Showing 1 – 32 of 32 results.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Organizations Convicted in Federal Criminal Courts, 2020 (ICPSR 38551)
Released/updated on: 2023-03-28
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2019-10-01--2020-09-30
These data, collected to assist in the development of sentencing guidelines, describe offense and sentencing characteristics for organizations sentenced in federal district courts in 2020. The United States Sentencing Commission's primary function is to inform federal courts of sentencing policies and practices that include guidelines prescribing the appropriate form and severity of punishment for offenders convicted of federal crimes. Court-related variables include primary offense type, pecuniary offense loss and gain, dates of disposition and sentencing, method of determination of guilt, number of counts pled and charged, and dates and types of sentencing and restitution. Defendant organization variables include ownership structure, number of owners and employees, highest level of corporate knowledge of the criminal offense, highest level of corporate indictment and conviction for participation in the criminal offense, annual revenue, equity and financial status, whether it was a criminal organization, duration of criminal activity, and risk to national security. Organizational defendants data, 2020, covers fiscal year October 1, 2019, through September 30, 2020.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Organizations Convicted in Federal Criminal Courts, 2021 (ICPSR 38554)
Released/updated on: 2023-03-28
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2020-10-01--2021-09-30
These data, collected to assist in the development of sentencing guidelines, describe offense and sentencing characteristics for organizations sentenced in federal district courts in 2021. The United States Sentencing Commission's primary function is to inform federal courts of sentencing policies and practices that include guidelines prescribing the appropriate form and severity of punishment for offenders convicted of federal crimes. Court-related variables include primary offense type, pecuniary offense loss and gain, dates of disposition and sentencing, method of determination of guilt, number of counts pled and charged, and dates and types of sentencing and restitution. Defendant organization variables include ownership structure, number of owners and employees, highest level of corporate knowledge of the criminal offense, highest level of corporate indictment and conviction for participation in the criminal offense, annual revenue, equity and financial status, whether it was a criminal organization, duration of criminal activity, and risk to national security. Organizational defendants data, 2021, covers fiscal year October 1, 2020, through September 30, 2021.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Organizations Convicted in Federal Criminal Courts, 2017 (ICPSR 37991)
Released/updated on: 2022-03-29
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2016-10-01--2017-09-30
These data, collected to assist in the development of sentencing guidelines, describe offense and sentencing characteristics for organizations sentenced in federal district courts in 2017. The United States Sentencing Commission's primary function is to inform federal courts of sentencing policies and practices that include guidelines prescribing the appropriate form and severity of punishment for offenders convicted of federal crimes. Court-related variables include primary offense type, pecuniary offense loss and gain, dates of disposition and sentencing, method of determination of guilt, number of counts pled and charged, and dates and types of sentencing and restitution. Defendant organization variables include ownership structure, number of owners and employees, highest level of corporate knowledge of the criminal offense, highest level of corporate indictment and conviction for participation in the criminal offense, annual revenue, equity and financial status, whether it was a criminal organization, duration of criminal activity, and risk to national security. Organizational defendants data, 2017, covers fiscal year October 1, 2016, through September 30, 2017.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Organizations Convicted in Federal Criminal Courts, 2018 (ICPSR 38006)
Released/updated on: 2022-03-29
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2017-10-01--2018-09-30
These data, collected to assist in the development of sentencing guidelines, describe offense and sentencing characteristics for organizations sentenced in federal district courts in 2018. The United States Sentencing Commission's primary function is to inform federal courts of sentencing policies and practices that include guidelines prescribing the appropriate form and severity of punishment for offenders convicted of federal crimes. Court-related variables include primary offense type, pecuniary offense loss and gain, dates of disposition and sentencing, method of determination of guilt, number of counts pled and charged, and dates and types of sentencing and restitution. Defendant organization variables include ownership structure, number of owners and employees, highest level of corporate knowledge of the criminal offense, highest level of corporate indictment and conviction for participation in the criminal offense, annual revenue, equity and financial status, whether it was a criminal organization, duration of criminal activity, and risk to national security. Organizational defendants data, 2018, covers fiscal year October 1, 2017, through September 30, 2018.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Organizations Convicted in Federal Criminal Courts, 2019 (ICPSR 38021)
Released/updated on: 2022-03-29
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2018-10-01--2019-09-30
These data, collected to assist in the development of sentencing guidelines, describe offense and sentencing characteristics for organizations sentenced in federal district courts in 2019. The United States Sentencing Commission's primary function is to inform federal courts of sentencing policies and practices that include guidelines prescribing the appropriate form and severity of punishment for offenders convicted of federal crimes. Court-related variables include primary offense type, pecuniary offense loss and gain, dates of disposition and sentencing, method of determination of guilt, number of counts pled and charged, and dates and types of sentencing and restitution. Defendant organization variables include ownership structure, number of owners and employees, highest level of corporate knowledge of the criminal offense, highest level of corporate indictment and conviction for participation in the criminal offense, annual revenue, equity and financial status, whether it was a criminal organization, duration of criminal activity, and risk to national security. Organizational defendants data, 2019, covers fiscal year October 1, 2018, through September 30, 2019.
