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The Eurobarometer series is a unique cross-national and cross-temporal survey program conducted on behalf of the European Commission. These surveys regularly monitor public opinion in the European Union (EU) member countries and consist of standard modules and special topic modules. The standard modules address attitudes towards European unification, institutions and policies, measurements for general socio-political orientations, as well as respondent and household demographics. The special topic modules address such topics as agriculture, education, natural environment and resources, public health, public safety and crime, and science and technology.

Eurobarometer 87.1 covered the following special topics: two years until the 2019 European elections, tobacco and electronic cigarettes, climate change, the impact of digitization and automation on daily life, and coach services. Questions regarding the European elections in 2019 included information on and the role of the European Parliament (EP), the knowledge about European institutions and the EP, the present and future of the EP, European values and policies, European identity, and media use. Further questions were asked regarding smoking habits and various tobacco/nicotine products. Respondents were queried about their smoking habits, their efforts to quit smoking, passive smoking inside, and banning advertisements for tobacco products. Respondent's opinions were collected on which world issues they believed were the most serious problems, how serious the issue of climate change was and if the EU should be responsible for addressing it, and what actions they have personally taken to fight climate change. Respondents were also asked their awareness of, usage of, and attitude towards autonomous systems including robots, artificial intelligence, driverless cars, civil drones, cyber security, online social networks, and health services. Lastly, several questions were asked regarding the usage frequency of coach services, the reasons for using coaches, and the appraisal of services.

Demographic and other background information collected includes left or right self-placement on political scale, age, gender, nationality, marital status, occupation, age when stopped full-time education, household composition, ownership of a fixed or mobile telephone and other goods, difficulties in paying bills, self-assessed social class, internet use, life satisfaction, political discussion frequency, and opinions on whether their voice counts in their country/EU. Country-specific data includes type and size of locality, region of residence, and language of interview (select countries).

PIDOP, Processes Influencing Democratic Ownership and Participation, was a multinational research project that was funded by the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme. The project examined the processes which influence democratic ownership and participation in nine European countries - Belgium, Czech Republic, England, Germany, Italy, Northern Ireland, Portugal, Sweden and Turkey. The project drew on the disciplines of Psychology, Politics, Sociology, Social Policy and Education to examine macro-level contextual factors (including historical, political, electoral, economic and policy factors), proximal social factors (including familial, educational and media factors) and psychological factors (including motivational, cognitive, attitudinal and identity factors) which facilitated and/or inhibited civic and political engagement and participation.

The project had a distinct focus on the psychology of the individual citizen and the psychological processes through which macro-level contextual factors and proximal social factors exert their effects upon citizens' civic and political engagement and participation. Young people, women, minorities and migrants were examined as four specific groups at risk of political disengagement. The research explored the differences as well as the overlap between civic and political engagement, and both direct and representative participation. The data were collected in three phases: Phase 1 (Focus Groups), Phase 2 (Individual Interviews), and Phase 3 (Quantitative Survey). Qualitative focus group and interview data are not included as part of this data collection at this time. Data included as part of this collection includes one dataset with 8197 cases for 198 variables. Demographic variables include: age, gender, ethnicity, nationality, citizenship, education-level, occupation, marital status, children, income, and political ideology.

The Eurobarometer series is a unique cross-national and cross-temporal survey program conducted on behalf of the European Commission. These surveys regularly monitor public opinion in the European Union (EU) member countries and consist of standard modules and special topic modules. The standard modules address attitudes towards European unification, institutions and policies, measurements for general socio-political orientations, as well as respondent and household demographics. The special topic modules address such topics as agriculture, education, natural environment and resources, public health, public safety and crime, and science and technology.

This round of Eurobarometer surveys covers the following special topics:(1) Europe 2020, (2) European Economy (3) European Citizenship and (4) Information behaviour and Assessment of Media Presentation with Regard to European Political Matters. Respondents' opinions were collected regarding life satisfaction, the standard of living, politics, trust, self-esteem, employment, and safety. Respondents were also questioned about the economic crisis, economic expectations, public debt, the media, and education. Additional questions were asked regarding EU policies, national and European identity, media usage, sources of information, participation in the EU, EU membership, and democracy.

