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Self-published

Revisiting the Long-Term Effects of Political Violence on Human Capital Accumulation in Peru: A Replication of Leon (2012) (ICPSR 209721)

Released/updated on: 2026-02-03
Leon (2012) found that exposure to political violence in Peru negatively affected human capital accumulation in the short and long run using a sample of 2 percent of 1993 and 2007 censuses. This paper demonstrates that those findings are not robust when using the complete census data. We find significantly smaller estimates and provide evidence that the assumption of parallel trends does not hold, modifying Leon's main conclusions (2012) significantly. Finally, we show valid evidence of a true adverse effect of political violence, but only for those exposed in utero. Keywords: Replication, Conflict, Human Capital, Long-term effects.
Self-published

Prices and Wages in Indonesia, 1938-1949 (ICPSR 240972)

Released/updated on: 2025-12-08
Geographic coverage: Indonesia
Time period: 1938-01-01--1949-12-31
This paper investigates how the Indonesian War of Independence (1945-49) influenced staple food prices, and how fluctuations in those prices, in turn, shaped the trajectory and dynamics of the conflict. We compiled a dataset comprising over 8,600 prices for staple foods covering the entire Indonesian archipelago from 1939-49, allowing us to estimate the effects of wartime conditions and the main Dutch military campaigns on food prices. We find that wartime price peaks were much more severe and prolonged than studies previously assumed, both in and outside Java. We show that the first large military operation, Operation Product, was partly motivated by high rice prices and demonstrate that these prices were significantly reduced across Java and Sumatra after the end of the military campaign. We then use a second dataset on wartime wages to estimate nutritional standards. These combined data suggest very low nutritional status of urban unskilled wage labourers—often below family subsistence level—in 1946 and first half of 1947. Our results point to broader entitlement failures driven by weak market connectivity amid military and economic warfare.When using these data please cite: I. de Zwarte, H. Moret & P. de Zwart, "Between Famine and Freedom: Food Prices during the Indonesian War of Independence, 1945-1949". Economic History Review.
Self-published

Conflicts Rooted in Socio-Cultural Animosities: Analyses Based on SPEED Data (ICPSR 209242)

Released/updated on: 2024-09-21
Geographic coverage: Earth
Time period: 1945-01-01--2005-12-31
These data were assembled to study the causes of domestic conflicts. They are based on a project of the University of Illinois (Social, Political, Economic Event Database, SPEED), which leverages six decades of journalist output (1945-2005), and contains 62,141 newsworthy disruptive events worldwide. It also distinguishes between events rooted in class-based conflicts and anti-government sentiment, a total of eight "origins", in addition to socio-cultural animosities (SCA). We explored the dataset to assess the impact of communal identities as compared to other cleavages that unavoidably emerge in all societies. We added background variables from other open-source databases, such as Quality of Government, and Varieties of Democracy. The data merging was carried out in two ways: (i) adding country features to the original event-level SPEED data; and (ii) adding aggregated SPEED information to a country-level dataset compiled from the other sources. Thus two compiled datasets are deposited. The original sources, all open access data, are listed below with their original web addresses. SPEED Global Random Sample 1945-2005 ("spp_public.xls”), Cline Center for Advanced Social Research, University of Illinois, data produced within the frames of the Social, Political, and Economic Event Database (SPEED) Project, https://clinecenter.illinois.edu/project/human-loop-event-data-projects/SPEED. (The exact location of the Excel file used is at https://uofi.app.box.com/s/l2qc5rnn7tjpbwodhi6jc50fk2vlwjbv.)   Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization (HIEF) data. The fractionalization indexes were calculated by Lenka Drazanova (https://openhumanitiesdata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/johd.16), based on the ethnic distribution data compiled by the Composition of Religious and Ethnic Groups (CREG) Project, also of the Cline Center for Advanced Social Research, https://clinecenter.illinois.edu/project/Religious-Ethnic-Identity/composition-religious-and-ethnic-....   Teorell, Jan, Aksel Sundström, Sören Holmberg, Bo Rothstein, Natalia Alvarado Pachon, Cem Mert Dalli & Yente Meijers. 2023. The Quality of Government Standard Dataset, version Jan23. University of Gothenburg: The Quality of Government Institute, https://www.gu.se/en/quality-government doi:10.18157/qogstdjan23. We used the time series version.   Coppedge, Michael, John Gerring, Carl Henrik Knutsen, Staffan I. Lindberg, Jan Teorell, David Altman, Michael Bernhard, Agnes Cornell, M. Steven Fish, Lisa Gastaldi, Haakon Gjerløw, Adam Glynn, Ana Good God, Sandra Grahn, Allen Hicken, Katrin Kinzelbach, Joshua Krusell, Kyle L. Marquardt, Kelly McMann, Valeriya Mechkova, Juraj Medzihorsky, Natalia Natsika, Anja Neundorf, Pamela Paxton, Daniel Pemstein, Josefine Pernes, Oskar Rydén, Johannes von Römer, Brigitte Seim, Rachel Sigman, Svend-Erik Skaaning, Jeffrey Staton, Aksel Sundström, Eitan Tzelgov, Yi-ting Wang, Tore Wig, Steven Wilson and Daniel Ziblatt. 2023. "V-Dem [Country-Year] Dataset v13" Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project. https://doi.org/10.23696/vdemds23.  
Self-published

Droughts, Conflict, and the Importance of Democratic Legitimacy: Evidence from Pre-Industrial Europe (ICPSR 206441)

Released/updated on: 2024-06-22
Geographic coverage: Europe
Time period: 0900-01-01--1799-12-31
This research shows that droughts are robustly associated with city-level unrest in Europe over the years 900 to 1800 CE. This relationship is non-linear, with disproportionately greater increases in the probability of a conflict among droughts in the upper tail of the severity distribution. Elected city governments are relatively immune from drought-induced conflict, while those based on representation by burghers or guilds are not. These results suggest that local governments are key for maintaining social stability during economic shocks, and are most successful when they have a greater degree of democratic legitimacy.
Self-published

Replication package for: Strategic Fertility, Education Choices, and Conflicts in Deeply Divided Societies (ICPSR 198804)

Released/updated on: 2024-03-04
Geographic coverage: China, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia
Time period: 1970-01-01--2010-12-31
Fertility becomes a strategic choice for minorities when having a larger share of the population helps to increase power. If parents invest resources to educate their children, raising fertility for strategic reasons might be at the cost of future human capital. We dispel this view using census data from several developing countries. We show that religious and ethnic minorities in Indonesia, China and Malaysia tend to invest more in both education and fertility compared to larger groups. Solving for the Nash equilibrium of an appropriation game between two groups with education and fertility being prescribed as group-specific behavioral norms, we offer a rationale for the observed patterns provided that human capital is an important input to appropriation.
Self-published

Economic Uncertainty and Divisive Politics: Evidence from the dos Españas (ICPSR 186621)

Released/updated on: 2023-03-16
Geographic coverage: Spain
Time period: 1905-01-01--1945-12-31
This is the replication package for "Economic Uncertainty and Divisive Politics: Evidence from the dos Españas" (Sandra García-Uribe, Hannes Mueller, and Carlos Sanz), Journal of Economic History, 2023.
This article exploits two newspaper archives to track economic policy uncertainty in Spain in 1905-1945. We find that the outbreak of the Civil War in 1936 was anticipated by a striking upward level shift of uncertainty in both newspapers. We study the reasons for this shift through a natural language processing method which allows us to leverage expert opinion to track specific issues in our newspaper archives. We find a strong empirical link between increasing uncertainty and the rise of divisive political issues like socio-economic conflict. This holds even when exploiting content differences between the two newspapers in our corpus.Please, use the Readme.txt file with the full description of the replication package.
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Untangling the Web of Violence: The Network Effects of Civil Gang Injunctions, Los Angeles, California, 1998-2013 (ICPSR 37895)

Released/updated on: 2022-11-14
Geographic coverage: United States, Los Angeles, California
Time period: 1998-01-26--2013-12-26
This study examined the structural evolution of street gang violence as it corresponds to the use of civil gang injunctions (CGIs) in the City of Los Angeles, 1998-2013. CGIs impose significant behavioral restrictions on individuals (i.e., setting curfews and restricting social activity) to reduce social interactions that may lead to conflict. Yet, despite their widespread use, little is known about what effects CGIs may have on the pattern of conflict relations within the local neighborhood of specific gangs and at the network level for a community of gangs.
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Situational Factors and the Victim-Offender Overlap, Pennsylvania, 2013-2014 (ICPSR 38095)

Released/updated on: 2021-08-31
Geographic coverage: United States, Pennsylvania
Time period: 2013-09-01--2014-08-31
This study examines explanations for the victim-offender overlap using data obtained from male prison inmates and a community sample. It employs two different designs, both of which are based on situational analyses of incidents. First, respondents are asked about their frequency of victimization and offending, as well as other behaviors. Second, respondents are asked about a violent and non-violent conflict in which they were recently involved.
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Changing Climates of Conflict: A Social Network Experiment in 56 Schools, New Jersey, 2012-2013 (ICPSR 37070)

Released/updated on: 2020-09-14
Geographic coverage: United States, New Jersey
Time period: 2012-01-01--2013-12-31

The data in this collection are social network data drawn from a large-scale field experiment. Theories of human behavior suggest that individuals attend to the behavior of certain people in their community to understand what is socially normative and adjust their own behavior in response. This experiment tested these theories by randomizing an anti-conflict intervention across 56 New Jersey public middle schools, with 24,191 students. After having comprehensively measured every school's social network, randomly selected seed groups of 20-32 students from randomly selected schools were assigned to an intervention that encouraged public stances against conflict at school. The data allowed for comparisons between treatment and control groups, and also provided variables to analyze social networks to examine the impact of social referents.