Curated
Restricted
21st Century Corporate Financial Fraud, United States, 2005-2010 (ICPSR 37328)
Released/updated on: 2021-06-29
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1997-01-01--2010-12-31
The Corporate Financial Fraud project is a study of company and top-executive characteristics of firms that ultimately violated Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) financial accounting and securities fraud provisions compared to a sample of public companies that did not. The fraud firm sample was identified through systematic review of SEC accounting enforcement releases from 2005-2010, which included administrative and civil actions, and referrals for criminal prosecution that were identified through mentions in enforcement release, indictments, and news searches. The non-fraud firms were randomly selected from among nearly 10,000 US public companies censused and active during at least one year between 2005-2010 in Standard and Poor's Compustat data. The Company and Top-Executive (CEO) databases combine information from numerous publicly available sources, many in raw form that were hand-coded (e.g., for fraud firms: Accounting and Auditing Enforcement Releases (AAER) enforcement releases, investigation summaries, SEC-filed complaints, litigation proceedings and case outcomes). Financial and structural information on companies for the year leading up to the financial fraud (or around year 2000 for non-fraud firms) was collected from Compustat financial statement data on Form 10-Ks, and supplemented by hand-collected data from original company 10-Ks, proxy statements, or other financial reports accessed via Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval (EDGAR), SEC's data-gathering search tool. For CEOs, data on personal background characteristics were collected from Execucomp and BoardEx databases, supplemented by hand-collection from proxy-statement biographies.
Curated
Preventing and Controlling Corporate Crime: The Dual Role of Corporate Boards and Legal Sanctions, United States, 1996-2013 (ICPSR 37463)
Released/updated on: 2021-04-29
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1996-01-01--2013-12-31
This project consists of secondary analysis material (syntax only, no data). The original study that the material pertains to examines two distinct but related types of corporate crime prevention and control mechanisms--one that rests on firm governance (specifically, the Board of Directors) and the other on formal legal interventions. Specifically, the study examines whether (ceteris paribus) firms with more gender diversity on their boards are less involved in offending than firms whose boards are less diverse and whether changes in board diversity over time affect firm offending patterns. Of additional interest is how firms respond to legal discovery and punishment.
Do they change their governance structures (i.e., become more diverse) due to formal legal discovery?
Are firms generally deterred from reoffending (recidivism) when discovered or does deterrence depend on the government's response to offenders?
In particular, are certain regimes (criminal, civil, or regulatory) more successful at crime control than others?
Relevant data are collected from a variety of secondary sources, including corporate financial, statistical, and governance information. These data are then linked to cases of corporate offending (accounting fraud, bribery, environmental and anti-competitive) for 3,327 US based companies between 1996 and 2013.
Analyses-NIJ-5.21.2019--2-.do: Syntax (Stata) used to create type of offense count; domain of processing (civil, criminal, regulatory); offense distribution (by corporate year), female board membership (count and percent); Reoffending (by enforcement type and governance characteristics).
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Organizations Convicted in Federal Criminal Courts, 2016 (ICPSR 36980)
Released/updated on: 2018-06-06
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2015-10-01--2016-09-30
These data, collected to assist in the development of sentencing guidelines, describe offense and sentencing characteristics for organizations sentenced in federal district courts in 2016. The United States Sentencing Commission's primary function is to inform federal courts of sentencing policies and practices that include guidelines prescribing the appropriate form and severity of punishment for offenders convicted of federal crimes. Court-related variables include primary offense type, pecuniary offense loss and gain, dates of disposition and sentencing, method of determination of guilt, number of counts pled and charged, and dates and types of sentencing and restitution. Defendant organization variables include ownership structure, number of owners and employees, highest level of corporate knowledge of the criminal offense, highest level of corporate indictment and conviction for participation in the criminal offense, annual revenue, equity and financial status, whether it was a criminal organization, duration of criminal activity, and risk to national security. Organizational defendants data, 2016, covers fiscal year October 1, 2015, through September 30, 2016.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Organizations Convicted in Federal Criminal Courts, 2014 (ICPSR 36570)
Released/updated on: 2017-02-09
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2013-10-01--2014-09-30
These data, collected to assist in the development of sentencing guidelines, describe offense and sentencing characteristics for organizations sentenced in federal district courts in 2014. The United States Sentencing Commission's primary function is to inform federal courts of sentencing policies and practices that include guidelines prescribing the appropriate form and severity of punishment for offenders convicted of federal crimes. Court-related variables include primary offense type, pecuniary offense loss and gain, dates of disposition and sentencing, method of determination of guilt, number of counts pled and charged, and dates and types of sentencing and restitution. Defendant organization variables include ownership structure, number of owners and employees, highest level of corporate knowledge of the criminal offense, highest level of corporate indictment and conviction for participation in the criminal offense, annual revenue, equity and financial status, whether it was a criminal organization, duration of criminal activity, and risk to national security. Organizational defendants data, 2014, covers fiscal year October 1, 2013, through September 30, 2014.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Organizations Convicted in Federal Criminal Courts, 2015 (ICPSR 36573)
Released/updated on: 2017-02-09
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2014-10-01--2015-09-30
These data, collected to assist in the development of sentencing guidelines, describe offense and sentencing characteristics for organizations sentenced in federal district courts in 2015. The United States Sentencing Commission's primary function is to inform federal courts of sentencing policies and practices that include guidelines prescribing the appropriate form and severity of punishment for offenders convicted of federal crimes. Court-related variables include primary offense type, pecuniary offense loss and gain, dates of disposition and sentencing, method of determination of guilt, number of counts pled and charged, and dates and types of sentencing and restitution. Defendant organization variables include ownership structure, number of owners and employees, highest level of corporate knowledge of the criminal offense, highest level of corporate indictment and conviction for participation in the criminal offense, annual revenue, equity and financial status, whether it was a criminal organization, duration of criminal activity, and risk to national security. Organizational defendants data, 2015, covers fiscal year October 1, 2014, through September 30, 2015.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Organizations Convicted in Federal Criminal Courts, 2013 (ICPSR 35347)