Demographic and other background information collected includes age, gender, nationality, marital status, occupation, age when stopped full-time education, household composition, ownership of a fixed or mobile telephone and other goods, difficulties in paying bills, level in society, and Internet use. In addition, country-specific data includes type and size of locality, region of residence, and language of interview (select countries).

The Eurobarometer series is a unique cross-national and cross-temporal survey program conducted on behalf of the European Commission. These surveys regularly monitor public opinion in the European Union (EU) member countries and consist of standard modules and special topic modules. The standard modules address attitudes towards European unification, institutions and policies, measurements for general socio-political orientations, as well as respondent and household demographics. The special topic modules address such topics as agriculture, education, natural environment and resources, public health, public safety and crime, and science and technology.

Eurobarometer 85.2 covered the following special topics: (1) trends in personal and political scenarios, (2) the Europe 2020 strategy and policy priorities, (3) the financial and economic crisis and related EU policies, and (4) European citizenship. Respondents' opinions were collected regarding their predictions for the next 12 months in several arenas, including the EU economic crisis, the Turkish Cypriot community, and the respondent's life generally. Respondents were further questioned about topics discussed amongst friends and family, priorities in establishing an energy union, and immigration concerns. Perspectives were also gathered regarding various measures intended to improve the economy, and positive aspects of European citizenship.

Demographic and other background information collected includes age, gender, nationality, marital status, occupation, age when stopped full-time education, household composition, ownership of a fixed or mobile telephone and other goods, difficulties in paying bills, level in society, and Internet use. In addition, country-specific data includes type and size of locality, region of residence, and language of interview (select countries).

The Eurobarometer series is a unique cross-national and cross-temporal survey program conducted on behalf of the European Commission. These surveys regularly monitor public opinion in the European Union (EU) member countries and consist of standard modules and special topic modules. The standard modules address attitudes towards European unification, institutions and policies, measurements for general socio-political orientations, as well as respondent and household demographics. The special topic modules address such topics as agriculture, education, natural environment and resources, public health, public safety and crime, and science and technology.

Eurobarometer 87.3 covered standard trend questions on living conditions, important political issues, trust in institutions, democracy satisfaction, perception of and attitudes towards the European Union and European Unification, and also on their knowledge about the European Union. Respondents' opinions were collected regarding their level of political participation and general political attitudes. Respondents were also questioned about European Citizenship, citizen rights and identification. Additional questions were asked regarding the impact of the economic crisis on the job market, and about policy measures related to the financial and economic crisis. Respondents were also asked about policy priorities, such as the Europe 2020 strategy.

Demographic and other background information collected includes age, gender, nationality, marital status, occupation, age when stopped full-time education, household composition, ownership of a fixed or mobile telephone and other goods, difficulties in paying bills, level in society, and Internet use. In addition, country-specific data includes type and size of locality, region of residence, and language of interview (select countries).

The Eurobarometer series is a unique cross-national and cross-temporal survey program conducted on behalf of the European Commission. These surveys regularly monitor public opinion in the European Union (EU) member countries and consist of standard modules and special topic modules. The standard modules address attitudes towards European unification, institutions and policies, measurements for general socio-political orientations, as well as respondent and household demographics. The special topic modules address such topics as agriculture, education, natural environment and resources, public health, public safety and crime, and science and technology.

This round of Eurobarometer surveys covers the following special topics: (1) Attitudes towards the EU, (2) Europe 2020, (3) European economy, (4) European citizenship, and (5) Social reality in Europe. Respondents' opinions were collected regarding life satisfaction, the standard of living, self-esteem, employment, and safety. Respondents were also questioned about the economic crisis, economic expectations, public debt, and education. Additional questions were asked regarding the social welfare system, EU policies, national and European identity, participation in the EU, EU membership, and democracy.

Demographic and other background information collected includes age, gender, nationality, marital status, occupation, age when stopped full-time education, household composition, ownership of durable goods, difficulties in paying bills, self-assessed level in society, self-assessed social class, and Internet use. In addition, country-specific data includes type and size of locality, region of residence, and language of interview (select countries).

