviet Union, reducing drug problems in the country, balancing the federal budget, and alleviating the problem of homelessness. Background information on individuals includes party affiliation, age, marital status, income, sex, religious preference, education, and race.

Curated

CBS News/New York Times October Foreign Policy/Congressional Scandal Poll, October 5-7, 1991 (ICPSR 9803)

Released/updated on: 2011-02-28

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1991-10-05--1991-10-07

This survey dealt primarily with foreign policy issues and the congressional check-writing scandal. Respondents were asked whether President George Bush had been spending too much of his time on foreign policy, whether the United States was in decline as a world power, how closely they followed news about foreign policy issues, which part of the world the president should focus his attention on and whether it was important enough to warrant taking attention away from problems at home, whether the United States was more respected in the world than it was ten years ago, if any country posed a serious military threat to the United States, how likely nuclear war was within the next ten years, and which country would be the number one economic power in the world in the next century. The survey also explored other foreign policy issues, including United States-Soviet relations in light of the break-up of the Soviet Union into different republics with separate governments, the war against Iraq, the involvement of the United States in establishing democracy in other countries, federal spending on military and defense programs, the nature of the changes in East-West relations brought about by recent world events, the relevance of a strong United States military and the maintenance of NATO, United States military intervention in trouble spots around the world, the funding and role of the Central Intelligence Agency, the future of nuclear weapons policy involving the United States and Soviet Union, circumstances under which the United States should give economic aid to the Soviet Union, the number of American troops stationed in Europe, United States relations with China, Israeli settlements on the West Bank, and the influence of Israel and Saudi Arabia on United States foreign policy. Respondents were also asked about the amount of attention they had given to the news of United States representatives writing bad checks, whether they thought the bad checks were written deliberately or by mistake, whether the congressional representative from the respondent's own district had knowingly written bad checks, if the respondent would vote for someone else if his/her congressman had knowingly written bad checks or had been slow in paying large bills at the congressional restaurant, and whether respondents considered the various free services received by members of Congress to be mostly unjustifiable privileges.

Curated

CBS News Polls, 1977-1979 (ICPSR 7817)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1977-01-01--1979-01-01

This study is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Each data file in this collection represents a distinct nationwide survey that was conducted during 1977-1979. Approximately 1,000-1,500 randomly selected adults were surveyed by telephone in each poll. Respondents were asked to give their opinions of President Jimmy Carter and his handling of the presidency, foreign policy, and the economy, as well as their views on a range of current social and economic issues. The January 1977 Inauguration Poll (Part 1) asked respondents whether they believed newly inaugurated President Carter would be able to balance the federal budget, contain inflation, reduce unemployment, cut defense spending, restore trust in government, work effectively with Congress, and bring peace to the Middle East. Opinions were also elicited on other current issues, including capital punishment, amnesty for Vietnam draft evaders, building closer ties with China, and United States support for Black majority rule in South Africa. Part 2, June 1978 Education Poll, covered topics concerning the quality of public school education, school busing and racial integration of schools, the effects of single parents, working mothers, and television viewing on a child's education, standardized tests, classroom discipline, and homework. In Part 3, September 1978 Poll on Mid-East Summit Meeting, respondents were asked for their assessment of the chances for peace in the Middle East, their knowledge of the results of the Camp David summit with Egypt, Israel, and the United States, whether Egyptian President Anwar Sadat, Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin, or President Carter was most responsible for the agreements, and whether President Carter met their expectations with what he accomplished at the summit. Part 4, December 1978 Poll on China, focused on United States relations with China, the impact closer ties with China may have on relations between the United States and Taiwan, prospects for peace in the Middle East, and United States negotiations with the Soviet Union to cut back on military weapons. In the October 1979 Poll on Current Issues (Part 5) respondents were asked to identify what they believed to be the most important problems facing the country, and whether problems associated with rising prices and energy shortages had affected their lives directly. Background information on respondents includes voter participation history, political party affiliation, political orientation, age, race, religion, education, employment and household income.

Curated

CBS News Survey, January #1, 2011 (ICPSR 33481)

Released/updated on: 2012-05-23

Geographic coverage: United States

This poll, fielded January 5-9, 2011, is a part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicits public opinion on a range of political and social issues. Respondents were asked whether they approved of the way Barack Obama was handling his job as president, the economy, the war in Afghanistan, and the federal budget deficit, whether they felt things in this country were going in the right direction, and how they would rate the condition of the national economy. Opinions were gathered on health insurance requirements for all Americans, the Republican and Democratic parties, and Congress' accomplishments in the next two years. Information was collected on whether respondents thought that Obama and the Republicans in Congress would work together to get things done, whether Obama and the Republicans in Congress had a clear plan for creating jobs, whether they had a favorable opinion of John Boehner, and whether they thought Obama had the same priorities for the country as they did. Respondents were queried on whether they approved of the new health care reform and whether they thought it would help them personally, and whether they thought that Congress should try to repeal all of the health care law or certain parts. Respondents were asked how serious a problem they thought the federal budget deficit was for the country, whether reducing the deficit would help or hurt the national economy, whether they favored cutting government spending or increasing taxes as a way to reduce the deficit, whether the salaries and benefits for Wall Street employees, government employees, and members of Congress were too high, and their opinion of what percentage of the total federal budget is spent on welfare programs, foreign aid, Medicare and Medicaid, Social Security, defense and military spending, and earmarks. Additional topics included respondents' perception of their state's budget, whether they would be willing to cut funding for police, fire, and other public safety departments in order to help reduce state government spending, the Guantanamo Bay prison, how concerned they were about the possibility of future unemployment, whether they or their friends knew someone who was killed in the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack, and whether they consider themselves to be a supporter of the Tea Party movement. Demographic information includes sex, age, race, marital status, education level, household income, employment status, religious preference, type of residential area (e.g., urban or rural), political party affiliation, political philosophy, and voter registration status.