Surveys were conducted at the start and end of the 2012-2013 school year, the year in which the experiment was conducted. The survey data contains social network variables based on the peers with whom the respondent chooses to spend time. Survey data also include respondents' perceived descriptive and prescriptive norms of conflict at the schools surveyed, as well as administrative data on the schools and demographics of respondents.

The collection includes one dataset, with 482 variables for 24,471 cases. Demographic variables in the collection include gender, grade, age, height, weight, race/ethnicity, language, household characteristics, and demographic variables obtained from school administrative records.

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Conversational Transcripts of Truthful and Deceptive Speech Involving Controversial Topics, Central California, 2012 (ICPSR 37124)

Released/updated on: 2018-08-29
Geographic coverage: Central California, United States, California
Time period: 2012-05-01--2012-11-30

This study investigated the presence of dynamic patterns of interpersonal coordination in extended deceptive conversations across multi-modal channels of behavior. Using a "devil's advocate" paradigm, the researchers experimentally elicited deception and truth across controversial social and political topics in which conversational partners either agreed or disagreed, and where one partner was surreptitiously asked to argue an opinion opposite of what he or she really believed. The researchers focused on interpersonal coordination as an emergent behavioral signal that captured inter-dependencies between conversational partners, both as the coupling of head movements over the span of milliseconds, measured via a windowed lagged cross correlation (WLCC) technique, and more global temporal dependencies across speech rate, using cross recurrence quantification analysis (CRQA). Another focus that was considered was how interpersonal coordination might be shaped by strategic, adaptive conversational goals associated with deception.

This collection includes both qualitative transcripts and a quantitative dataset including respondent demographics (including sex, age, and ethnicity). The qualitative dataset consists of 94 written transcripts of audio-recorded conversations, lasting eight minutes each in length. The quantitative dataset includes 5 variables for 102 cases.

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Colors of Socialization: Political and Deliberative Development among Older Adolescents in 10 States, 2006-2007 (ICPSR 36602)

Released/updated on: 2016-12-15
Geographic coverage: Rhode Island, Iowa, United States, Colorado, Ohio, Minnesota, California, Florida, Arkansas, Washington, Pennsylvania
Time period: 2006-01-01--2006-12-31, 2007-01-01--2007-12-31
Colors of Socialization: Political and Deliberative Development among Older Adolescents in 10 States, 2006-2007 is a panel study of high school seniors in five red states and five blue states who were interviewed before (t1) and after (t2) the 2006 midterm elections, with a subset of respondents measured again (t3) in 2007. States were selected to provide variance in terms of regional influence, sociopolitical culture, and state size. Survey questions assessed respondents' opinions on political issues, their depth of political knowledge, and frequency of political participation. Additionally, aggregate data regarding candidate news releases, political advertisements, and newspaper content were collected to assess media coverage during the 2006 state-wide campaigns. Analytical possibilities include the documenting of effects at the individual and contextual levels, along with cross-level interactions. Demographic variables include race, gender, age, economic position, and educational attainment of a respondent's mother and father.
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2015 Chicago Council Survey of American Public Opinion and U.S. Foreign Policy (ICPSR 36437)

Released/updated on: 2016-07-29
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2015-01-01--2015-12-31
The Chicago Council Surveys are part of a long-running series of public opinion surveys conducted by The Chicago Council on Global Affairs beginning in 1974. They were conducted quadrennially from 1974 to 2002, biennially from 2002 to 2014, and are now conducted annually. The surveys are designed to investigate the opinions and attitudes of the general public on matters related to foreign policy, and to define the parameters of public opinion within which decision-makers must operate. This public opinion study of the United States focused on respondents' opinions of the United States' leadership role in the world and the challenges the country faces domestically and internationally. Data were collected on a wide range of international topics, including: United States' relations with other countries, role in foreign affairs, possible threats to vital interests in the next ten years, foreign policy goals, situations that might justify the use of United States troops in other parts of the world, international trade, United States' participation in potential treaties, U.S. policy towards Russia in Ukraine, the embargo on Cuba and the effects of renewed diplomatic relations with Havana, views of the nuclear deal with Iran and what effects that deal is likely to have, and United States' relations with allies in Asia. Respondents were also asked their opinion on domestic issues including climate change, measures to improve the United States' economic competitiveness, and their views on US immigration policy. Demographic information collected includes age, gender, race/ethnicity, marital status, left-right political self-placement, political affiliation, employment status, highest level of education, and religious preference, household income, state of residence, and living quarters ownership status.
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Statistics of Deadly Quarrels, 1809-1949 (ICPSR 5407)

Released/updated on: 2016-02-10
Geographic coverage: Global
Time period: 1809-01-01--1949-12-31
This study contains data on 779 dyadic fatal quarrels for the period 1809-1949. The study represents one of the earlier attempts at quantification of historical conflict behavior. A dyadic deadly quarrel is a situation involving a pair of opponents or belligerents which causes death to humans. Each quarrel is identified by its beginning date and magnitude. The magnitude of a quarrel is measured by the logarithm to the base 10 of the number of deaths. The range of magnitude of quarrels in this study is from 2.50 to 7.50, the latter representing the figure for nations involved in World War II. For each quarrel, the nominal variables include the type of quarrel, as well as political, cultural, and economic similarities and dissimilarities between the pair of combatants.
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Afrobarometer Round 5: The Quality of Democracy and Governance in Senegal, 2013 (ICPSR 35541)

Released/updated on: 2015-08-19
Geographic coverage: Senegal, Africa, Global, Sub-Saharan Africa
Time period: 2013-02-18--2013-03-02
The Afrobarometer is a comparative series of public attitude surveys that collects and disseminates data regarding Africans' views on democracy, governance, the economy, civil society, and related issues. This particular data collection was concerned with the attitudes and opinions of the citizens of Senegal, and includes a number of questions about economic growth, parity, and recent political events, designed specifically for the Senegal survey. The data are collected from a nationally representative sample in face-to-face interviews in the language of the respondent's choice. Standard topics for the Afrobarometer include attitudes toward and evaluations of democracy, governance and economic conditions, political participation, national identity, and social capital. In addition, Round 5 surveys include special modules on taxation; gender issues; crime, conflict and insecurity; globalization; and social service delivery. The surveys also collect a large set of socio-demographic indicators such as age, gender, education level, poverty level, language and ethnicity, and religious affiliation, as well as political party affiliation. Afrobarometer Round 5 surveys were implemented in 35 countries.
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Afrobarometer Round 5: The Quality of Democracy and Governance in Swaziland, 2013 (ICPSR 35564)

Released/updated on: 2015-08-17
Geographic coverage: Swaziland, Africa, Global, Sub-Saharan Africa
Time period: 2013-05-22--2013-06-04
The Afrobarometer is a comparative series of public attitude surveys that collects and disseminates data regarding Africans' views on democracy, governance, the economy, civil society, and related issues. The data is collected from nationally representative samples in face-to-face interviews in the language of the respondent's choice. Standard topics for the Afrobarometer include attitudes toward and evaluations of democracy, governance and economic conditions, political participation, national identity, and social capital. In addition, Round 5 surveys included special modules on taxation; gender issues; crime, conflict and insecurity; globalization; and social service delivery. The surveys also collect a large set of socio-demographic indicators such as age, gender, education level, poverty level, language and ethnicity, and religious affiliation, as well as political party affiliation. Afrobarometer Round 5 surveys were implemented in 35 countries. This particular data collection was concerned with the attitudes and opinions of the citizens of Swaziland, and also includes a number of "country-specific questions" designed specifically for the Swaziland survey.
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Swedish Adoption/Twin Study on Aging (SATSA), 1984, 1987, 1990, 1993, 2004, 2007, and 2010 (ICPSR 3843)