• 1960 Civic Culture Study (persistent URL: http://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR07201.v2) 
• 1967 Political Participation in America (persistent URL: http://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR07015.v1) 
• 1990 American Citizen Participation Study (persistent URL: http://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR06635.v1) and screener study (persistent URL: http://doi.org/10.3886/E100384V1)
• 2005 Citizen, Involvement, and Democracy Study (persistent URL: http://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR04607.v1) 
• 2004 Political Agendas and Citizen Engagement (PACES) Survey. The data file has been defined by the book's authors and can be found in this book’s archive. 
• 2008 Pew Internet and American Life Project (http://www.pewinternet.org/Reports/2009/15--The-Internet-and-Civic-Engagement.aspx) 
• American National Election Study (ANES): time series surveys from presidential election years 1952 to 2008 (http://www.electionstudies.org/) 
• Roper Social and Political Trends Data (1973-1994) from Roper Starch Worldwide and an updated Roper file (1973-2002).The cumulative data file has already been defined by the book's authors and can be found in this book’s archive.  

• _Ch1_Intro.sps
• _Ch5_Unequal_Voice.sps
• _Ch6_Persistence_UnequalVoice.sps
• _Ch7_Unequal_Starting.sps
• _Ch8_Life_Cycle.sps
• _Ch9_Perspectives.sps
• _Ch15_Recruitment.sps
• _Ch16_Weapon_of_Strong.sps

• CitPart_Setup.sps

This data collection represents a loose collaboration between Georgetown University's Center for Democracy and Civil Society (CDACS) and the European Social Survey (ESS). The data in Part 1 are from the United States Citizenship, Involvement, Democracy (CID) Survey, which was conducted between mid-May and mid-July of 2005, and consists of in-person interviews with a representative sample of 1,001 Americans who responded to an 80-minute questionnaire. The CID survey is a study of American civic engagement, social capital, and democracy in comparative perspective, and it provides perspective on citizen participation in both the public and private realms. The CID survey is integrated with several elements of a module from the 2002 version of the ESS, which was administered in 22 European countries. In addition to the replicated questions from the ESS, the CID survey includes questions related to the themes of social capital, activities in formal clubs and organizations, informal social networks and activities, personal networks (strong and weak ties), the composition and diversity of ties and associations, trust (in other people, the community, institutions, and politicians), local democracy and participation, democratic values, political citizenship, social citizenship, views on immigration and diversity, political identification, ideology, mobilization and action, and tolerance (concerning views and attitudes, least-liked groups, and racial stereotypes).

In order to facilitate and encourage the common use of several key variables, and to help individual users to avoid having to create certain scales and indices, the data in Part 1, Citizenship, Involvement, Democracy Survey Data (US Only), also include the following constructed variables: generalized trust, political action, party identification, participation in voluntary organizations, citizenship norms, the diversity of social networks, racial prejudice/negative stereotypes, national pride, attitudes toward immigrants, and demographic factors.

The data in Part 2, 2002 European Social Survey (ESS) Data Integrated with US Data, comprise the responses from the 2002 ESS merged with the responses from the US CID, but only contains the questions common to both the US CID and the 2002 ESS (without any constructed variables). The central aim of the ESS is to measure and explain how people's social values, cultural norms, and behavior patterns are distributed, the way in which they differ within and between nations, and the direction and speed at which they are changing. Data collection for the ESS takes place every two years, by means of face-to-face interviews of around an hour in duration.

Demographic variables for Part 1 and Part 2 include race, gender, age, marital status, income, religious preference, and highest level of education.

The objective of the Seattle Neighborhoods and Crime Survey (SNCS) was to test multilevel theories of neighborhood social organization and criminal violence. It was funded by the National Science Foundation (SES-0004324), and the National Consortium on Violence Research (SBR-9513040). Using the concept of differential neighborhood organization, the investigators posited that neighborhood crime is a function of informal social control against crime and informal organization in favor of crime. Informal neighborhood control against crime consists of neighborhood attachment, social capital, and collective efficacy. The study tested the hypothesis that individual social ties are explained by a rational choice model, which in turn produces neighborhood social capital that can be used to achieve collective goals. It also tested the hypothesis that neighborhoods rich in social capital had greater collective efficacy, which in turn, helped produce safe neighborhoods. Organization in favor of crime consists of violent codes of the street. The study tested the hypothesis that residents from disadvantaged neighborhoods tend to distrust police and other agents of conventional institutions, and consequently are more likely to participate in street culture, in which violence is a way of obtaining street credibility and status, as well as resolving disputes. The project has also examined dimensions of neighboring, and the causes and consequences of fear of crime.