Curated

Dependency Approaches to International Political Economy: A Cross-National Study, 1970 (ICPSR 9021)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16

Geographic coverage: Middle East, Asia, Europe, Africa, West Indies, Global, Latin America

This data collection provides cross-national data on the external determinants of the division of power and wealth in lesser developed countries. The study aggregates data, produced by the United Nations, the World Bank, and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Seventy lesser-developed countries located in Subsaharan Africa, the Middle East, Latin America, the Caribbean, Asia, and southern Europe are included. These countries were selected on the basis of data availability. The variables provide information on exports as a proportion of Gross National Product (GNP), export concentration, commodity concentration, trade composition, terms of trade, types of investment, aid concentration, debt service, arms transfers, educational indicators, social welfare indicators, taxes, unemployment, security measures, GNP indicators, index of national resource endowment, and population.

Curated

Detroit Area Study, 1973: A Study of the Civil Military Interface and the Application of Laboratory Methodologies in a Survey Setting (ICPSR 7907)

Released/updated on: 2007-01-08

Geographic coverage: Detroit, United States, Michigan

This study of 576 adults in the Detroit metropolitan area in 1973 measures their feelings about the military and the Vietnam War, as well as a variety of other issues. The study incorporates data from two sets of investigations: those collected by David Segal on opinions about the military and the Vietnam War, and those collected by Michael Flynn and James Jackson on the application of laboratory methodologies to a survey setting. Items explored respondents' opinions on the appropriateness of United States' involvement in the Vietnam War, the substitution of an all-volunteer army for the military draft, and the amount of money that should be spent on the military. Other items queried respondents about how a hypothetical sum of money should be spent and the criteria that guided their allocation of this money. Also measured were respondents' responses to photographs of people's faces and how they completed a story begun by the interviewer. Additional items explored respondents' attitudes toward a variety of other public and private issues, such as government's efforts to eliminate employment-based racial discrimination, United States' aid to North Vietnam, career success, and use of leisure time. Demographic variables specify age, sex, race, marital status, education, occupation, military service, rank in the army, religion, social class identification, political party affiliation, income, physical height, number of children, and length of residence in the Detroit area.

Curated

Global Views 2004: American Public Opinion and Foreign Policy (ICPSR 4137)

Released/updated on: 2006-03-30

Geographic coverage: United States

This study is part of a quadrennial series designed to investigate the opinions and attitudes of the general public and a select group of opinion leaders on matters related to foreign policy, and to define the parameters of public opinion within which decision-makers must operate. Part 1 consists of data acquired from interviews of leaders with foreign policy power, specialization, and expertise. These include Congressional members or their senior staff, university administrators and academics who teach in the area of international relations, journalists and editorial staff who handle international news, administration officials and other senior staff in various agencies and offices dealing with foreign policy, religious leaders, senior business executives from FORTUNE 1,000 corporations, labor presidents of the largest labor unions, presidents of major private foreign policy organizations, and presidents of major special interest groups relevant to foreign policy. For Part 2, the Chicago Council on Foreign Relations (CCFR) conducted its opinion survey of the American general public through the Internet. In particular, this study covers the global United States position, international norms and the use of force, multilateralism and international institutions, international norms and economic relations, and policy attitudes and perceptions of United States leaders and the public. Regarding the global United States position, respondents were asked to give their opinions on threats to the vital interests that most Americans consider critical, the fundamental foreign policy goals that they want to pursue, how much they are willing to spend on foreign policy-related items, whether they favor the United States having military bases overseas in general and their support for stationing troops in various specified countries, their views on the Middle East, how active the United States should be in world affairs, their willingness to take action against terrorism, and their support for diplomatic and other nonmilitary actions to solve conflicts. On the topic of international norms and the use of force, respondents gave their opinions on adhering to traditional norms and empowering the United Nations, preventive action against a state seeking weapons of mass destruction, using force against a state supporting terrorists, the use of nuclear weapons, the use of torture, using force against a state conduction genocide, using force to restore a democratic government, and defending a country that has been attacked. Concerning multilateralism and international institutions, respondents were asked their level of support for collective decision-making through international institutions and for empowering the United Nations, their attitudes toward other major international organizations, their support for international agreements, their desire to seek consensus among nations, and their opinions on the idea of spreading democracy. On the subject of international norms and economic relations, respondents were asked about pursuing free trade with certain conditions, globalization and trade in principle, their support for the trading system and institutions, their concerns about inequities, and their opinions on mitigating the effects of trade, achieving equity in trade, trade as a strategic tool, responsibility for development aid, regional trade agreements, and migration. For the sake of comparison, Parts 1 and 2 include many of the same questions asked of both groups. Background information on respondents includes religion, age, income, education, gender, marital status, and employment status. Part 3 is a special telephone survey of the general public designed to be directly comparable to the telephone survey of 2002.

Curated

Global Views 2004: South Korean Public Opinion and Foreign Policy (ICPSR 4135)

Released/updated on: 2005-02-11

Geographic coverage: South Korea, Global

Time period: 2004-07-05--2004-07-16

The 2004 Global Views Study is the first time the Chicago Council on Foreign Relations (CCFR) has partnered with the East Asia Institute (EAI) to study the relationship between the United States public's and the Korean public's views on foreign policy. This comprehensive study is the joint effort of CCFR and EAI to highlight perceptions of security, use of force, economics, international rules, and other international issues. The study seeks to contribute to the current debate on the United States-South Korea alliance by providing new data and analyses. In an attempt to capture and compare American and South Korean public opinion in the new international setting after the events of September 11 and the Iraq War, the surveys posed many of the same questions in both countries on a broad range of international and bilateral issues. In particular, this study covers global perspectives and United States-South Korea security relations. Regarding global perspectives, respondents were asked to give their opinions on their country taking an active role in the world, threat perceptions, the use of force, international institutions, globalization and trade, and other countries. On the topic of United States-South Korea security relations, respondents were asked to provide their opinions regarding bilateral relations and the strategic alliance with the United States, United States military presence in South Korea, attitudes toward North Korea, the North Korean nuclear crisis, and reunification with North Korea. Background information on respondents includes age, gender, occupation, education, income, and ideological inclination.