Released/updated on: 2015-05-13
Geographic coverage: Sweden, Global
Time period: 1984-01-01--2010-12-31
The Swedish Adoption/Twin Study on Aging (SATSA) was designed to study the origins of individual differences in aging and the environmental and genetic factors that are involved. SATSA began in 1984, and six additional waves were conducted in 1987, 1990, 1993, 2004, 2007, and 2010. The questionnaire was initially sent to all twins from the Swedish Twin Registry who were separated at an early age and raised apart; the survey was also administered to a control sample of twins who were raised together. The respondents were surveyed on items that included health status, how they were raised, work environment, alcohol consumption, and dietary and smoking habits, as well as questions about personality and attitudes; this information comprised the first component. The second component was collected from a subsample composed of 150 pairs of twins raised apart and 150 pairs of twins raised together. This subsample participated in seven waves of in-person testing, which included a health examination, structured interviews, and tests on functional capacity, cognitive abilities, and memory. The data are represented according to questionnaire and time number, and correspond to each wave/year: Questionnaire 1 and In-Person Testing Time 1 were in 1984; Questionnaire 2 and In-Person Testing Time 2 were in 1987; Questionnaire 3 and In-Person Testing Time 3 were in 1990; Questionnaire 4 and In-Person Testing Time 4 were in 1993; Questionnaire 5 was in 2003; In-Person Testing Time 5 was in 2004; Questionnaire 6 and In-Person Testing Time 6 were in 2007; In-Person Testing Time 7 was in 2010. The Administrative and Cognitive datasets include data from all years/waves. The Smell Survey dataset only includes data from 1990. No years were specified for the Contact measures and Separation measures datasets. Demographic and background information includes age, sex, education, family history, household composition and employment.
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Building Strong Families (BSF) Project Data Collection, 2005-2008, United States (ICPSR 29781)

Released/updated on: 2014-06-03
Geographic coverage: Oklahoma City, San Angelo, Indiana, Baton Rouge, United States, Oklahoma, Florida, Baltimore, Atlanta, Texas, Louisiana, Georgia, Maryland, Houston
Time period: 2005-07-01--2008-03-31
The Building Strong Families (BSF) project examined the effectiveness of programs designed to improve child well-being and strengthen the relationships of low-income couples through relationship skills education. It surveyed couples 15 months and 36 months after having applied to and been accepted into a Building Stronger Families (BSF) program at one of eight locations offering services to unwed couples expecting, or having recently had a baby. Major topics included family structure, parental involvement with children, relationships, personal and parental well-being, utilization of services such as workshops to help their relationship and parenting skills, paternity and child support, and family self-sufficiency. Respondents were asked for information on recently born children and relationship status, how much time they spent with their children, their level of satisfaction with their current relationship, substance use, if they had attended relationship and parental counseling, whether they were legally required to provide child support, employment, and family background. Additional information was asked about domestic violence and child abuse, legal trouble, past sexual history, and child development. The 36-month data collection effort also included direct assessments of parenting and child development. The quality of the parenting relationship was assessed for both mothers and fathers and was based on a semi-structured play activity, "the two-bag task." This interaction was videotaped and later coded by trained assessors on multiple dimensions of parenting. During assessments with mothers, the focal child's language development was also assessed using the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. Demographic data includes race, education level, age, income, and marital status. The data collection is comprised of seven parts. Part 1: the BSF Eligibility and Baseline Survey Data file; Part 2: the BSF 15-Month Follow-up Survey Data file; Part 3: the program participation data file; Part 4: the BSF 15-month follow-up analysis file; Part 5: the BSF 36-Month Follow-up Survey Data file; Part 6: the mother-child in-home assessment; and Part 7: the BSF 36-Month Follow-up analysis file.
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Investigating the Role of Context, Meaning, and Method in Violence Against Women in Atlanta, Georgia, 2000-2002 (ICPSR 25945)

Released/updated on: 2013-12-20
Geographic coverage: United States, Atlanta, Georgia
Time period: 2000-01-01--2002-12-31
The study was conducted to determine the prevalance of physical and sexual victimization, and to develop a new model of victimization. A total of 600 women participated in the study, consisting of two samples: a sample of 403 incarcerated women at the Metro State Women's Prison in Atlanta, Georgia, and a sample of 197 poor urban women in nonemergency health care clinics. Participants were interviewed once for approximately 1 1/2 to 2 hours, and answered questions about intimate partner violence (with their most recent partner and/or with a previous partner), physical health, emotional well-being, experiences of traumatic life events, strategic responses to abuse, experiences of child abuse, and other related experiences/knowledge. In addition to self-reports, data was gathered from prison records for the incarcerated sample.
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South Korean Local Election Panel Study: Regional Three Waves, 2010 (ICPSR 34350)

Released/updated on: 2013-12-05
Geographic coverage: South Korea, Asia, Seoul, Jeonbuk Province, Gyeonggi Province, Gyeongnam Province, Chungnam Province
Time period: 2010-01-01--2010-12-30
The South Korean Local Election Panel Study of 2010 examined vote determinants of Korean voters and the causes and dynamics of changes in voter preferences. This study presents the results of five regions in South Korea: Chungnam, Gyeonggi, Gyeongnam, Jeonbuk, and Seoul. The survey was conducted in three waves from May to June 2010 with a large-scale panel of 600 respondents who represented the five regions' gender, age, and education proportions. The study analyzed factors that influence the formation and change of voter preferences through three broad theoretical frameworks: (1) The sociological model that explains voter preference as a reflection of major social fragmentation (education, gender, income, religion, region, etc.); (2) The psychological model of the Michigan School that explains voter preference formation and change as activation of party identification in United States or Western elections, and regional identification in Korea as a proxy; (3) The rational voter model that posits that individuals, after calculating their own interests, support candidates or parties that possess the policies and ideology to maximize those interests. The South Korean Election Panel studies utilize "tracking core questions": questions that repeatedly track the change in vote determinants. These questions focus on attitudes on candidate factors, political party factors, election campaigns, issues, and policies. In this study, respondents were asked about the local election, their voting behavior, attitudes about political parties, which candidate they voted for in the 2006, 2007, and 2008 elections, exposure to media, major issues in the country, and the Lee Myung-bak administration. Economic questions asked about the living conditions of the respondent's residing city, how this compared to other cities, the respondent's household condition, and the economic situation of the country. Questions were also asked about the performance of President Lee Myung-bak and the respondent's local Governor/Mayor. Demographic variables include gender, age, occupation, religion, level of education, perceived social class, home ownership, and income.
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South Korean Local Election Panel Study: Nationwide Two Waves, 2010 (ICPSR 34349)

Released/updated on: 2013-08-22
Geographic coverage: South Korea, Asia, Global
Time period: 2010-01-01--2010-01-31, 2010-12-01--2010-12-31
The South Korean Local Election Panel Study of 2010 examined vote determinants of Korean voters and the causes and dynamics of changes in voter preferences. The survey was conducted from May to June 2010 in two waves with a large-scale panel of 1,200 representing the nation's gender, age, region, and education proportions. The study analyzed factors that influence the formation and change of voter preferences through three broad theoretical frameworks: (1) The sociological model that explains voter preference as a reflection of major social fragmentation (education, gender, income, religion, region, etc.); (2) The psychological model of the Michigan School that explains voter preference formation and change as activation of party identification in United States or Western elections, and regional identification in Korea as a proxy; (3) The rational voter model that posits that individuals, after calculating their own interests, support candidates or parties that possess the policies and ideology to maximize those interests. The South Korean Election Panel studies utilize "tracking core questions": questions that repeatedly track the change in vote determinants. These questions focus on attitudes of candidate factors, political party factors, election campaigns, issues, and policies. In this study, respondents were asked about the local election, their voting behavior, attitudes about political parties, which candidate they voted for in the 2006, 2007, and 2008 elections, exposure to media, major issues in the country, and the Lee Myung-bak administration. Economic questions asked about the living conditions of the respondent's residing city, how this compared to other cities, the respondent's household condition, and the economic situation of the country. Questions were also asked about the performance of President Lee Myung-bak and the respondent's local Governor/Mayor. Demographic variables include gender, age, occupation, religion, level of education, perceived social class, home ownership, and income.
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South Korean General Election Panel Study: Two Waves, 2008 (ICPSR 34348)