Released/updated on: 2014-12-03
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2012-10-01--2013-09-30
These data, collected to assist in the development of sentencing guidelines, describe offense and sentencing characteristics for organizations sentenced in federal district courts in 2013. The United States Sentencing Commission's primary function is to inform federal courts of sentencing policies and practices that include guidelines prescribing the appropriate form and severity of punishment for offenders convicted of federal crimes. Court-related variables include primary offense type, pecuniary offense loss and gain, dates of disposition and sentencing, method of determination of guilt, number of counts pled and charged, and dates and types of sentencing and restitution. Defendant organization variables include ownership structure, number of owners and employees, highest level of corporate knowledge of the criminal offense, highest level of corporate indictment and conviction for participation in the criminal offense, annual revenue, equity and financial status, whether it was a criminal organization, duration of criminal activity, and risk to national security. Organizational defendants data, 2013, covers fiscal year October 1, 2012, through September 30, 2013.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Organizations Convicted in Federal Criminal Courts, 2012 (ICPSR 35344)
Released/updated on: 2014-11-25
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2011-10-01--2012-09-30
These data, collected to assist in the development of sentencing guidelines, describe offense and sentencing characteristics for organizations sentenced in federal district courts in 2012. The United States Sentencing Commission's primary function is to inform federal courts of sentencing policies and practices that include guidelines prescribing the appropriate form and severity of punishment for offenders convicted of federal crimes. Court-related variables include primary offense type, pecuniary offense loss and gain, dates of disposition and sentencing, method of determination of guilt, number of counts pled and charged, and dates and types of sentencing and restitution. Defendant organization variables include ownership structure, number of owners and employees, highest level of corporate knowledge of the criminal offense, highest level of corporate indictment and conviction for participation in the criminal offense, annual revenue, equity and financial status, whether it was a criminal organization, duration of criminal activity, and risk to national security. Organizational defendants data, 2012, covers fiscal year October 1, 2011, through September 30, 2012.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Organizations Convicted in Federal Criminal Courts, 2011 (ICPSR 35341)
Released/updated on: 2014-10-28
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2010-10-01--2011-09-30
These data, collected to assist in the development of sentencing guidelines, describe offense and sentencing characteristics for organizations sentenced in federal district courts in 2011. The United States Sentencing Commission's primary function is to inform federal courts of sentencing policies and practices that include guidelines prescribing the appropriate form and severity of punishment for offenders convicted of federal crimes. Court-related variables include primary offense type, pecuniary offense loss and gain, dates of disposition and sentencing, method of determination of guilt, number of counts pled and charged, and dates and types of sentencing and restitution. Defendant organization variables include ownership structure, number of owners and employees, highest level of corporate knowledge of the criminal offense, highest level of corporate indictment and conviction for participation in the criminal offense, annual revenue, equity and financial status, whether it was a criminal organization, duration of criminal activity, and risk to national security. Organizational defendants data, 2011, covers fiscal year October 1, 2010, through September 30, 2011.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Organizations Convicted in Federal Criminal Courts, 2009 (ICPSR 28603)
Released/updated on: 2014-09-24
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2008-10-01--2009-09-30
These data, collected to assist in the development of sentencing guidelines, describe offense and sentencing characteristics for organizations sentenced in federal district courts in 2009. The United States Sentencing Commission's primary function is to inform federal courts of sentencing policies and practices that include guidelines prescribing the appropriate form and severity of punishment for offenders convicted of federal crimes. Court-related variables include primary offense type, pecuniary offense loss and gain, dates of disposition and sentencing, method of determination of guilt, number of counts pled and charged, and dates and types of sentencing and restitution. Defendant organization variables include ownership structure, number of owners and employees, highest level of corporate knowledge of the criminal offense, highest level of corporate indictment and conviction for participation in the criminal offense, annual revenue, equity and financial status, whether it was a criminal organization, duration of criminal activity, and risk to national security. Organizational defendants data, 2009, covers fiscal year October 1, 2008, through September 30, 2009.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Organizations Convicted in Federal Criminal Courts, 2010 (ICPSR 35338)
Released/updated on: 2014-09-24
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2009-10-01--2010-09-30
These data, collected to assist in the development of sentencing guidelines, describe offense and sentencing characteristics for organizations sentenced in federal district courts in 2010. The United States Sentencing Commission's primary function is to inform federal courts of sentencing policies and practices that include guidelines prescribing the appropriate form and severity of punishment for offenders convicted of federal crimes. Court-related variables include primary offense type, pecuniary offense loss and gain, dates of disposition and sentencing, method of determination of guilt, number of counts pled and charged, and dates and types of sentencing and restitution. Defendant organization variables include ownership structure, number of owners and employees, highest level of corporate knowledge of the criminal offense, highest level of corporate indictment and conviction for participation in the criminal offense, annual revenue, equity and financial status, whether it was a criminal organization, duration of criminal activity, and risk to national security. Organizational defendants data, 2010, covers fiscal year October 1, 2009, through September 30, 2010.