Curated

ICPSR Instructional Subset: American National Election Study, 1976 (ICPSR 7515)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16

Geographic coverage: United States

This instructional subset study was constructed from items contained in the AMERICAN NATIONAL ELECTION STUDY, 1976 (ICPSR 7381), conducted by the Center for Political Studies, Institute for Social Research, the University of Michigan. The survey, the 14th in a series of national election studies begun in 1952, was directed by Warren E. Miller and Arthur H. Miller. Seventy variables from the 1976 election study are contained in this subset. The items chosen report respondents' views on current public issues as well as aspects of the 1976 presidential election campaign. Items probed respondents' opinions of government and public officials, Nixon's pardon, racially integrated schools, the political parties, cut in defense spending, government's control of inflationary trends, unemployment, pollution and energy use, abortion rights, and the Equal Rights Amendments (ERA) to the Constitution. Respondents were also asked to evaluate the 1976 presidential candidates and to indicate their vote choice. Additional items explored respondents' attitudes toward busing, use of marijuana, and gender equality. Also elicited were respondents' perceptions of their financial status relative to the previous year and the following year and their satisfaction with life. Demographic items specify age, sex, education, marital status, political party affiliation, ideological leanings, social class identification, income, religion, and race.

Curated

International Social Survey Program: Role of Government, 1985-1986 (ICPSR 34854)

Released/updated on: 2013-08-14

Geographic coverage: Great Britain, Austria, United States, Italy, Australia, Germany, Global

Time period: 1985-01-01--1986-01-01

This study is designed to supplement regular, national, social science surveys in the following countries: West Germany, Great Britain, United States, Italy, Austria, and Australia. The data report citizens' opinions on the functions of their national governments and on what governments should and should not be doing. Included are respondents' attitudes towards civil liberties e.g., measures against extremism, power of police), the family (intervention in parenting, welfare provision), inequality (the role of government in correcting inequalities of race, sex, class, income, and education), and economic intervention (measures to prevent unemployment, intervention in industrial disputes). Demographic data on respondents are also provided.

Curated

International Social Survey Program: Role of Government II, 1990 (ICPSR 34847)

Released/updated on: 2013-08-12

Geographic coverage: Great Britain, Hungary, United States, Norway, Ireland, Italy, Israel, Australia, Germany, Global

Curated

International Social Survey Program: Role of Government III, 1996 (ICPSR 34841)

Released/updated on: 2013-08-07

Geographic coverage: Cyprus, Hungary, United States, Japan, Philippines, Global, Russia, Spain, New Zealand, Canada, Sweden, Great Britain, Czech Republic, Latvia, Norway, Ireland, Poland, Italy, Israel, Slovenia, Australia, France, Bulgaria, Germany

The International Social Survey Program (ISSP) is an ongoing program of cross-national collaboration. Formed in 1983, the group develops topical modules dealing with important areas of social science as supplements to regular national surveys. This survey is the third in a series exploring the "role of government" topic. The first survey on this topic was conducted in 1985-1986 and the second in 1990. Participating countries in the 1996 survey include Australia, Bulgaria, Canada, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Latvia, New Zealand, Norway, the Philippines, Poland, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and the United States. Citizens' opinions were elicited on the function of their national governments and on what governments should and should not be doing. Respondents were asked whether they approved of economic policies such as wage and price controls, job creation programs, including public work projects, support for ailing private industries, and the forced reduction in the industrial work week, as well as conservative measures, such as reductions in government spending and business regulations. Government spending was another topic, with respondents questioned as to their support for greater spending on the environment, health care, police and law enforcement, education, military and defense, culture and the arts, old age pensions, unemployment benefits, and housing for the poor. A number of questions dealt with respondents' attitudes regarding democracy, political power, and protest. Respondents were asked for their views on the rule of law when it is in conflict with private conscience, various forms of anti-government protest (public meetings, protest marches and demonstrations, nationwide strikes), whether the right to protest should be afforded to those who advocate the overthrow of the government by revolution, and the conflict between security needs and privacy rights. Other questions focused on the role of elections in democracies, including whether voters understand political issues, whether elections force governments to confront pressing political issues, whether certain institutions (unions, government, business and industry) have too much power in affecting election results, whether politicians really try to keep their election promises, whether civil servants can be trusted to work in the public's interest, and whether various industries (power companies, hospitals, banks) are better off being run by the private sector or by the government. Opinions were also elicited as to whether government had a legitimate role in the redistribution of wealth in the country, by tax policy or otherwise. Demographic variables include age, sex, education, marital status, personal and family income, employment status, household size and composition, occupation, religion and church attendance, social class, union membership, political party, voting history, and ethnicity.

Curated

International Social Survey Program: Role of Government I-IV, 1985-2006 (ICPSR 34857)

Released/updated on: 2013-08-15

Geographic coverage: Great Britain, United States, Italy, Australia, Germany, Global

Time period: 1985-01-01--2006-01-01

The International Social Survey Program (ISSP) is an ongoing program of crossnational collaboration. Formed in 1983, the group develops topical modules dealing with important areas of social science as supplements to regular national surveys. This collection presents cumulative data from two surveys exploring the "role of government" topic. These data report citizens' opinions on the functions of their national governments and on what governments should and should not be doing. Questions were asked concerning taxes, gun control, cuts in government spending, government creation of new jobs, government spending on environmental concerns, law enforcement, health issues, education, defense, unemployment benefits, and the cultural arts. Other items focused on the role of public protest meetings, publications, and demonstrations. Respondents were also queried about the role of government in several industries, including electric power, steel, banking, and insurance. Demographic variables include age, sex, marital status, employment status, occupation, union membership, education, political party affiliation, religion, vote in the last election, subjective social class standing, size of household, family income, and occupation.

Curated

Middle East Time Series Data, 1948-1969 (ICPSR 5014)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16

Geographic coverage: Saudi Arabia, Middle East, Lebanon, Egypt, Israel, Iraq, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Jordan, Global, Syria

Time period: 1948-01-01--1969-01-01

This study contains mainly economic data and some select sociopolitical data for Middle East nations, Israel, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria, and United Arab Emirates, in the period 1948-1969. Data are provided on economic aid, energy consumption for public use, oil production, national income, total exports and imports, development budget, defense spending, cost of arms race, cost of living index, consumer price index, and monetary exchange ratio. Additional variables provide sociopolitical information on population, the strength of democratic institutions in the nations, the number of illegitimate changes of government, the ruling party, the strength of traditional elites, military and bureaucracy elites, and religious and landed elites, political centralization, encounters between government forces and guerilla forces, attacks on civilians, attacks on bases and strategic installations, and political mobilizations.