Released/updated on: 2013-08-13
Geographic coverage: South Korea, Asia, Global
Time period: 2008-01-01--2008-12-30
The South Korean General Election Panel Study 2008 examined vote determinants of Korean voters and the causes and dynamics of changes in voter preferences. The survey was conducted from March to April 2008 in two waves with a large-scale panel of 3,503 representing the nation's gender, age, region, and education proportions. The study analyzed factors that influence the formation and change of voter preferences through three broad theoretical frameworks: (1) The sociological model that explains voter preference as a reflection of major social fragmentation (education, gender, income, religion, region, etc.); (2) The psychological model of the Michigan School that explains voter preference formation and change as activation of party identification in United States or Western elections, and regional identification in Korea as a proxy; (3) The rational voter model that posits that individuals, after calculating their own interests, support candidates or parties that possess the policies and ideology to maximize those interests. The South Korean Election Panel studies utilize "tracking core questions": questions that repeatedly track the change in vote determinants. These questions focus on attitudes of candidate factors, political party factors, election campaigns, issues, and policies. In this study, respondents were asked about: their voting behavior, party preferences, exposure to different media sources, the economy, various politicians, opinions about the election, opinions about President Lee Myung-bak and his administration, and the general election. Demographic information includes age, gender, religion, education level, occupation, hometown, homeownership type, and family income.
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Bruising as a Forensic Marker of Physical Elder Abuse in Orange County, California, 2006-2008 (ICPSR 28144)

Released/updated on: 2012-12-21
Geographic coverage: United States, California
Time period: 2006-07-01--2008-05-31
The purpose of the study was to describe bruising as a marker of physical elder abuse. Consenting older adults were examined to document location and size of bruises and assess whether they were inflicted during physical abuse. An expert panel confirmed physical abuse. A research nurse conducted study assessments on 67 adults aged 65 and older reported to Adult Protective Services for suspected physical elder abuse in Orange County, California between July 2006 and May 2008. The study contains a total of 142 variables including age, sex, ethnicity, functional status, medical conditions, cognitive status, history of falls, bruise size, bruise location and color, recall of cause, and responses to the Revised Conflicts Tactics Scales (CTS2) and to the Elder Abuse Inventory (EAI).
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International Dating Violence Study, 2001-2006 (ICPSR 29583)

Released/updated on: 2011-08-19
Geographic coverage: Singapore, United States, China (Peoples Republic), England, Scotland, Portugal, Global, Russia, Malta, Greece, Netherlands, South Korea, Sweden, Iran, Brazil, Guatemala, Lithuania, Romania, Hungary, Japan, Tanzania, Switzerland, India, New Zealand, Canada, Venezuela, Belgium, Taiwan, South Africa, Mexico, Israel, Australia, Germany
Time period: 2001-01-01--2006-12-31
The International Dating Violence Study (IDVS) was conducted by a consortium of researchers in 32 nations. It includes data on both perpetration and being a victim of violence. The data were obtained using questionnaires completed by university students in all major world regions. The term "violence" refers to maltreatment of a partner, including physical assault, injury as a result of assault by a partner, psychological aggression, and sexual coercion. The questionnaires, although completed by one person, include data on the behavior of both partners as reported by the student who completed questionnaire. The study questionnaire includes two scales, the Conflict Tactics Scales or CTS (Straus, 1996) to obtain data on violence between the respondent and his or her partner, and the Personal And Relationships Profile (PRP) to obtain data on 25 risk factors for partner violence and a scale to measure "socially desirable" response bias (Straus, Hamby, Boney-McCoy, and Sugarman, 2010). Using the CTS, the respondents were queried about personal and social relationships. This included emotional attachments to partners, parents, and family. They were then asked about conflicts with and opinions of their partner. In addition, they were asked whether or not they attended religious services. Respondents were also queried about conflict with, and anger toward, their partners. Questions included whether the respondent could control his or her anger, how they coped with it, and if they assigned blame for becoming angry to their partner. Further questions focused on communication, including disagreements about relationships with others and with partners. Respondents were further asked if they experienced jealousy and exhibited controlling behavior toward their partner. They were then asked about their personal beliefs and attitudes toward others, including how they interact with people. Respondents were asked about their life satisfaction and emotional state, including whether they have had mood swings, as well as feelings of emptiness and/or depression. Suicidal thoughts or statements were also included in the questions. Respondents were queried about their experiences with fear of past events and whether those experiences still affected their life. Another focus of the CTS was violence and criminal behavior. Respondents were asked about whether they witnessed violence between others, including those within their own families. They were asked about violence they had experienced, their attitudes and beliefs toward violence, violent influences when growing up, and their personal past violent and/or criminal behavior. Another focus of the CTS was sexual abuse. Respondents were queried about sexual abuse experienced in their childhood as well as adulthood, whether that abuse was committed by a family member or within an adult relationship. They were then asked about their attitudes toward the opposite sex and opinions on sexual crime. Another topic included drugs and alcohol. Respondents were asked if they used drugs and alcohol, and whether their level of use was significant enough to endanger their health. The second major instrument in the study, the Personal and Relationships Profile (PRP), examined interpersonal interaction with the partner of the respondent. The scale included items the partner did to the respondent or the respondent did to their partner, as well as the frequency of those incidents over the past year. Items included physical violence such as throwing objects, pushing or shoving, use of weapons, slapping, burning or scalding, and other types of physical assault. Questions regarding verbal abuse were also included, such as name-calling, accusations, and threats. Other communication related questions were also included, such as compromising to reach a solution and respecting the other's opinion. Sexual abuse was another focus of the PRP. Respondents were asked if they used threats, coercion, or force to make their partner have sex, or if their partner did this to the respondent. The data is available in three parts. The first part, the Individual-level dataset, provides data for each respondent. The second part, the Nation-level dataset, was aggregated to create data files in which the cases are the 32 nations where IDVS data was gathered. The third part, the Gender-level dataset, divided respondents for analysis by sex.
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Stages of Change and the Group Treatment of Batterers in Montgomery County, Maryland, 2003-2006 (ICPSR 22170)

Released/updated on: 2011-05-31
Geographic coverage: United States, Maryland
Time period: 2003-06-01--2006-01-31
The goal of this project was to compare the effectiveness of a 26-week stages of change (SOC) group treatment approach with a standard Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Gender-Reeducation (CBTGR) group treatment approach; to assess potential mediators of change; to conduct analyses on individual readiness to change as a moderator of treatment condition in predicting outcomes; to conduct exploratory analyses comparing the effectiveness of these 2 approaches in Spanish-speaking groups; and to assess the integrity of the 2 treatments with respect to therapist adherence. Male clients who were referred to the Montgomery County, Maryland, Abused Persons Program (APP) between June 2003 and January 2006 and who were appropriate for participation in either the English-speaking or Spanish-speaking 26-week group, were randomly assigned to either a Stage of Change (SOC) Treatment Format or a Cognitive-Behavioral Gender-Reeducation Format (CBTGR). All participants at the APP routinely underwent a standard intake procedure. Data collection consisted of (1) an intake interview and questionnaires completed by the batterer at intake, (2) an initial telephone interview of the partner, (3) data collected from the batterer at mid-treatment and post-treatment, (4) data collected at the end of treatment on the number of sessions attended, and (5) telephone-based follow-up information received from the partner at 6 and 12 months post-intake. The data file contains 550 cases and 901 variables. For the Abuser Intake Interview, the abuser was asked information regarding his age, education, employment status, income, relationship to the victim partner, current contact, children in common, and history of abuse and trauma. As part of this intake, the offender completed several instruments including (1) the Conflict Tactics Scales-Revised (CTS2), (2) the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment (URICA), (3) the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI), (4) the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), (5) the Generality of Violence-Revised (GVQ-R), (6) Perceptions of Procedural Justice, and (7) the Dissociative Violence Scale (DVS). The victim partner was asked about demographics as well as relationship status, children in common, and current contact with the batterer. As part of this interview, the victim partner also completed (1) the CTS2 items as they pertained to the batterer's behavior toward her in the previous six months and over the course of their relationship, (2) the Danger Assessment Scale (DAS), and (3) the Process of Change in Abused Women Scale (PROCAWS). At 8 and 16 weeks into treatment, APP staff administered the Working Alliance Inventory -- Short Form (WAI-S) along with the Group Cohesion Scale (GES-COH).
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Study of Political Violence Attitudes, Personal Experiences with Violence, Emotional Reactions to Assassination and Violence in the Media, 1968 (ICPSR 7354)