Curated
Organizations Convicted in Federal Criminal Courts, 2006 (ICPSR 20102)
Released/updated on: 2014-06-27
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2005-10-01--2006-09-30
These data, collected to assist in the development of sentencing guidelines, describe offense and sentencing characteristics for organizations sentenced in federal district courts in 2006. The United States Sentencing Commission's primary function is to inform federal courts of sentencing policies and practices that include guidelines prescribing the appropriate form and severity of punishment for offenders convicted of federal crimes. Court-related variables include primary offense type, pecuniary offense loss and gain, dates of disposition and sentencing, method of determination of guilt, number of counts pled and charged, and dates and types of sentencing and restitution. Defendant organization variables include ownership structure, number of owners and employees, highest level of corporate knowledge of the criminal offense, highest level of corporate indictment and conviction for participation in the criminal offense, annual revenue, equity and financial status, whether it was a criminal organization, duration of criminal activity, and risk to national security. Organizational defendants data, 2006, covers fiscal year October 1, 2005, through September 30, 2006. In 1999, the United States Sentencing Commission added more variables from its databases to this collection, so the data are now provided in two files. Several variables iterate to include multiple occurrences of the same event. Part 1, Main Data, includes all noniterating variables plus the first occurrence of each iterating variable. Over 99 percent of the valid data is captured in this variable for most sets of iterations. Part 2, Supplementary Data, includes the remaining iterations.
Curated
Organizations Convicted in Federal Criminal Courts, 2007 (ICPSR 22625)
Released/updated on: 2014-06-27
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2006-10-01--2007-09-30
These data, collected to assist in the development of
sentencing guidelines, describe offense and sentencing characteristics
for organizations sentenced in federal district courts in 2007. The
United States Sentencing Commission's primary function is to inform
federal courts of sentencing policies and practices that include
guidelines prescribing the appropriate form and severity of punishment
for offenders convicted of federal crimes. Court-related variables
include primary offense type, pecuniary offense loss and gain, dates
of disposition and sentencing, method of determination of guilt,
number of counts pled and charged, and dates and types of sentencing
and restitution. Defendant organization variables include ownership
structure, number of owners and employees, highest level of corporate
knowledge of the criminal offense, highest level of corporate
indictment and conviction for participation in the criminal offense,
annual revenue, equity and financial status, whether it was a criminal
organization, duration of criminal activity, and risk to national
security. Organizational defendants data, 2007, covers fiscal year
October 1, 2006, through September 30, 2007.
Curated
Organizations Convicted in Federal Criminal Courts, 1987-1998 (ICPSR 9513)
Released/updated on: 2014-06-27
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1987-10-01--1998-09-30
These data, collected to assist in the development of sentencing guidelines, describe offense and sentencing characteristics for organizations sentenced in federal district courts in 1987-1998. The United States Sentencing Commission's primary function is to inform federal courts of sentencing policies and practices that include guidelines prescribing the appropriate form and severity of punishment for offenders convicted of federal crimes. Court-related variables include primary offense type, pecuniary offense loss and gain, dates of disposition and sentencing, method of determination of guilt, number of counts pled and charged, and dates and types of sentencing and restitution. Defendant organization variables include ownership structure, number of owners and employees, highest level of corporate knowledge of the criminal offense, highest level of corporate indictment and conviction for participation in the criminal offense, annual revenue, equity and financial status of the defendant organization, whether it was a criminal organization, duration of criminal activity, and risk to national security. Part 1, Organizational Defendants Data, 1988, describes offense and sentencing characteristics for organizations sentenced in federal district courts in 1988. Part 2, Organizational Defendants Data, 1989-1990, is a compilation of offense and sentencing characteristics for the population of organizations sentenced in federal district courts during the period January 1, 1989, to June 30, 1990. Part 3, Statute Data, 1989-1990, is a secondary component of the Commission's study that includes only the statutes of conviction and number of counts per conviction, during the period January 1, 1989, to June 30, 1990. Part 4, Organizational Defendants Data, 1987-1993, includes all organizational defendants sentenced pursuant to the Chapter Two, Part R (1987) antitrust guidelines and the Chapter Eight (1991) sentencing guidelines for organizational defendants that were sentenced between November 1, 1987, through September 30, 1993, and were received by the Commission. Part 5, Organizational Defendants Data, 1994, gives information on organizational defendants sentenced during fiscal year October 1, 1993, through September 30, 1994, and includes culpability scores and Chapter Eight (1991) culpability scoring procedures. Part 6, Organizational Defendants Data, 1995, covers fiscal year October 1, 1994, through September 30, 1995, and also includes culpability scores and Chapter Eight (1991) culpability scoring procedures. This file includes nine defendants sentenced pursuant to Section 2R1.1 (1987) and 111 defendants sentenced pursuant to the Chapter Eight guidelines. Part 7, Organizational Defendants Data, 1996, covers fiscal year October 1, 1995, through September 30, 1996. This file includes nine defendants sentenced pursuant to Section 2R1.1 (1987) and 157 defendants sentenced pursuant to the Chapter Eight guidelines. Part 8, Organizational Defendants Data, 1997, covers fiscal year October 1, 1996, through September 30, 1997. This file includes two defendants sentenced pursuant to Section 2R1.1 (1987) and 220 defendants sentenced pursuant to the Chapter Eight guidelines. Part 9, Organizational Defendants Data, 1998, covers fiscal year October 1, 1997, through September 30, 1998. This file includes one defendant sentenced pursuant to Section 2R1.1 (1987) and 218 defendants sentenced pursuant to the Chapter Eight guidelines, and one defendant for which complete guideline application information was not received. The database does not include organizational defendants sentenced pursuant to pre-guideline procedures.