Curated

Military Defense Expenditure Data, 1948-1970 (ICPSR 5007)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16

Geographic coverage: Benin, Angola, Cambodia, Sudan, Paraguay, Portugal, Syria, North Korea, Greece, Mongolia, Morocco, Iran, Mali, Panama, Guatemala, Guyana, Iraq, Chile, Laos, Nepal, Argentina, Tanzania, Zambia, Ghana, South Vietnam, India, Canada, Turkey, Belgium, Finland, South Africa, Trinidad and Tobago, Central African Republic, Jamaica, Peru, Germany, Yemen, Hong Kong, United States, Guinea, China (Peoples Republic), Chad, Somalia, Madagascar, Ivory Coast, Thailand, Libya, Costa Rica, Sweden, Malawi, Poland, Kuwait, Jordan, Nigeria, Bulgaria, Tunisia, Uruguay, Sri Lanka, United Kingdom, United Arab Emirates, Kenya, Switzerland, Spain, Lebanon, Cuba, Venezuela, Burkina Faso, Israel, Australia, Soviet Union, Cameroon, Cyprus, Malaysia, Global, Gabon, South Korea, Austria, Yugoslavia, El Salvador, Luxembourg, Algeria, Ecuador, Colombia, Hungary, Japan, Albania, New Zealand, Senegal, Italy, Honduras, Ethiopia, Haiti, Afghanistan, Singapore, Sierra Leone, Bolivia, Saudi Arabia, Netherlands, Pakistan, Ireland, France, Romania, Togo, Niger, Philippines, Burma, Nicaragua, Norway, Democratic Republic of Congo, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Indonesia

Time period: 1948-01-01--1970-01-01

This collection contains data for military defense expenditures for 123 countries. The data are either in United States dollars or national currency with a monetary exchange rate provided.

Curated

Party Elites in the United States, 1980: Republican and Democratic Party Leaders (ICPSR 8209)

Released/updated on: 1996-02-09

Geographic coverage: United States

This dataset was designed to provide information on the personal and political backgrounds, political attitudes, and relevant behavior of party leaders. The data pertain to Democratic and Republican party elites holding office during the election year of 1980 and include County and State Chairs, members of the Democratic and Republican National Committees, and delegates to the National Conventions. These data focus on the "representativeness" of the party elites on a variety of dimensions and also permit a comparison of party leaders from the local, state, and national organizational levels. Other issues explored include the party reform era, the effects of the growing body of party law, and the nationalization of the political parties. Specific variables include characterization of respondent's political beliefs on the liberal-conservative scale, length of time the respondent had been active in the party, and the respondent's opinions on minorities in the party, party unity, national- and local-level party strength, and party loyalty. Respondents were also queried on attitudes toward important national problems, defense spending, and inflation. In addition, their opinions were elicited on controversial provisions in their parties' charters and on the directions their parties should take in the future. Demographic characteristics are supplied as well.

Curated

Party Elites in the United States, 1984: Republican and Democratic Party Leaders (ICPSR 8617)

Released/updated on: 1996-02-09

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1984-07-01--1984-10-01

This dataset was designed to provide information on the personal and political backgrounds, political attitudes, and relevant behavior of party leaders. The data pertain to Democratic and Republican party elites holding office during the election year of 1984 and include County and State Chairs, members of the Democratic and Republican National Committees, and delegates to the 1984 National Conventions. These data focus on the "representativeness" of the party elites on a variety of dimensions and also permit a comparison of party leaders from the local, state, and national organizational levels. Special emphasis is placed on the presidential election, the presidential nominations system, public policy issues current in the 1984 campaign, and the future of the political parties. In addition, special note was taken of the views of women and minorities and the problem of providing them with representation in the parties. The question of whether their policy views and ideologies differed from other political party elites was also explored. Specific variables include characterization of respondent's political beliefs on the liberal-conservative scale, length of time the respondent had been active in the party, and the respondent's opinions on minorities in the party, party unity, national- and local-level party strength, and party loyalty. Respondents were also queried on attitudes toward important national problems, defense spending, and inflation. In addition, their opinions were elicited on controversial provisions instituted by their parties and on the directions their parties should take in the future. Demographic characteristics are supplied as well.

Curated

Voter Research and Surveys/CBS News/New York Times General Election Exit Poll: Regional Files, 1990 (ICPSR 35198)

Released/updated on: 2014-05-19

Geographic coverage: United States

For this data collection, interviews were conducted with voters in 42 states as they left their polling places on election day, November 6, 1990. Respondents were asked a series of questions about their vote choices in the senate, congressional, and gubernatorial races (as appropriate to their state), and the issues and factors that most influenced those votes. Additional topics covered include the sending of United States troops to the Persian Gulf, limits on the number of years a member of Congress can serve, the plan to reduce the federal budget deficit, approval ratings for George Bush and Congress, 1988 presidential vote, federal defense spending, the death penalty, the savings and loan crisis, the drug problem, and abortion. Demographic information collected includes sex, race, age, religion, education, political party identification, and family income.

Curated

Washington Post 1996 Politics Poll, Wave 1, September 1996 (ICPSR 2164)

Released/updated on: 2007-09-07

Geographic coverage: United States

This special topic poll, conducted September 20-26, 1996, is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of political and social issues. The focus of this data collection was on the upcoming 1996 presidential and congressional elections. Those queried were asked about the likelihood that they would vote, for whom they would vote if the election were held that day, when they decided on their candidate, whether they had learned enough about the candidates to make an informed choice, and whether factors such as leadership and a candidate's stance on issues were major or minor reasons for their vote. Respondents were quizzed on their knowledge of the presidential and vice-presidential candidates, party platforms, campaign funding, which presidential candidate was leading in the polls, and which party had the most members in the United States Congress. Views were sought on the media's treatment of the presidential candidates, campaign advertisements featuring Newt Gingrich and the issue of Medicare, whether presidential campaigns were more negative than in the past, the influence of the recent party conventions, and whether the news media should report public opinion poll results. Other topics addressed abortion, sources of campaign information, how much attention respondents paid to media coverage of the presidential campaign, and whether they cared who won. Demographic variables include sex, age, race, ethnicity, education level, marital status, household income, political party affiliation, political philosophy, labor union membership, voter registration status, religious preference, and whether respondents thought of themselves as born-again or evangelical Christians.