Released/updated on: 2010-10-13
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1968-01-01--1968-12-31
This study, conducted in October 1968 by Louis Harris and Associates, Inc., focused on respondents' opinions about violence in the United States as well as their personal experiences with violence. In addition, several questions were asked concerning both news and entertainment media, including respondents' media preferences and which form of news media they relied upon for obtaining information on specific issues. Respondents were asked to rate television networks with respect to violent programming content and to state their opinions on television violence and its effects. Further questions sought to ascertain in what instances, both personal and political, respondents would be moved to specific acts of violence, and in what instances they would tolerate violence in others. A number of variables assessed knowledge of and feelings toward the assassination of public figures such as Dr. Martin Luther King, the Kennedys, and George Lincoln Rockwell. In addition respondents were asked about their interest in government and the presidential campaign of November 1968. Party preference, party identification, and anticipated presidential choice were ascertained, as well as opinions on Vietnam and civil rights. Demographic information includes age, sex, marital status, occupation, religion, income, and participation in the armed services.
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CBS News/New York Times Monthly Poll, December 1990 (ICPSR 9618)

Released/updated on: 2010-10-07
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1990-12-09--1990-12-11
This data collection is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that evaluate the Bush presidency and solicit opinions on a variety of political and social issues. Demographic information collected includes sex, age, race, education, family income, religion, ethnicity, political orientation, party preference, and voting behavior. Issues addressed in this survey include the biggest threat to the respondent's way of life in 1991, Bush's handling of the economy and Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, whether the United States did the right thing by sending troops to Saudi Arabia and whether Bush explained the situation in the Middle East well enough so that people understood why troops were sent, whether the United States would end up fighting Iraq or resolving the situation peacefully, whether the Bush Administration had tried hard enough to reach a diplomatic solution or had been too quick to involve American military forces, and whether the United States should negotiate a compromise with Saddam Hussein or hold to its original demand that Iraq leave Kuwait entirely. Respondents were also asked whether they thought Iraq would actually release all the hostages by the end of the month and if their release should influence the United States' willingness to negotiate a compromise with Hussein, whether the United States should begin military actions against Iraq if they did not withdraw their troops from Kuwait by January 15 or wait longer to see if economic sanctions worked, and how long the United States should wait to see if the trade embargo worked. Respondents were also queried as to their agreement/disagreement with the following statements: the troubles among Iraq, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia are just a conflict between different groups of Arabs that the United States should stay out of, the crisis in the Persian Gulf will continue as long as Saddam Hussein remains in power, public debate over whether the United States should fight Iraq will hurt the effort to persuade Iraq to withdraw from Kuwait, and the military draft should be reinstated to provide soldiers for the current Mideast situation. Those surveyed were also asked to choose a statement that comes closest to expressing their beliefs about God, to indicate whether they believed that prayer could change lives, and whether they went to a private doctor, hospital emergency room, or clinic when sick. In addition, the survey posed a series of questions related to responsibilities of adult children toward aging parents, various parenting situations, romantic love, birth control, beer commercials, sponsorship of sporting events by cigarette companies, marital infidelity, marital status, apologizing in marriage, and topics eliciting arguments in marriage.
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Correlates of War Project: Militarized Interstate Dispute (MID) Data, 1816-2001 (ICPSR 24386)

Released/updated on: 2010-03-05
Geographic coverage: Benin, Papua New Guinea, Angola, Cambodia, Sudan, Paraguay, Kazakhstan, Portugal, Syria, Solomon Islands, North Korea, Bahamas, Grenada, Greece, Mongolia, Latvia, Morocco, Iran, Mali, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Panama, Guatemala, Guyana, Iraq, Chile, Laos, Nepal, Argentina, Ukraine, Tanzania, Zambia, Ghana, Belize, Bahrain, India, Canada, Guinea-Bissau, Maldives, Turkey, Belgium, Namibia, Taiwan, Finland, Comoros, South Africa, Trinidad and Tobago, Central African Republic, Jamaica, Peru, Turkmenistan, Germany, Yemen, Vietnam (Socialist Republic), Eritrea, United States, Guinea, China (Peoples Republic), Chad, Somalia, Madagascar, Ivory Coast, Thailand, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Costa Rica, Sweden, Malawi, Liechtenstein, Poland, Kuwait, Jordan, Nigeria, Bulgaria, Tunisia, Croatia, Uruguay, Sri Lanka, United Kingdom, United Arab Emirates, Kenya, Switzerland, Spain, Lebanon, Djibouti, Liberia, Azerbaijan, Cuba, Venezuela, Czech Republic, Burkina Faso, Mauritania, Saint Lucia, Swaziland, Palau, Israel, Australia, Tajikistan, Estonia, Myanmar, Cameroon, Cyprus, Malaysia, Iceland, Global, Oman, Armenia, Gabon, South Korea, Austria, Yugoslavia, Mozambique, El Salvador, Luxembourg, Brazil, Algeria, Slovenia, Lesotho, Antigua and Barbuda, Ecuador, Colombia, Hungary, Japan, Moldova, Belarus, Albania, New Zealand, Senegal, Italy, Honduras, Macedonia, Ethiopia, Haiti, Afghanistan, Burundi, Egypt, Sierra Leone, Bolivia, Russia, Malta, Saudi Arabia, Netherlands, Pakistan, Gambia, Ireland, Qatar, Slovakia, France, Lithuania, Kyrgyzstan, Romania, Togo, Niger, Philippines, Rwanda, Uzbekistan, Bangladesh, Nicaragua, Barbados, Norway, Democratic Republic of Congo, Botswana, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Suriname, Indonesia, Dominica
Time period: 1816-01-01--2001-12-31
The Militarized Interstate Dispute (MID) (v3.10) data, compiled by the Correlates of War Project, provides information about conflicts in which one or more states threaten, display, or use force against one or more other states between 1816 and 2001. Five datasets are included with this collection. The first dataset comprises essential attributes of each militarized interstate dispute from January 1, 1816, through December 31, 2001, while the second dataset includes participants in each of these disputes. The third dataset comprises essential elements of each militarized interstate incident from January 1, 1993, through December 31, 2001, including incidents that belong to disputes that began in 1992 and continued into 1993, while the fourth dataset includes participants in each of these incidents. The fifth dataset contains dyadic militarized interstate disputes, of which each dyadic MID has exactly two states involved, on opposite sides of the MID. Generated from the incident-level data, these data are from the years 1993 through 2001, and additionally are provided for MIDs that were ongoing as of December 31, 1992.
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Inter-communal Violence and Conflict: Perspectives Opinion Survey of Ghana, 2008 (ICPSR 25121)

Released/updated on: 2009-08-14
Geographic coverage: Ghana, Kenya, Global, Sub-Saharan Africa
Time period: 2008-07-24--2008-12-03
This survey explores the opinions of the people in Ghana about inter-communal or ethnic-tribal conflict and violence in Sub-Saharan Africa, post-election violence between December 2007 and February 2008 in Kenya, and various economic, social and political issues and problems in Ghana. The survey consists of four sections. The first section contains questions on various demographic variables including respondents' ethnic identification, religious affiliation, schooling, political inclination and voting behavior. The second section contains respondents' opinions on the causes and consequences of ethnic/tribal conflict and violence in Sub-Saharan Africa. Topics investigated include the relation between economic inequality and armed conflict, factors causing ethnic and electoral violence, challenges to democracy and government stability, level of trust among people of different ethnic groups or nationalities, and desired political system. The third section contains questions related to post-election violence in Kenya between various ethnic groups in 2008. Respondents' were asked about the causes of post-election violence in Kenya and the factors contributing to instability in Africa. The fourth section contains questions on the political and socio-economic situations and ethnic/tribal tensions in Ghana. Some of the topics highlighted in this section include the economic situation in Ghana, ethnic discrimination, ethnic identity, respect for an ethnic group or a tribal group, and the impact of ethnic loyalties on democratic reforms in Ghana.
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Supervised and Unsupervised Parental Access in Domestic Violence Cases in New York City, New York, 2002-2005 (ICPSR 4583)

Released/updated on: 2009-02-27
Geographic coverage: New York City, United States, New York (state)
Time period: 2002-01-01--2005-12-31

The purposes of this study were (1) to examine factors associated with New York City Family Courts' visitation decisions and conformity to the provisions of the Model Code of the National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges when there was a history of abuse of the mother by the father, (2) to compare the different visitation conditions in regard to reabuse -- both psychological and physical, and (3) to examine children's psychological well-being as measured by maternal report on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), given their exposure to abuse.