Curated
Organizations Convicted in Federal Criminal Courts, 2008 (ICPSR 25426)
Released/updated on: 2014-06-27
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2007-10-01--2008-09-30
These data, collected to assist in the development of sentencing guidelines, describe offense and sentencing characteristics for organizations sentenced in federal district courts in 2008. The United States Sentencing Commission's primary function is to inform federal courts of sentencing policies and practices that include guidelines prescribing the appropriate form and severity of punishment for offenders convicted of federal crimes. Court-related variables include primary offense type, pecuniary offense loss and gain, dates of disposition and sentencing, method of determination of guilt, number of counts pled and charged, and dates and types of sentencing and restitution. Defendant organization variables include ownership structure, number of owners and employees, highest level of corporate knowledge of the criminal offense, highest level of corporate indictment and conviction for participation in the criminal offense, annual revenue, equity and financial status, whether it was a criminal organization, duration of criminal activity, and risk to national security. Organizational defendants data, 2008, covers fiscal year October 1, 2007, through September 30, 2008.
Curated
Organizations Convicted in Federal Criminal Courts, 1999 (ICPSR 3104)
Released/updated on: 2014-06-27
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1998-10-01--1999-09-30
These data, collected to assist in the development of sentencing guidelines, describe offense and sentencing characteristics for organizations sentenced in federal district courts in 1999. The United States Sentencing Commission's primary function is to inform federal courts of sentencing policies and practices that include guidelines prescribing the appropriate form and severity of punishment for offenders convicted of federal crimes. Court-related variables include primary offense type, pecuniary offense loss and gain, dates of disposition and sentencing, method of determination of guilt, number of counts pled and charged, and dates and types of sentencing and restitution. Defendant organization variables include ownership structure, number of owners and employees, highest level of corporate knowledge of the criminal offense, highest level of corporate indictment and conviction for participation in the criminal offense, annual revenue, equity and financial status of the defendant organization, whether it was a criminal organization, duration of criminal activity, and risk to national security. Organizational Defendants Data, 1999, covers fiscal year October 1, 1998, through September 30, 1999.
Curated
Organizations Convicted in Federal Criminal Courts, 2005 (ICPSR 4609)
Released/updated on: 2014-06-27
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2004-10-01--2005-09-30
These data, collected to assist in the development of sentencing guidelines, describe offense and sentencing characteristics for organizations sentenced in federal district courts in 2005. The United States Sentencing Commission's primary function is to inform federal courts of sentencing policies and practices that include guidelines prescribing the appropriate form and severity of punishment for offenders convicted of federal crimes. Court-related variables include primary offense type, pecuniary offense loss and gain, dates of disposition and sentencing, method of determination of guilt, number of counts pled and charged, and dates and types of sentencing and restitution. Defendant organization variables include ownership structure, number of owners and employees, highest level of corporate knowledge of the criminal offense, highest level of corporate indictment and conviction for participation in the criminal offense, annual revenue, equity and financial status, whether it was a criminal organization, duration of criminal activity, and risk to national security. Organizational defendants data, 2005, covers fiscal year October 1, 2004, through September 30, 2005.
Curated
Organizations Convicted in Federal Criminal Courts, 2004 (ICPSR 4628)
Released/updated on: 2014-06-27
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2003-10-01--2004-09-30
These data, collected to assist in the development of sentencing guidelines, describe offense and sentencing characteristics for organizations sentenced in federal district courts in 2004. The United States Sentencing Commission's primary function is to inform federal courts of sentencing policies and practices that include guidelines prescribing the appropriate form and severity of punishment for offenders convicted of federal crimes. Court-related variables include primary offense type, pecuniary offense loss and gain, dates of disposition and sentencing, method of determination of guilt, number of counts pled and charged, and dates and types of sentencing and restitution. Defendant organization variables include ownership structure, number of owners and employees, highest level of corporate knowledge of the criminal offense, highest level of corporate indictment and conviction for participation in the criminal offense, annual revenue, equity and financial status, whether it was a criminal organization, duration of criminal activity, and risk to national security. Organizational defendants data, 2004, covers fiscal year October 1, 2003, through September 30, 2004.