Curated

Washington Post 1996 Politics Poll, Wave 2, November 1996 (ICPSR 2167)

Released/updated on: 2007-10-08

Geographic coverage: United States

This special topic poll, conducted November 6-10, 1996, is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of political and social issues. The focus of this data collection was on the presidential and congressional elections held November 5, 1996. In the days following the election, respondents who had voted were asked about their choice for president, when they decided on their candidate, whether they had known enough about the candidates to make an informed choice, and whether factors such as leadership and a candidate's stance on issues were major or minor reasons for their vote. Respondents were quizzed on their knowledge of the presidential and vice-presidential candidates, as well as party platforms, campaign funding, and which party had the most members in the United States Congress. Views were sought on the media's treatment of the presidential candidates, campaign advertisements featuring the issue of Medicare, whether the presidential campaigns were more negative than in the past, and whether the news media should report public opinion poll results. Other topics addressed the condition of the national economy, abortion, sources of campaign information, types of negative news media coverage, and how much attention respondents paid to media coverage of the presidential campaign. Demographic variables include sex, age, race, ethnicity, education level, marital status, household income, political party affiliation, political philosophy, labor union membership, voter registration status, religious preference, and whether respondents thought of themselves as born-again or evangelical Christians.

Curated

Words and Deeds in Soviet Military Expenditures, 1955-1983 (ICPSR 8188)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16

Geographic coverage: Asia, Europe, Global, Soviet Union

Time period: 1955-01-01--1983-01-01

This data collection assesses the relationship between Soviet policy statements and military expenditures. Annual speeches given by Soviet Finance Ministers to the Supreme Soviet were analyzed for references to intended defense spending, the United States, and the threat of imperialism. Other variables in this dataset include estimates from various Western sources of the level of Soviet defense spending and identification of the appropriate year in the Soviet planning cycle. A year is the unit of analysis in this dataset.

Curated

World Issues Survey, 1979 (ICPSR 7822)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16

Geographic coverage: United States, Global

This telephone survey of 1,200 Americans was conducted in November and December of 1979. Data were gathered on respondents' perceptions of world issues, e.g., world hunger, global distribution of resources (including energy), foreign aid, emerging global priorities, social welfare versus military spending, and perceptions of the impact of these issues on the respondents and their families. Additional data include sources of information on the state of world hunger, such as various types of media, other people, and churches/organizations, as well as where respondents had donated money in the past two years, e.g., UNICEF, American Cancer Society, overseas relief work, and special disaster funds. Demographic data include age, education, family status, race and ethnicity, religion, income, and travel experience.

Curated

World Military Expenditures and Arms Trade, 1963-l973, and Cumulative Arms Trade, 1964-1973 (ICPSR 7454)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12

Geographic coverage: Benin, Cambodia, Sudan, Paraguay, Portugal, Syria, North Korea, Greece, Mongolia, Morocco, Iran, Mali, Panama, Guatemala, Guyana, Iraq, Chile, Laos, Nepal, Argentina, Tanzania, Zambia, Ghana, Bahrain, India, Canada, Turkey, Belgium, Taiwan, Finland, South Africa, Trinidad and Tobago, Central African Republic, Jamaica, Peru, Germany, Yemen, Vietnam (Socialist Republic), United States, Guinea, China (Peoples Republic), Chad, Somalia, Madagascar, Ivory Coast, Thailand, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Costa Rica, Sweden, Malawi, Poland, Kuwait, Jordan, Nigeria, Bulgaria, Tunisia, Uruguay, Sri Lanka, United Arab Emirates, Kenya, Switzerland, Spain, Lebanon, Liberia, Cuba, Venezuela, Czech Republic, Burkina Faso, Mauritania, Swaziland, Israel, Australia, Soviet Union, Myanmar, Cameroon, Cyprus, Malaysia, Iceland, Global, Oman, Gabon, South Korea, Great Britain, Austria, Yugoslavia, El Salvador, Luxembourg, Brazil, Algeria, Lesotho, Ecuador, Colombia, Hungary, Japan, Mauritius, Albania, New Zealand, Senegal, Italy, Honduras, Ethiopia, Haiti, Afghanistan, Burundi, Singapore, Egypt, Sierra Leone, Bolivia, Russia, Malta, Saudi Arabia, Netherlands, Pakistan, Gambia, Ireland, Qatar, France, Romania, Togo, Niger, Philippines, Rwanda, Bangladesh, Nicaragua, Norway, Democratic Republic of Congo, Botswana, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Indonesia

Time period: 1963-01-01--1973-01-01

This data collection contains two files of world military expenditures and arms trade data for the period 1964-1973. Part 1 is an extension of WORLD MILITARY EXPENDITURES TIME SERIES, 1961-1970 (ICPSR 5031), for the period 1963-1973. In this file, data are provided for military expenditures, gross national product (GNP), arms trade, population, and the armed forces size. Data on arms imports and arms exports are given in both current and constant dollars. Part 2 provides information for 136 countries on the total current dollar value of arms imported between 1964 and 1973. It includes a breakdown of the total value by each of the nine largest nations supplying arms -- United States, United Kingdom, France, China, Canada, Poland, and the former Soviet Union, West Germany, and Czechoslovakia. Data are provided for the recipient countries by major suppliers, as well as for the cumulative total value of arms imported between 1964 and 1973.