The study used a telephone survey of households within all 123 census tracts in the city of Seattle, WA, conducted in 2002-2003. The sampling frame was designed by investigators at the University of Washington, with three objectives in mind: (a) to gain a random sample of households within each of 123 census tracts; (b) to obtain a disproportionate number of racial and ethnic minorities using an ethnic oversample; and (c) to obtain a replication sample of Terrance Miethe's 1990 victimization survey in 100 Seattle neighborhoods [Testing Theories of Criminality and Victimization in Seattle, 1960-1990]. Specific samples were drawn by Genesys, a sampling firm in Philadelphia, PA, using a constantly-updated compilation of white pages. Telephone interviews were conducted by the Social and Behavioral Research Institute at California State University, San Marcos, using computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) technology.

Respondents were asked about household demographics, such as race, gender, residential mobility, age distribution of the household, and income, their perceptions and assessments of their neighborhoods (including safety, disorder, and crime), neighbors, and relations with police. A variety of questions about neighboring were asked, including social capital (intergenerational closure, reciprocated exchange, and participation in neighborhood associations), attachment to their neighborhood, and collective efficacy (child-centered social control). Respondents were asked about routine activities including taking steps to protect their homes, spending time in bars and nightclubs, and leaving their home unattended. Questions about fear of crime included personal fear as well as altruistic fear for other members of the household, and questions about racial attitudes included residential preferences by race composition of the neighborhood. A victimization inventory modeled after the National Crime Victimization Survey was used for burglary, vandalism, stolen property, violence, and robbery. Demographic information includes age, race, sex, education, martial status, household income, whether respondent was a student, employment status, religious affiliation, approximate value of home, monthly rent including utilities, residence history in the last five years, whether respondent was born in the Unites States, and number of people currently living in the respondent's household.

For this survey, respondents from three counties in the Detroit, Michigan, area were queried about how they received and used information in their daily lives and how they viewed other people, groups, and institutions. Respondents were asked about their activities during the previous 12 months, the work they did, and about some things they or someone in their household may have experienced because of their race, ethnicity, or religion. Respondents were also asked for their opinions about American news coverage, helping children grow up, and what the aims of this country should be for the next ten years. In addition, questions addressed respondents' feelings and thoughts during the past 12 months about world events and the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. Demographic information includes age, sex, marital status, income, education, national origin, employment status, and household composition.

The 1993 Detroit Area Study explored a variety of issues related to health, the effects of aging, living conditions, and participation in civic life in the Michigan tri-county area of Wayne, Oakland, and Macomb counties. A battery of questions probed respondents' perceptions of their health and mental state and those of their spouse, their ability to perform certain physical and mental activities, and the effect of their emotional state on their appetite and sleeping patterns. Other explored their feelings about neighborhood safety, means of transportation, relationships, accommodation, the portrayal of older people on television programs, and the treatment of older people by employers. The survey also sought respondents' opinions about government, their personal financial situation and problems, money management, savings and investments, and their life as a whole. Additional items questioned respondents about the frequency of their visits to the doctor, overnight hospitalization, chronic health conditions, smoking and drinking habits, and medical coverage, as well as electoral participation, political party preference, ideological leanings, class self-identification, assistance received from community organizations, family, and friends, personal regrets, and time spent watching television and engaging in pleasurable activities. Other questions gauged respondents' memory, vision, and motor skills. Respondents also provided demographic information on sex, age, marital status, race, ethnicity, religion, and education.

The 1989 Detroit Area Study is a social, economic, and political profile of the tri-county Detroit area (Wayne, Oakland, and Macomb counties). This study addresses fundamental issues of inequality and explores the public's views on crime, education, class, and race. Assessments of the nature and extent of citizen involvement in these community problems and issues are included. A substantial part of the study is devoted to a detailed examination of the extent of racial segregation in the tri-county area, with particular attention to the gap between Blacks and whites in economic resources, vulnerability to crime, assessments of community problems, and political participation. Demographic characteristics of respondents include marital status, education, age, race, sex, employment status, union membership, and income.