Curated
Organizations Convicted in Federal Criminal Courts, 2003 (ICPSR 4631)
Released/updated on: 2014-06-27
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2002-10-01--2003-09-30
These data, collected to assist in the development of sentencing guidelines, describe offense and sentencing characteristics for organizations sentenced in federal district courts in 2003. The United States Sentencing Commission's primary function is to inform federal courts of sentencing policies and practices that include guidelines prescribing the appropriate form and severity of punishment for offenders convicted of federal crimes. Court-related variables include primary offense type, pecuniary offense loss and gain, dates of disposition and sentencing, method of determination of guilt, number of counts pled and charged, and dates and types of sentencing and restitution. Defendant organization variables include ownership structure, number of owners and employees, highest level of corporate knowledge of the criminal offense, highest level of corporate indictment and conviction for participation in the criminal offense, annual revenue, equity and financial status, whether it was a criminal organization, duration of criminal activity, and risk to national security. Organizational defendants data, 2003, covers fiscal year October 1, 2002, through September 30, 2003.
Curated
Organizations Convicted in Federal Criminal Courts, 2002 (ICPSR 4109)
Released/updated on: 2014-06-27
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2001-10-01--2002-09-30
These data, collected to assist in the development of sentencing guidelines, describe offense and sentencing characteristics for organizations sentenced in federal district courts in 2002. The United States Sentencing Commission's primary function is to inform federal courts of sentencing policies and practices that include guidelines prescribing the appropriate form and severity of punishment for offenders convicted of federal crimes. Court-related variables include primary offense type, pecuniary offense loss and gain, dates of disposition and sentencing, method of determination of guilt, number of counts pled and charged, and dates and types of sentencing and restitution. Defendant organization variables include ownership structure, number of owners and employees, highest level of corporate knowledge of the criminal offense, highest level of corporate indictment and conviction for participation in the criminal offense, annual revenue, equity and financial status, whether it was a criminal organization, duration of criminal activity, and risk to national security. Organizational Defendants Data, 2002, covers fiscal year October 1, 2001, through September 30, 2002.
Curated
Organizations Convicted in Federal Criminal Courts, 2000 (ICPSR 3495)
Released/updated on: 2014-06-27
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1999-10-01--2000-09-30
These data, collected to assist in the development of sentencing guidelines, describe offense and sentencing characteristics for organizations sentenced in federal district courts in 2000. The United States Sentencing Commission's primary function is to inform federal courts of sentencing policies and practices that include guidelines prescribing the appropriate form and severity of punishment for offenders convicted of federal crimes. Court-related variables include primary offense type, pecuniary offense loss and gain, dates of disposition and sentencing, method of determination of guilt, number of counts pled and charged, and dates and types of sentencing and restitution. Defendant organization variables include ownership structure, number of owners and employees, highest level of corporate knowledge of the criminal offense, highest level of corporate indictment and conviction for participation in the criminal offense, annual revenue, equity and financial status of the defendant organization, whether it was a criminal organization, duration of criminal activity, and risk to national security. Organizational Defendants Data, 2000, covers fiscal year October 1, 1999, through September 30, 2000.
Curated
Organizations Convicted in Federal Criminal Courts, 2001 (ICPSR 3498)
Released/updated on: 2014-06-27
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2000-10-01--2001-09-30
These data, collected to assist in the development of sentencing guidelines, describe offense and sentencing characteristics for organizations sentenced in federal district courts in 2001. The United States Sentencing Commission's primary function is to inform federal courts of sentencing policies and practices that include guidelines prescribing the appropriate form and severity of punishment for offenders convicted of federal crimes. Court-related variables include primary offense type, pecuniary offense loss and gain, dates of disposition and sentencing, method of determination of guilt, number of counts pled and charged, and dates and types of sentencing and restitution. Defendant organization variables include ownership structure, number of owners and employees, highest level of corporate knowledge of the criminal offense, highest level of corporate indictment and conviction for participation in the criminal offense, annual revenue, equity and financial status of the defendant organization, whether it was a criminal organization, duration of criminal activity, and risk to national security. Organizational Defendants Data, 2001, covers fiscal year October 1, 2000, through September 30, 2001.
Curated
Partially restricted
Assessing Punitive and Cooperative Strategies of Corporate Crime Control for Select Companies Operating in 1995 Through 2000 [United States] (ICPSR 22180)
Released/updated on: 2011-01-27
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1995-01-01--2000-12-31
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the extent to which deterrence or cooperative strategies motivated firms and their facilities to comply with environmental regulations. The project collected administrative data (secondary data) for a sample of publicly owned, United States companies in the pulp and paper, steel, and oil refining industries from 1995 to 2000 to track each firm's economic, environmental, and enforcement compliance history. Company Economic and Size Data (Part 1) from 1993 to 2000 were gathered from the Standard and Poor's Industrial Compustat, Mergent Online, and Securities and Exchange Commission, resulting in 512 company/year observations. Next, the research team used the Directory of Corporate Affiliations, the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Toxic Release Inventory (TRI), and the EPA's Permit Compliance System (PCS) to identify all facilities owned by the sample of firms between 1995 and 2000. Researchers then gathered Facility Ownership Data (Part 2), resulting in 15,408 facility/year observations.