Curated

World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers, 1966-1975 (ICPSR 7553)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18

Geographic coverage: Benin, Angola, Cambodia, Sudan, England, Paraguay, Portugal, Syria, North Korea, Greece, Mongolia, Morocco, Iran, Mali, Panama, Guatemala, Guyana, Iraq, Chile, Laos, Nepal, Argentina, Tanzania, Zambia, Ghana, Bahrain, India, Canada, Guinea-Bissau, Turkey, Belgium, Taiwan, Finland, South Africa, Trinidad and Tobago, Central African Republic, Jamaica, Peru, Germany, Yemen, Vietnam (Socialist Republic), Fiji, United States, Guinea, China (Peoples Republic), Chad, Somalia, Madagascar, Ivory Coast, Thailand, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Costa Rica, Sweden, Malawi, Poland, Kuwait, Jordan, Nigeria, Bulgaria, Tunisia, Uruguay, Sri Lanka, United Arab Emirates, Kenya, Switzerland, Spain, Lebanon, Liberia, Cuba, Venezuela, Czech Republic, Burkina Faso, Mauritania, Swaziland, Israel, Australia, Soviet Union, Myanmar, Cameroon, Cyprus, Malaysia, Iceland, Global, Oman, Gabon, South Korea, Great Britain, Austria, Yugoslavia, Mozambique, El Salvador, Luxembourg, Brazil, Algeria, Lesotho, Ecuador, Colombia, Hungary, Japan, Mauritius, Albania, New Zealand, Senegal, Italy, Honduras, Ethiopia, Haiti, Afghanistan, Burundi, Singapore, Egypt, Sierra Leone, Bolivia, Malta, Saudi Arabia, Netherlands, Pakistan, Gambia, Ireland, Qatar, France, Romania, Togo, Niger, Philippines, Rwanda, Bangladesh, Nicaragua, Barbados, Norway, Botswana, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Suriname, Indonesia

Time period: 1966-01-01--1975-01-01

This two-part data collection comprises information for military expenditures and transfer of armaments for 142 countries in the period 1966-1975. Part 1 consists of time series data that provide information for national military expenditures, including the yearly value of weapons exports and imports per capita, per soldier, and as a percentage of the gross national product (GNP), as well as the population per million. The country and the year form one unit, so that each country appears ten times. Part 2 data provide additional information about the current values of the total arms exported by each major supplier and the total arms transferred in the period 1964-1974 by the United States, France, United Kingdom, Canada, Poland, China, West Germany, the Soviet Union, and Czechoslovakia.

Curated

World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers, 1967-1976 (ICPSR 7713)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18

Geographic coverage: Benin, Papua New Guinea, Angola, Cambodia, Sudan, Paraguay, Portugal, Syria, North Korea, Greece, Mongolia, Morocco, Iran, Mali, Panama, Guatemala, Guyana, Czechoslovakia, Iraq, Chile, Laos, Nepal, Argentina, Tanzania, Zambia, Ghana, Bahrain, India, Canada, Guinea-Bissau, Turkey, Belgium, Taiwan, Finland, South Africa, Trinidad and Tobago, Central African Republic, Jamaica, Peru, Germany, Yemen, Vietnam (Socialist Republic), Fiji, United States, Guinea, China (Peoples Republic), Chad, Somalia, Sao Tome and Principe, Madagascar, Ivory Coast, Thailand, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Costa Rica, Sweden, Malawi, Poland, Kuwait, Jordan, Nigeria, Bulgaria, Tunisia, Uruguay, Sri Lanka, United Arab Emirates, Kenya, Switzerland, Spain, Lebanon, Liberia, Cuba, Venezuela, Burkina Faso, Mauritania, Swaziland, Israel, Australia, Soviet Union, Myanmar, Cameroon, Cyprus, Malaysia, Iceland, Global, Oman, Gabon, South Korea, Great Britain, Austria, Yugoslavia, Mozambique, El Salvador, Luxembourg, Brazil, Algeria, Lesotho, Ecuador, Colombia, Hungary, Japan, Mauritius, Albania, New Zealand, Senegal, Italy, Honduras, Ethiopia, Haiti, Afghanistan, Burundi, Singapore, Egypt, Sierra Leone, Bolivia, Malta, Saudi Arabia, Cape Verde, Netherlands, Pakistan, Gambia, Ireland, Qatar, France, Romania, Togo, Niger, Philippines, Rwanda, Bangladesh, Nicaragua, Barbados, Norway, Democratic Republic of Congo, Botswana, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Suriname, Indonesia

Time period: 1967-01-01--1976-01-01

This data collection contains two files of world military expenditures and arms trade data for 145 countries in the period 1967-1976. Part 1 data consist of a yearly series of data for population and national military expenditures, including the value of weapons exports and imports. The country and the year form the unit of analysis, so that each country appears ten times, once for each year. Data are provided in millions of United States current and constant dollars for the total arms imports and exports, as well as for the total imports and exports of goods and services. Various socioeconomic data are presented to provide a comparative background for the series. Data are provided in millions of United States current and constant dollars for the gross national product (GNP), and for military expenditures, central government expenditures, public health expenditures, and public education expenditures as a percentage of the gross national product. Additional variables provide information on the number of armed forces personnel, teachers, and physicians per 1,000 people. Part 2 data consist of information on the total transactions in the transfer of armaments. Data are provided for the total value of arms imported by each country from individual major arms suppliers, which include the United States, United Kingdom, France, Canada, China, Poland, West Germany, and Czechoslovakia.