Two hundred forty-two participants were recruited from the Family Courts and supervised visitation centers in the five counties in New York City. Interviews were conducted in English and Spanish. There were two interviews with the mother, with an average interval of six months between interviews. Baseline interviews were conducted in person, at the court, or visitation center from 2002 to 2004. Follow-up interviews were conducted with 168 of the participants from 2003 to 2005 and were conducted over the phone, except on the rare occasions when a participant requested an in-person interview.

Information in the the baseline interview included demographic information on the participant as well as on the father of the child(ren), information on the level of physical violence and the children's exposure, how often particular acts of violence took place, threats and coercion, an injury index, information regarding court orders, information regarding custody petitions, information regarding visitation orders, and visitation experience. The follow-up interview asked about abuse since the previous interview and included updates, changes, and modifications to the information provided in the baseline interview.

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International Crisis Behavior Project, 1918-2004 (ICPSR 9286)

Released/updated on: 2007-12-14
Geographic coverage: Global
Time period: 1917-12-22--2004-12-31
This data collection was produced as part of the International Crisis Behavior Project, a research effort aimed at investigating 20th-century interstate crises and the behavior of states under externally generated stress. To this end, the data describe, over a 86-year period, the sources, processes, and outcomes of all military-security crises involving states. Variables were collected at both the micro/state actor level and the macro/international system level. At the macro level, seven dimensions of crisis were measured: crisis setting, crisis breakpoint-exitpoint, crisis management technique, great power/superpower activity, international organization involvement, crisis outcome, and crisis severity. Additional macro-level variables indicate various aspects of geography, polarity, system level, conflict type, power discrepancy, and involvement by powers. At the state actor level, variables measuring five dimensions of crisis were compiled: crisis trigger, state actor behavior, great power/superpower activity, international organization involvement, and crisis outcome. Additional micro-level variables indicate the role of war in each crisis. Others measure several kinds of state attributes: age, territory, regime characteristics, state capability, state values, and social, economic, and political conditions.
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Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN): Conflict Tactics Scale for Partner and Spouse, Wave 1, 1994-1997 (ICPSR 13583)

Released/updated on: 2007-09-27
Geographic coverage: United States, Chicago, Illinois
Time period: 1994-01-01--1997-12-31
The Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) was a large-scale, interdisciplinary study of how families, schools, and neighborhoods affect child and adolescent development. One component of the PHDCN was the Longitudinal Cohort Study, which was a series of coordinated longitudinal studies that followed over 6,000 randomly selected children, adolescents, and young adults, and their primary caregivers over time to examine the changing circumstances of their lives, as well as the personal characteristics, that might lead them toward or away from a variety of antisocial behaviors. Numerous measures were administered to respondents to gauge various aspects of human development, including individual differences, as well as family, peer, and school influences. One such measure was the Conflict Tactics Scale for Partner and Spouse (CTSP). The CTSP was administered to either the primary caregiver (PC) of subjects belonging to Cohorts 0 to 15, or to the subjects of Cohort 18. It measured both the extent to which partners in a dating, cohabiting, or marital relationship engage in psychological and physical attacks on each other and also their use of reasoning or negotiation to deal with conflicts.
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Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN): Conflict Tactics for Parent and Child, Wave 1, 1994-1997 (ICPSR 13584)

Released/updated on: 2007-09-27
Geographic coverage: United States, Chicago, Illinois
Time period: 1994-01-01--1997-12-31
The Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) was a large-scale, interdisciplinary study of how families, schools, and neighborhoods affect child and adolescent development. One component of the PHDCN was the Longitudinal Cohort Study, which was a series of coordinated longitudinal studies that followed over 6,000 randomly selected children, adolescents, and young adults, and their primary caregivers over time to examine the changing circumstances of their lives, as well as the personal characteristics, that might lead them toward or away from a variety of antisocial behaviors. Numerous measures were administered to respondents to gauge various aspects of human development, including individual differences, as well as family, peer, and school influences. One such measure was the Conflict Tactics Scale for Parent and Child (CTSS). The CTSS, administered to the primary caregiver (PC) of subjects belonging to Cohorts 3 to 15, measured psychological and physical maltreatment and neglect of children by their PC, as well as nonviolent modes of discipline. The CTSS also measured the extent to which a PC carried out specific acts of physical and psychological aggression, regardless of whether the child was injured.
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ABC News Poll on Nicaragua, March 1986 (ICPSR 8577)

Released/updated on: 2007-05-07
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1986-03-16--1986-03-16
This survey was conducted after President Reagan's speech of March 16, 1986. In his speech Reagan requested that Congress approve increased military aid to the Nicaraguan rebels (the contras). Respondents were asked if they had heard the speech, whether or not they approve of aid to the rebels, whether or not they approve of Reagan's handling of the situation in Nicaragua, and if they consider the situation in Nicaragua to be a threat to the security of the United States.
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Ghanaian Public Opinion on the Middle East Conflict in Lebanon and the Palestinian Territories, 2006 (ICPSR 4653)

Released/updated on: 2007-04-13
Geographic coverage: Ghana, Global
Time period: 2006-01-01--2006-12-31
This survey, conducted August 21 to December 5, 2006, was used to gather public opinion in Ghana on issues such as Israel's military response to the capture of three Israeli soldiers in July 2006, Hezbollah's, Hamas', and Iran's in the ensuing conflict, and the United States' reaction to the Middle East crisis. Respondents were asked to give their opinion as to whether Hamas and Hezbollah were political or terrorist organizations. They also gave their opinions as to whether various countries' military actions were justified and who they thought was responsible for various military actions. Respondents were asked if they thought Hezbollah and Israel were fighting a proxy war for other countries. They were also asked if they thought the United States, other Western countries, and Israel were indifferent to the loss of life in Lebanon, the Gaza Strip, and the West Bank. Another set of questions dealt with bringing peace to the Middle East. Respondents were asked if they thought diplomatic efforts were being prolonged in hopes that Israel could achieve its battlefield objective of defeating Hezbollah. They were also asked if they thought Syria, Lebanon, the Palestinians, and Israel could reconcile themselves to a peaceful existence. Demographic variables include sex, age, marital status, nationality, religion, education level, and political ideology.
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Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN): Conflict Tactics Scale for Partner and Spouse, Wave 3, 2000-2002 (ICPSR 13688)

Released/updated on: 2007-02-22
Geographic coverage: United States, Chicago, Illinois
Time period: 2000-01-01--2002-12-31
The Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) was a large-scale, interdisciplinary study of how families, schools, and neighborhoods affect child and adolescent development. One component of the PHDCN was the Longitudinal Cohort Study, which was a series of coordinated longitudinal studies that followed over 6,000 randomly selected children, adolescents, and young adults, and their primary caregivers over time to examine the changing circumstances of their lives, as well as the personal characteristics, that might lead them toward or away from a variety of antisocial behaviors. Numerous measures were administered to respondents to gauge various aspects of human development, including individual differences, as well as family, peer, and school influences. One such measure was the Conflict Tactics Scale for Partner and Spouse. It was administered to subjects' primary caregivers in Cohorts 0, 3, 6, and 9 and to subjects in Cohorts 15 and 18. It measured both the extent to which partners in a dating, cohabiting, or marital relationship engage in psychological and physical attacks on each other and also their use of reasoning or negotiation to deal with conflicts. This Wave 3 study was modified from the Wave 1 partner-spouse version of the Conflict Tactics Scale used in PROJECT ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN CHICAGO NEIGHBORHOODS (PHDCN): CONFLICT TACTICS SCALE FOR PARTNER AND SPOUSE, WAVE 1, 1994-1997 (ICPSR 13583). It is also related to PROJECT ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN CHICAGO NEIGHBORHOODS (PHDCN): PHYSICAL ABUSE SCALE, WAVE 2, 1997-2000 (ICPSR 13642).
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Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN): Conflict Tactics Scale for Parent and Child, Wave 3, 2000-2002 (ICPSR 13689)