The research team gathered various types of PCS data from the EPA for facilities in the sample. Permit Compliance System Facility Data (Part 3) were gathered on the 214 unique major National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits issued to facilities in the sample. Although permits were given to facilities, facilities could have one or more discharge points (e.g., pipes) that released polluted water directly into surface waters. Thus, Permit Compliance System Discharge Points (Pipe Layout) Data (Part 4) were also collected on 1,995 pipes.
The EPA determined compliance using two methods: inspections and evaluations/assessments. Permit Compliance System Inspections Data (Part 5) were collected on a total of 1,943 inspections. Permit Compliance System Compliance Schedule Data (Part 6) were collected on a total of 3,336 compliance schedule events. Permit Compliance System Compliance Schedule Violation Data (Part 7) were obtained for a total of 246 compliance schedule violations. Permit Compliance System Single Event Violations Data (Part 8) were collected on 75 single event violations. Permit Compliance System Measurement/Effluent and Reporting Violations Data (Part 9) were collected for 396,479 violations. Permit Compliance System Enforcement Actions Data (Part 10) were collected on 1,730 enforcement actions.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration Data (Part 11) were collected on a total of 2,243 inspections. The OSHA data were collected by company name and include multiple facilities owned by each company and were not limited to facilities in the Permit Compliance System. Additional information about firm noncompliance was drawn from EPA Docket and CrimDoc systems. Administrative and Judicial Docket Case Data (Part 12) were collected on 40 administrative and civil cases. Administrative and Judicial Docket Case Settlement Data (Part 13) were collected on 36 administrative and civil cases. Criminal Case Data (Part 14) were collected on three criminal cases.
For secondary data analysis purposes, the research team created the Yearly Final Report Data (Part 15) and the Quarterly Final Report Data (Part 16). The yearly data contain a total of 378 company/year observations; the quarterly data contain a total of 1,486 company/quarter observations.
The research team also conducted a vignette survey of the same set of companies that are in the secondary data to measure compliance and managerial decision-making. Concerning the Vignette Data (Part 17), a factorial survey was developed and administered to company managers tapping into perceptions of the costs and benefits of pro-social and anti-social conduct for themselves and their companies. A total of 114 respondents from 2 of the sampled corporations read and responded to a total of 384 vignettes representing 4 scenario types: technical noncompliance, significant noncompliance, over-compliance, and response to counter-terrorism.
Part 1 contains 19 economic and size variables. Part 2 contains a total of eight variables relating to ownership. Part 3 contains 67 variables with regard to facility characteristics. Part 4 contains 31 variables relating to discharge points and pipe layout information. Part 5 contains 13 inspections characteristics variables. Part 6 contains 13 compliance schedule event characteristics variables. Part 7 contains 11 compliance schedule violation characteristics variables. Part 8 contains 10 single event violation characteristics variables. Part 9 contains 79 variables including variables for matching limits and discharge monitoring reports, actual limits (permitted levels) variables, standardized limits variables, statistical base codes variables, reported units on limits variables, units for standardized limits variables, sampling information variables, additional limits information, actual DMR reports for each limit, effluent violations, and variables relating to technical aspects of reporting. Part 10 contains 26 enforcement actions variables. Part 11 contains 24 Occupational Safety and Health Administration inspection variables. Part 12 contains 39 administrative and judicial court case characteristics variables. Part 13 contains 21 court case settlement characteristics variables. Part 14 contains 9 criminal case characteristics variables. Part 15 contains 95 variables created for final report analyses by year. Part 16 contains 46 variables created for final report analyses by quarter. Part 17 contains 157 variables including pro-social variables with security/over-compliance intentions, noncompliance variables with technical/significant noncompliance intentions, vignette characteristics variables, other variables derived from survey questions, environmental norms variables, and demographic characteristics variables.
Curated
CBS News/New York Times Monthly Poll #2, July 2002 (ICPSR 3700)
Released/updated on: 2009-04-29
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2002-07-01--2002-07-31
This poll is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Respondents were asked to give their opinions of President George W. Bush and his handling of the presidency, foreign policy, the economy, and the situation between Israel and the Palestinians, as well as their views on the single most important problem for the president and Congress to address in the coming year. Respondents also expressed their views on Congress and the federal government, big business influence on George W. Bush, the seriousness of corporate accounting scandals for the nation's economy, and big business contribution to communities and the environment. Respondents gave their opinions of John Ashcroft and Dick Cheney, as well as their views on reports about companies accused of fraudulent accounting practices, George W. Bush's proposals for reforming corporate accounting practices, the frequency of white-collar crime in American business, insider trading in the stock market, George W. Bush's past business dealings with Harken Energy, and Dick Cheney's past business dealings as the chief executive of Halliburton Company. Respondents also answered a set of questions regarding the establishment of a Palestinian homeland in the West Bank and Gaza, the Republican party, the Democratic party, and the health care system in the United States. Respondents were asked to express their opinions about the ability of the United States government to capture Osama Bin Laden and likelihood of another terrorist attack in the United States. In addition, those queried were asked a series of questions regarding their personal investments. Background information includes respondents' political affiliation, marital status, number of household members, religion, education, age, race, income, and gender.