Curated

World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers, 1968-1977 (ICPSR 7780)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16

Geographic coverage: Benin, Papua New Guinea, Angola, Cambodia, Sudan, Paraguay, Portugal, Syria, North Korea, Greece, Mongolia, Morocco, Iran, Mali, Panama, Guatemala, Guyana, Czechoslovakia, Iraq, Chile, Laos, Nepal, Argentina, Tanzania, Zambia, Ghana, Bahrain, India, Canada, Guinea-Bissau, Turkey, Belgium, Taiwan, Finland, South Africa, Trinidad and Tobago, Central African Republic, Jamaica, Peru, Germany, Yemen, Vietnam (Socialist Republic), Fiji, United States, Guinea, China (Peoples Republic), Chad, Somalia, Sao Tome and Principe, Madagascar, Ivory Coast, Thailand, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Costa Rica, Sweden, Malawi, Poland, Kuwait, Jordan, Nigeria, Bulgaria, Tunisia, Uruguay, Sri Lanka, United Arab Emirates, Kenya, Switzerland, Spain, Lebanon, Liberia, Cuba, Venezuela, Burkina Faso, Mauritania, Swaziland, Israel, Australia, Soviet Union, Myanmar, Cameroon, Cyprus, Malaysia, Iceland, Global, Oman, Gabon, South Korea, Great Britain, Austria, Yugoslavia, Mozambique, El Salvador, Luxembourg, Brazil, Algeria, Lesotho, Ecuador, Colombia, Hungary, Japan, Mauritius, Albania, New Zealand, Senegal, Italy, Honduras, Ethiopia, Haiti, Afghanistan, Burundi, Singapore, Egypt, Sierra Leone, Bolivia, Malta, Saudi Arabia, Cape Verde, Netherlands, Pakistan, Gambia, Ireland, Qatar, France, Romania, Togo, Niger, Philippines, Rwanda, Bangladesh, Nicaragua, Barbados, Norway, Botswana, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Suriname, Indonesia

Time period: 1968-01-01--1977-01-01

This data collection contains world military expenditures and arms trade data for 140 countries in the period 1968-1977. Data are provided for national military expenditures, including the value of weapons exports and imports in millions of United States dollars, as well as for population characteristics. Various socioeconomic data are presented to provide a comparative background for the series. Data are provided on the gross national product (GNP), military expenditures, central government expenditures, public health expenditures, and public education expenditures. Additional variables provide information on the number of soldiers, teachers, and doctors per 1,000 population, and total imports and exports of other goods and services.

Curated

World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers, 1969-1978 (ICPSR 7964)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16

Geographic coverage: Benin, Papua New Guinea, Angola, Cambodia, Sudan, Paraguay, Portugal, Syria, North Korea, Greece, Mongolia, Morocco, Iran, Mali, Panama, Guatemala, Guyana, Czechoslovakia, Iraq, Chile, Laos, Nepal, Argentina, Tanzania, Zambia, Ghana, Bahrain, India, Canada, Guinea-Bissau, Turkey, Belgium, Taiwan, Finland, South Africa, Trinidad and Tobago, Central African Republic, Jamaica, Peru, Germany, Yemen, Vietnam (Socialist Republic), Fiji, United States, Guinea, China (Peoples Republic), Chad, Somalia, Madagascar, Ivory Coast, Thailand, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Costa Rica, Sweden, Malawi, Poland, Kuwait, Jordan, Nigeria, Bulgaria, Tunisia, Sao Tome And Principe, Uruguay, Sri Lanka, United Arab Emirates, Kenya, Switzerland, Spain, Lebanon, Liberia, Cuba, Venezuela, Burkina Faso, Mauritania, Swaziland, Israel, Australia, Soviet Union, Myanmar, Cameroon, Cyprus, Malaysia, Iceland, Global, Oman, Gabon, South Korea, Great Britain, Austria, Yugoslavia, Mozambique, El Salvador, Luxembourg, Brazil, Algeria, Lesotho, Ecuador, Colombia, Hungary, Japan, Mauritius, New Zealand, Senegal, Italy, Honduras, Ethiopia, Haiti, Afghanistan, Burundi, Singapore, Egypt, Sierra Leone, Bolivia, Malta, Saudi Arabia, Cape Verde, Netherlands, Pakistan, Gambia, Ireland, Qatar, France, Togo, Niger, Philippines, Rwanda, Bangladesh, Nicaragua, Barbados, Norway, Democratic Republic of Congo, Botswana, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Suriname, Indonesia

Time period: 1969-01-01--1978-01-01

This two-part data collection contains annual information for military expenditures and import and export of arms and military equipment for 139 countries for the period 1969-1978. Data are provided on arms exports and imports, total imports and exports, arms imports and exports as a percentage of the total imports and exports, the gross national product (GNP), and central government expenditures, as well as expenditures on health, education, and the military as a percentage of the GNP, and health and education expenditures as a percentage of military expenditures. Data are also provided on population characteristics, such as the number of teachers, soldiers, and doctors per 1,000 people, the number of teachers and doctors as a percentage of the number of soldiers, and the total population. Other variables provide information on the country's membership in regional alliances such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the former Warsaw Pact, and the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, as well as World Bank membership. Additional variables describe the country's developmental status and the geographic region of the world in which the country is located. In addition, Part 1 data provide information on the total value of arms transferred from major arms supplier countries such as the United States, France, United Kingdom, Italy, Canada, Poland, China, and the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, and West Germany. They are organized by country records. Part 2 data are organized by country-year records.

Curated

World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers, 1973-1983 (ICPSR 8532)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12

Geographic coverage: South America, Central America, Asia, Europe, Africa, North America, Global, Latin America

Time period: 1973-01-01--1983-01-01

This data collection, which focuses on military spending and arms transfers, supplies information on 145 developed and developing countries of the world. The first file contains background data for each country, including items such as region, sub-region, alliances (OPEC, NATO, and Warsaw Pact), and OECD and World Bank membership. The second file tabulates annual military expenditures, GNP, central government expenditures, arms imports and exports, and total imports and exports in current and constant dollars for each country from 1973 to 1983. Additional variables detail total population, number of armed forces personnel, number of armed forces personnel per 1000 people, GNP in constant dollars per capita, and military expenditures in constant dollars per capita.

Curated

World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers, 1979-1989 (ICPSR 6065)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12

Geographic coverage: South America, Central America, Asia, Europe, Africa, North America, Global, Latin America

Time period: 1979-01-01--1989-01-01

This data collection, which focuses on military spending and arms transfers, supplies information on 144 developed and developing countries of the world. Data are provided in five tables. Table I (Part 1) consists of military expenditures, armed forces, Gross National Product, central government expenditures, and population by region, organization, and country for 1979-1989. Table II (Part 2) includes arms transfer deliveries and total trade by region, organization, and country for 1979-1989. Table III (Part 3) provides cumulative information for 1985-1989 on arms transfer deliveries by major supplier and recipient country. Table IV (Part 4) contains arms transfer deliveries and agreements for 1979-1989 by supplier and recipient region. Table V (Part 5) supplies cumulative information for 1985-1989 on number of arms delivered by selected supplier, recipient developing region, and major weapon type.