Released/updated on: 2007-02-22
Geographic coverage: United States, Chicago, Illinois
Time period: 2000-01-01--2002-12-31
The Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) was a large-scale, interdisciplinary study of how families, schools, and neighborhoods affect child and adolescent development. One component of the PHDCN was the Longitudinal Cohort Study, which was a series of coordinated longitudinal studies that followed over 6,000 randomly selected children, adolescents, and young adults, and their primary caregivers over time to examine the changing circumstances of their lives, as well as the personal characteristics, that might lead them toward or away from a variety of antisocial behaviors. Numerous measures were administered to respondents to gauge various aspects of human development, including individual differences, as well as family, peer, and school influences. One such was the Conflict Tactics Scale for Parent and Child (CTSS). The CTSS, administered to the primary caregiver (PC) of subjects belonging to Cohorts 0, 3, 6, and 9, measured psychological and physical maltreatment and neglect of children by their PC or any other adult family or household member, as well as nonviolent modes of discipline. The CTSS also measured the extent to which an adult carried out specific acts of physical and psychological aggression, regardless of whether the child was injured. This Wave 3 study was modified from the Wave 1 parent-child version of the Conflict Tactics Scale used in PROJECT ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN CHICAGO NEIGHBORHOODS (PHDCN): CONFLICT TACTICS SCALE FOR PARENT AND CHILD, WAVE 1, 1994-1997 (ICPSR 13584). It is also related to PROJECT ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN CHICAGO NEIGHBORHOODS (PHDCN): CAREGIVER-SUBJECT CONFLICT SCALE, WAVE 2, 1997-2000 (ICPSR 13612).
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Detroit Area Study, 1967: Citizens in Search of Justice (ICPSR 7406)

Released/updated on: 2006-12-13
Geographic coverage: Detroit, United States, Michigan
Time period: 1967-01-01--1967-12-31
This study of 780 adults in the Detroit metropolitan area provides information on their experiences with conflict situations and the ways in which they resolved them. Respondents' reactions to some actual events were probed, including problems involving neighbors, landlords, and government agencies, as well as situations of discrimination, and failure to receive entitlements due from insurance companies and government agencies. For each problematic area, respondents were asked to indicate how the conflict was resolved. Also explored were respondents' perceptions of and interactions with lawyers and their views on what could be done if an unfair law or decision were passed. Additional items probed respondents' views of Detroit, their neighborhood, the legal system, and the police. Demographic variables specify age, race, gender, education, marital status, place of birth, nationality, occupation, number of children, religion, home ownership, family income, and length of residence in the Detroit area.
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Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN): Young Adult Self Report, Wave 3, 2000-2002 (ICPSR 13751)

Released/updated on: 2006-10-12
Geographic coverage: United States, Chicago, Illinois
Time period: 2000-01-01--2002-12-31
The Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) was a large-scale, interdisciplinary study of how families, schools, and neighborhoods affect child and adolescent development. One component of the PHDCN was the Longitudinal Cohort Study, which was a series of coordinated longitudinal studies that followed over 6,000 randomly selected children, adolescents, and young adults, and their primary caregivers over time to examine the changing circumstances of their lives, as well as the personal characteristics, that might lead them toward or away from a variety of antisocial behaviors. Numerous measures were administered to respondents to gauge various aspects of human development, including individual differences, as well as family, peer, and school influences. One of the measures that composed the Longitudinal Cohort Study was the Young Adult Self Report (YASR). The YASR protocol was first developed by Thomas M. Achenbach. It has been a widely used measure for evaluating subjects between the ages of 18 and 30 with respect to their functioning in social relationships, level of mental, emotional and physical health, substance use and abuse, and their tendencies toward antisocial and criminal behavior. The Wave 3 PHDCN version of the Young Adult Self Report offered a thorough self-assessment of the respondents belonging to Cohorts 15 and 18 of the Longitudinal Cohort Study. The Wave 3 instrument featured a reduced version than was used in Wave 2 (PROJECT ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN CHICAGO NEIGHBORHOODS (PHDCN): YOUNG ADULT SELF REPORT, WAVE 2, 1997-2000 [ICPSR 13666]).
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Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN): Physical Abuse Scale, Wave 2, 1997-2000 (ICPSR 13642)

Released/updated on: 2006-04-05
Geographic coverage: United States, Chicago, Illinois
Time period: 1997-01-01--2000-12-31
The Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) was a large-scale, interdisciplinary study of how families, schools, and neighborhoods affect child and adolescent development. One component of the PHDCN was the Longitudinal Cohort Study, which was a series of coordinated longitudinal studies that followed over 6,000 randomly selected children, adolescents, and young adults, and their primary caregivers over time to examine the changing circumstances of their lives, as well as the personal characteristics, that might lead them toward or away from a variety of antisocial behaviors. Numerous measures were administered to respondents to gauge various aspects of human development, including individual differences, as well as family, peer, and school influences. One such measure was the Physical Abuse Scale (PAS). The PAS was administered to the primary caregiver (PC) of subjects belonging to Cohorts 0-15. It measured the extent to which partners in a dating, cohabiting, or marital relationship engage in physical attacks on each other. This Wave 2 study replaced the Wave 1 partner-spouse version of the Conflict Tactics Scale (PROJECT ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN CHICAGO NEIGHBORHOODS (PHDCN): CONFLICT TACTICS SCALE FOR PARTNER AND SPOUSE, WAVE 1, 1994-1997 [ICPSR 13583]).
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Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN): Caregiver-Subject Conflict Scale, Wave 2, 1997-2000 (ICPSR 13612)

Released/updated on: 2006-04-05
Geographic coverage: United States, Chicago, Illinois
Time period: 1997-01-01--2000-12-31
The Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) was a large-scale, interdisciplinary study of how families, schools, and neighborhoods affect child and adolescent development. One component of the PHDCN was the Longitudinal Cohort Study, which was a series of coordinated longitudinal studies that followed over 6,000 randomly selected children, adolescents, and young adults, and their primary caregivers over time to examine the changing circumstances of their lives, as well as the personal characteristics, that might lead them toward or away from a variety of antisocial behaviors. Numerous measures were administered to respondents to gauge various aspects of human development, including individual differences, as well as family, peer, and school influences. One such measure was the Caregiver-Subject Conflict Scale (CSC). The CSC was administered to the primary caregiver (PC) of subjects belonging to Cohorts 0-15. This Wave 2 study was modified from the Wave 1 parent-child version of the Conflict Tactics Scale (PROJECT ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN CHICAGO NEIGHBORHOODS (PHDCN): CONFLICT TACTICS SCALE FOR PARENT AND CHILD, WAVE 1, 1994-1997 [ICPSR 13584]) by adding items related to more positive forms of disciplinary tactics, modifying the response scale, and inquiring about tactics used not only by the PC, but by any adult household member. The CSC asked if any of several different ways of settling problems with the subject were used by any adult household member in the past year.
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Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN): Family Environment Scale, Wave 1, 1994-1995 (ICPSR 13590)

Released/updated on: 2006-03-01
Geographic coverage: United States, Chicago, Illinois
Time period: 1994-01-01--1997-12-31
The Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) was a large-scale, interdisciplinary study of how families, schools, and neighborhoods affect child and adolescent development. One component of the PHDCN was the Longitudinal Cohort Study, which was a series of coordinated longitudinal studies that followed over 6,000 randomly selected children, adolescents, and young adults, and their primary caregivers over time to examine the changing circumstances of their lives, as well as the personal characteristics, that might lead them toward or away from a variety of antisocial behaviors. Numerous measures were administered to respondents to gauge various aspects of human development, including individual differences, as well as family, peer, and school influences. One of these measures was the Family Environment Scale (FES). The FES was designed to assess the interpersonal relationships and the overall social environment within the family. The FES captures the perception of the family's functioning from one of its own members. In the case of the PHDCN Longitudinal Cohort Study, the respondents who completed the FES were the primary caregivers for cohorts 0-15 and the subjects composing cohort 18. The FES specifically sought to quantify three dimensions of the family environment: interpersonal relationships, directions of personal growth, and basic organization and structure. In addition to acting as a self-report measuring the family environment, the FES was also used as an instrument to observe the effect of the family environment on the individual subjects. Three scales (Conflict, Control, and Moral-Religious Emphasis) from the Family Environment Scale were used in this questionnaire to further evaluate the functioning of the family.
Curated
Restricted

Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN): Young Adult Self Report, Wave 1, 1994-1995 (ICPSR 13606)