Curated
CBS News Monthly Poll, August 2002 (ICPSR 3702)
Released/updated on: 2009-04-29
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2002-08-01--2002-08-31
This poll is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Respondents were asked to give their opinions of President George W. Bush and his handling of the presidency, the campaign against terrorism, and the economy, as well as their views on Dick Cheney and his handling of his job as vice president. They also commented on the national economy, the stock market, Bush's proposals for reforming corporate accounting practices, the Bush administration, disputes between Israel and the Palestinians, the United States' responsibility for and capability of resolving the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians, and United States military actions against Iraq to remove Saddam Hussein from power. Also probed were current and probable future unemployment in the respondents' households, their retirement status and situation, and their family financial situation. Those queried also presented their views on whether the United States had the right to try to weaken and overthrow governments that were unfriendly to the United States or that were believed to pose a threat to the United States. A series of questions focused on Elvis Presley, his home in Memphis, Tennessee, called Graceland, and rumors and stories about Elvis Presley being alive. Background information on respondents includes political affiliation, marital status, religion, education, age, gender, race, and income.
Curated
ABC News/Washington Post Poll, July 2002 (ICPSR 3564)
Released/updated on: 2004-05-20
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2002-07-01--2002-07-31
This poll, conducted July 11-15, 2002, is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on a range of political and social issues. Respondents gave their opinions of President George W. Bush and his handling of the presidency and issues such as the economy, foreign affairs, health care, education, the environment, and Social Security. Questions were posed regarding the honesty of corporate executives, whether large corporations could be trusted to account for their financial condition, whether there should be new laws regulating accounting practices and stricter penalties for corporate financial crime, and which factors contributed to recent corporate accounting scandals. Respondents were asked about the condition of the national economy, whether their financial situation was better or worse than two years ago, whether they or a family member lost their job in the previous six months, how confident they were that they would have sufficient retirement savings, and whether they had retirement savings other than Social Security. Several questions asked respondents whether they had money invested in individual stocks or mutual funds, how concerned they were about the recent drop in the stock market, whether they felt that the stock market was a safe or risky investment, and whether it should have more or less government regulation. Opinions were solicited on whether President Bush and the United States Congress cared more about protecting the interests of ordinary working people or large business corporations, whether it was better or worse for the country if the President belonged to the same party that controlled Congress, and whether the Democratic or Republican party could be better trusted to handle issues such as national defense, the federal budget, and the campaign against terrorism. Respondents were asked if they approved of the way the United States Congress and their own representative was handling their jobs, how closely they were following the upcoming congressional election, the likelihood that they would vote, whether they would vote for the Democratic or Republican candidate, which factors were most important in their vote, and whom they would vote for in their state's 2004 presidential primary or caucus if the choice of candidates included Senate Majority Leader Tom Daschle, Senator Joseph Lieberman, House Minority Leader Dick Gephardt, former Vice President Al Gore, Senator John Kerry, Senator John Edwards, and Governor Howard Dean. Respondents were also asked whether their state was facing budget problems, the seriousness of the problem, and the degree to which their state governor, state legislature, the United States Congress, President Bush, and overall economic conditions were responsible. Other topics addressed respondents' level of confidence in the United States government to prevent future terrorist attacks, how worried they were about the possibility of more major terrorist attacks in the United States, and the success of the United States campaign against terrorism. Background variables include age, sex, ethnicity, household income, religion, education, employment status, subjective size of community, labor union membership, political orientation, political party affiliation, and voter registration and participation history.
Curated
Washington Post Poll, February 2002 (ICPSR 3434)
Released/updated on: 2002-06-27
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2002-02-01--2002-02-28
This poll is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. This poll was undertaken to assess respondents' views on current events since the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. Respondents were asked whether they felt things were going in the right direction in the United States or if they have gotten seriously off track, and whether President George W. Bush and the Democratic leaders of Congress were making progress on solving the nation's problems. They were questioned about whether they approved of the manner in which Congress, as a whole, and their own representative, in particular, were doing their respective jobs. Respondents were then asked to describe the state of the nation's economy and identify who or what deserved the credit/blame for this: President Bush, Republicans in Congress, Democrats in Congress, normal changes in the business cycle, the events of September 11th or former president Bill Clinton. In addition, respondents' political knowledge was tested based on whether they were aware that Donald Rumsfeld was the current Secretary of Defense, and that an education reform bill had been passed by congress and signed into law this year by President Bush. Respondents were also questioned on how closely they were attuned to the following events: the war in Afghanistan, possible new terrorist attacks on the United States, the collapse of the Texas-based energy company Enron, the 2002 winter Olympics, upcoming congressional elections, and debates on campaign finance reform and an economic stimulus package. Also, on the matter of Enron, respondents were asked who they felt bore more responsibility for the current situation, Democrats or Republicans. Regarding September 11th, respondents were asked how this affected their interest in political news, and what importance they now placed on partisan politics. Respondents were also queried about their stance on possible United States military action against Iraq to remove Saddam Hussein from power. Background information on respondents includes age, gender, political party, education, religion, voter participation history, area of residence, labor union membership, race, and household income.
Curated
Illegal Corporate Behavior, 1975-1976 (ICPSR 7855)
Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1975-01-01--1976-12-31
This study represents the first large-scale comprehensive investigation of corporate violations of law. It examines the extent and nature of these illegal activities, the internal corporate structure and the economic setting in which the violations occurred.