Curated

World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers, 1981-1991 (ICPSR 6364)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12

Geographic coverage: South America, Central America, Asia, Europe, Africa, North America, Global, Latin America

Time period: 1981-01-01--1991-01-01

This data collection, which focuses on military spending and arms transfers, supplies information on 144 developed and developing countries of the world for which information was available. Data are provided in five tables. Table I (Part 1) consists of military expenditures, armed forces, Gross National Product, central government expenditures, and population by region, organization, and country for 1981-1991. Table II (Part 2) includes arms transfer deliveries and total trade by region, organization, and country for 1981-1991. Table III (Part 3) provides cumulative information for 1987-1991 on arms transfer deliveries by major supplier and recipient country. Table IV (Part 4) contains arms transfer deliveries and agreements for 1981-1991 by supplier and recipient region. Table V (included in the documentation) supplies cumulative information for 1987-1991 on number of arms delivered by selected supplier, recipient developing region, and major weapon type.

Curated

World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers, 1983-1993 (ICPSR 6516)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18

Geographic coverage: South America, Central America, Asia, Europe, Africa, North America, Global, Latin America

Time period: 1983-01-01--1993-01-01

This data collection, which focuses on military spending and arms transfers, supplies information on 166 developed and developing countries of the world. Data are provided in four tables. Table I (Part 1) consists of military expenditures, armed forces, Gross National Product, central government expenditures, and population by region, organization, and country for 1983-1993. Table II (Part 2) includes arms transfer deliveries and total trade by region, organization, and country for 1983-1993. Table III (Part 3) provides cumulative information for 1991-1993 on arms transfer deliveries by major supplier and recipient country. Table IV (Part 4) contains arms transfer deliveries and agreements for 1983-1993 by supplier and recipient region.

Curated

World Military Expenditure Time Series, 1961-1970 (ICPSR 5031)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12

Geographic coverage: South America, Central America, Asia, Europe, Africa, North America, Global, Latin America

This study includes data for 8 variables--military expenditure, population, GNP, armed forces, military expenditure/GNP, foreign aid given and received, and public health expenditure--by year, 1961-1970 for some 120 nations.

Curated

Worldviews 2002: American and European Public Opinion on Foreign Policy (ICPSR 3821)

Released/updated on: 2004-11-24

Geographic coverage: Netherlands, Great Britain, United States, Poland, Italy, France, Germany, Global

Time period: 2002-06-01--2002-07-01

This study is designed to measure attitudes of the general public toward foreign policy issues. First conducted in 1974, the Chicago Council on Foreign Relation's quadrennial public opinion survey is the most comprehensive and widely cited source of information on United States public and leadership attitudes on international relations and foreign policy. This year, for the first time, the German Marshall Fund of the United States partnered with the Chicago Council to undertake a parallel study in six European countries: Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, and the Netherlands. In particular, this study covered three topics: perceptions of citizens of the countries and the problems they face, the roles of the United States and the European Union (EU) in the world, and attitudes toward geopolitics and globalization. Regarding perceptions of citizens of the countries and the problems they face, respondents were asked to give their opinions on persisting friendliness of the countries toward each other, common perceptions of threats, support for multilateralism, readiness to use military force, resolve to combat terrorism, and support for NATO and its expansion. On the topic of the roles of the United States and the EU in the world, respondents were asked their feelings about United States leadership in the world, support for the EU playing a more prominent international role, whether the EU should become a superpower, and what role the EU should play militarily in the world. Concerning geopolitics and globalization, respondents were asked their opinions about Iraq, the Arab-Israeli conflict, Russia, the rise of China as a world power, the impact of globalization, and trade. Background information on respondents includes age, gender, position with respect to the liberal-conservative continuum, education, party preference, geographic region, and employment status.

Curated

Worldviews 2002: European Public Opinion on Foreign Policy (ICPSR 3730)

Released/updated on: 2005-01-19

Geographic coverage: Netherlands, Great Britain, Poland, Italy, France, Germany, Global

Time period: 2002-06-01--2002-07-01

This study is part of a larger Worldviews 2002 survey of United States and European foreign policy attitudes undertaken by The Chicago Council on Foreign Relations (CCFR) and the German Marshall Fund of the United States (GMF) (see WORLDVIEWS 2002: AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN PUBLIC OPINION ON FOREIGN POLICY [ICPSR 3821]). The survey included six countries: France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, and covered five topics: Europeans' focus on their respective countries' domestic issues, Europe's role on the world stage, European threat perception and the use of force, European views on American foreign policy, and Europe in a globalized world. Regarding focus on domestic issues, respondents were asked to give their opinions on the most important issue facing their country today and on various government programs. On the topic of Europe's role on the world stage, respondents were asked to rate their feelings on various countries as well as the European Union (EU), the influence of various countries, whether the EU or the United States was more important to their own country's vital interests, whether their own country should take an active part in world affairs, their desire for the EU to become a superpower, and what type of role their country should take in the global world. Concerning European threat perceptions and the use of force, respondents were asked about possible threats to their countries' vital interests, how willing they would be to support the use of force in various circumstances, how best to combat terrorism, and their willingness to support an attack on Iraq. On the subject of European views of American foreign policy, respondents were asked to rate the Bush administration's handling of foreign policy, evaluate the impact of the September 11th attacks on American foreign policy, rate their attitudes regarding United States spending on defense and economic assistance, and rate their desire for the United States to exert strong leadership in world affairs. On the subject of Europe in a globalized world, respondents rated their support for international institutions, the relevance of NATO, whether globalization was good or bad for their country, and whether they felt the United States practiced fair trade with Europe. Background information on respondents includes age, gender, liberal-conservative continuum, education, party preference, geographic region, and employment status.