Released/updated on: 2006-03-01
Geographic coverage: United States, Chicago, Illinois
Time period: 1994-01-01--1997-12-31
The Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) was a large-scale, interdisciplinary study of how families, schools, and neighborhoods affect child and adolescent development. One component of the PHDCN was the Longitudinal Cohort Study, which was a series of coordinated longitudinal studies that followed over 6,000 randomly selected children, adolescents, and young adults, and their primary caregivers over time to examine the changing circumstances of their lives, as well as the personal characteristics, that might lead them toward or away from a variety of antisocial behaviors. Numerous measures were administered to respondents to gauge various aspects of human development, including individual differences, as well as family, peer, and school influences. One of the measures that composed the Longitudinal Cohort Study was the Young Adult Self Report (YASR). The YASR protocol, a self-administered survey, was first developed by Thomas M. Achenbach and has been a widely used measure for evaluating subjects between the ages of 18 and 30 with respect to their functioning in social relationships, level of mental, emotional and physical health, substance use and abuse, as well as tendencies toward anti-social and criminal behavior. The PHDCN version of the Young Adult Self Report provided a thorough self assessment of the respondents belonging to Cohort 18 of the Longitudinal Cohort Study and scored each respondent based on his or her level of psychological and behavioral functioning.
Curated

International Cooperation and Regional Conflicts in the Post-Cold War World, 1987-1999 (ICPSR 2761)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18
Geographic coverage: Haiti, United States, Egypt, China (Peoples Republic), Somalia, Persian Gulf States, Global, Syria, Russia, North Korea, Saudi Arabia, Greece, Middle East, South Korea, Pakistan, Iran, Kosovo, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Qatar, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovenia, Iraq, Kuwait, Jordan, Bulgaria, Croatia, Romania, United Arab Emirates, India, Palestine, Albania, Lebanon, Cuba, Turkey, Taiwan, Macedonia, Israel, Soviet Union, Yemen
Time period: 1987-01-01--1999-12-31
This data collection contains event data for all regional conflicts that continued or began in the post-Cold War era, where outside involvement by a major power was present. The project traces dyadic interactions in the former Yugoslavia, Bosnia, Kosovo, the Levant, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Palestine, the United States, Russia, the former Soviet Union, the Persian Gulf, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Yemen, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Jordan, Somalia, India, Pakistan, Haiti, China, Taiwan, and Cuba. The data files were created using the Kansas Events Data System (KEDS), through which the subject, verb, and object from the first sentences of Reuters wire service stories were given nominal codes. Each data file contains four variables: event date, the source of the action, the target of the action, and the World Events Interaction Survey (WEIS) event code.
Curated
Restricted

Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN): Young Adult Self Report, Wave 2, 1997-2000 (ICPSR 13666)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-16
Geographic coverage: United States, Chicago, Illinois
Time period: 1997-01-01--2000-12-31
The Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) was a large-scale, interdisciplinary study of how families, schools, and neighborhoods affect child and adolescent development. One component of the PHDCN was the Longitudinal Cohort Study, which was a series of coordinated longitudinal studies that followed over 6,000 randomly selected children, adolescents, and young adults, and their primary caregivers over time to examine the changing circumstances of their lives, as well as the personal characteristics, that might lead them toward or away from a variety of antisocial behaviors. Numerous measures were administered to respondents to gauge various aspects of human development, including individual differences, as well as family, peer, and school influences. One of the measures that composed the Longitudinal Cohort Study was the Young Adult Self Report (YASR). The YASR protocol, a self-administered survey, was first developed by Thomas M. Achenbach. It has been a widely used measure for evaluating subjects between the ages of 18 and 30 with respect to their functioning in social relationships, level of mental, emotional and physical health, substance use and abuse, and their tendencies toward antisocial and criminal behavior. The Wave 2 PHDCN version of the Young Adult Self Report, including an officially revised version of behavior problem items, offered a thorough self-assessment of the respondents belonging to Cohort 18 of the Longitudinal Cohort Study, scoring each respondent based on his or her level of psychological and behavioral functioning.
Curated

Dimensions of Interaction, 1948-1973 (ICPSR 7426)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12
Geographic coverage: Cyprus, United States, Sudan, Egypt, China (Peoples Republic), Libya, Global, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Greece, Middle East, Pakistan, Morocco, Iran, Algeria, Iraq, Kuwait, France, Jordan, Tunisia, Japan, Europe, Africa, United Kingdom, India, Palestine, Lebanon, Canada, Turkey, Asia, Italy, Israel, Germany, Soviet Union, Indonesia
Time period: 1948-01-01--1973-12-31
This study includes event summaries derived from The Conflict and Peace Data Bank (COPDAB) Project (see also CONFLICT AND PEACE DATA BANK (COPDAB), 1948-1978 [ICPSR 7767]). Part 1 contains yearly summaries of events directed by one international actor toward another. There are both conflict and cooperation summaries, including measures of the frequency and intensity of events, and a measure of the dimension of interaction, which combines frequency and intensity. Event summaries are included only for dyads involving the following political entities as actors and targets: Algeria, Canada, China, Cyprus, Federal Republic of Germany, German Democratic Republic, Egypt, France, Greece, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Pakistan, Palestine Liberation Organization, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, and Soviet Union. Data are recorded for each dyad for each year between 1948-1973. Part 2 contains domestic event summaries for the same 31 political entities. The variables measure frequency, intensity, and dimension of interaction (frequency and intensity) for both conflictive and cooperative domestic events. Data are recorded by year for each entity. In Part 3, a variable records the total number of international events initiated by each actor in each year, while a second variable calculates this yearly total as a percentage of all events initiated by the same actor during the 26-year period. Part 4 provides similar information, but with the dyad actor-target as a unit of analysis. One variable records the total number of events initiated by the actor toward the target over the whole time period, while a second variable calculates the number of events directed at one target as a percentage of the events directed at all targets.
Curated

Dyadic Disputes, 1920-1968 (ICPSR 5401)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12
Geographic coverage: Global
Time period: 1920-01-01--1968-12-31
This study is an exploration of 121 dyadic disputes that occurred among 71 nations in the period 1920-1968 and were considered in at least one of four major international institutions: the Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ), the International Court of Justice (ICJ), the League of Nations, and the United Nations (UN). The data were collected to provide systematic and comparative analyses of these four international institutions in the international bargaining process. The two basic units of analysis used in this study are participants (nations) and cases. The participants data are further divided into national attributes of participants and patterns of institutional usage by participants. The case-unit data are divided into case attributes and attributes of the dyadic relationship between the two participants in each case. The Attributes of Participants File (Part 1) contains information on the date of each nation's independence, date when the case was introduced to the institution and how the case was introduced, date when the nation's current regime came to power, type of political systems, stage of nation's economic development, socio-cultural regions, geographical regions, and the degree of the nation's institutional usage. The Participant Usage File (Part 2) includes data on the total number of cases in which the nation participated, jointly submitted the dispute, or was the applicant, and each nation's total weighted index of participation in the four major international institutions. The Dyadic Relationships File (Part 3) includes data on the types of issues involved in each case, hostilities associated with the case, institutions credited with stopping hostilities, collective mediation and conciliation, truce enforcement, relative power capabilities of the disputants, and military and geographical distance between disputants, as well as comparisons of economic stages of development, socio-cultural and geographical regions, and institutional usages between the disputants.
Curated

Violent Events in France, 1830-1860 and 1930-1960 (ICPSR 9080)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12
Geographic coverage: France, Global
This data collection was constructed as part of an ongoing research project aimed at examining and reformulating alternative explanations of conflict in France during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Information is supplied on the characteristics of each set of participants in a violent event ("formation"), including demographic, occupational, and political variables, and on the characteristics of the event as a whole. The magnitude of each disturbance is described by information on the number of participants, the number of man-days expended, and the number of participants killed, wounded, or arrested, as well as the form and extent of violence, property damage, and the immediate consequences of the violent event. Included also are descriptive data specifying the date, duration, location, and proximate causes of each event, and the major divisions separating its antagonists. In addition, the data collection identifies the sources reporting each event and cites key descriptive words used in the accounts of the incident.
Curated

Rangoon Summer: 1988 Burma Protest Data (ICPSR 1279)

Released/updated on: 2003-04-18
Geographic coverage: Myanmar, Burma, Global
Time period: 1988-01-01--1988-12-31
This is a collection of intra-daily, interval-level data of protest and repression during the 1988 Burmese uprising (March 1-October 31, 1988) derived from content analysis of news wire reports, newspapers, and historical narratives.
Curated

Political Violence in the United States, 1819-1968 (ICPSR 80)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1819-01-01--1968-12-31
The data contained in this study deal with incidents of political and social violence in the United States from 1819 to 1968. Three indices of political violence used are the number of violent events, the number of deaths resulting from the events, and the number of injuries resulting from the events. Data are provided on the date of the violent event, nature of the target, number of attackers, level of violence by individual attacker and by a group of attackers, respectively, motivation or reason for the attack, numbers of deaths and injuries to targeted individuals and to attackers, type of attacker, property damage, and number of pages in newspaper issue devoted to the event. The data were originally collected in connection with the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence (established in 1968).
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