Showing 1 – 9 of 9 results.
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Investigating Root Causes of School Violence: A Case-Control Study of School Violence Offenders, Non-School Youth Violence Offenders, and Non-Offending Youths, United States, 1990-2020 (ICPSR 39020)
Released/updated on: 2024-10-30
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1990-01-01--2020-12-31
This study investigated root causes of school shootings by using a case-control methodology to compare 157 adolescent school shooters (cases) to samples of two key comparison groups: 157 non-school adolescent shooting offenders and 157 non-offending youths who attended the same school as the school shooter (controls) in the United States between 1990 and 2020 (overall n=471). Specifically, the researchers compared:
- Adolescent school shooters who committed shootings both fatal and non-fatal to adolescents who committed shootings both fatal and non-fatal outside school grounds in the community.
- Adolescent school shooters who committed homicide to adolescents who committed shooting homicides outside school grounds in the community.
- Adolescent school shooters who caused non-fatal injuries to adolescents who committed non-fatal shootings with injuries outside school grounds in the community.
- Adolescent school shooters to non-offending students from the same school.
All groups were compared on items theorized to be risk and protective factors to crime based on major criminology theories, such as social learning, general strain, social control, bio-social, life course, and psychology. Building upon the methodology used in The American School Shooting Study (TASSS), this study relied on open-source, content analysis research methods to obtain all publicly available information on the sampled individuals. Files were collected from over 60 databases, major search engines, and archival resources, which were then reviewed and coded by the research team for evidence of risk and protective factors.
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Outcome Evaluation of the Comprehensive Indian Resources for Community and Law Enforcement (CIRCLE) Project With Data From Nine Tribes in the United States, 1995-2004 (ICPSR 20402)
Released/updated on: 2015-01-20
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1995-01-01--2004-12-31
The data for this study were collected in Phase 2, the outcome evaluation, of the Comprehensive Indian Resources for Community and Law Enforcement (CIRCLE) Project. The CIRCLE Project was launched in the late 1990s to strengthen tribal justice systems and, through effective tribal-level planning and strategic comprehensive approaches, to better equip Native American nations to combat the interlinked community problems of crime, violence, substance abuse, and juvenile delinquency. The Native American nations invited to participate in the CIRCLE Project were the Northern Cheyenne, the Ogling Sioux, and the Zuni. Part 1, Participant Data, contains data on each of the Native American nations. The Northern Cheyenne data include variables on juvenile arrests between 1995 and 2003 for intoxication, curfew violations, disorderly conduct, and total arrests. The Oglala Sioux data include variables on police force stability and court pleadings. The Zuni data include variables on arrests for simple assault, public intoxication, driving while intoxicated (DWI), endangerment, domestic violence, and total arrests between 2001 and 2004. Part 2, United States Department of Justice Funding Data, contains data on funding given to the Northern Cheyenne, the Oglala Sioux, the Zuni, and six comparison Native American nations for fiscal years 1998 to 2003.
Curated
CBS News/New York Times Clinton/Dole Comparison Poll, June 1996 (ICPSR 4510)
Released/updated on: 2008-09-03
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1996-05-01--1996-06-30
This special topic poll, fielded May 31-June 3, is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Respondents were asked to give their opinion of President Bill Clinton and his handling of the presidency, and of various issues such as foreign policy and the economy. Opinions were solicited on the condition of the national economy, what was the most important problem facing respondents and their families, their communities, and the country, how much the president could help with those problems, and whether they approved of the way Congress was handling its job. Respondents were asked whether they had been paying attention to the 1996 Presidential campaign, which candidate they would vote for if the presidential and United States House of Representatives elections were being held that day, and to give their opinions of Senator Bob Dole, First Lady Hillary Clinton, and Speaker of the House of Representatives Newt Gingrich. Several questions asked whether respondents leaned more toward Bill Clinton or Bob Dole based on specific issues, such as unemployment, family values and illegal drugs, whether it is better to have a president from the same political party that controls Congress, and whether the campaigns of Bill Clinton and Bob Dole have been more positive than past presidential campaigns. Respondents were asked whether they knew about the Clinton's past involvement in the Arkansas real estate development called Whitewater, whether the Clintons were trustworthy, whether the Whitewater issue was of great importance to the nation, and whether the verdicts in the Whitewater trial of Bill Clinton's former business partners affected their opinion of Bill Clinton. A series of questions asked about issues dealing with crime, including whether crime increased in the country and in respondents' communities within the last year, teenage crime, whether respondents or their family members had been the victim of a crime within the last year, whether the respondent's community was safe for women and children, what was the most important cause of crime, whether parents should be held legally accountable for their school-aged children's crimes, and whether respondents would approve of a curfew for children under the age of 18 within their community. Information was also collected on whether respondents considered themselves part of the religious right movement, and whether they listened to political call-in radio shows. Additional topics included abortion, the environment, the government, taxes and the budget deficit, job and financial security, and union involvement in political campaigns. Demographic variables include sex, age, race, education level, voter registration status and participation history, household income, religious preference, household union membership, political ideology, political party affiliation, political philosophy, whether respondents had any children under the age of 18, and whether respondents had any children entering the ninth grade in the fall.
Curated
Exploratory Spatial Data Approach to Identify the Context of Unemployment-Crime Linkages in Virginia, 1995-2000 (ICPSR 4546)
Released/updated on: 2006-08-31
Geographic coverage: United States, Virginia
Time period: 1995-01-01--2000-12-31
This research is an exploration of a spatial approach to identify the contexts of unemployment-crime relationships at the county level. Using Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) techniques, the study explored the relationship between unemployment and property crimes (burglary, larceny, motor vehicle theft, and robbery) in Virginia from 1995 to 2000. Unemployment rates were obtained from the Department of Labor, while crime rates were obtained from the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Uniform Crime Reports. Demographic variables are included, and a resource deprivation scale was created by combining measures of logged median family income, percentage of families living below the poverty line, and percentage of African American residents.
Curated
Arson Measurement, Analysis, and Prevention in Massachusetts, 1983-1985 (ICPSR 9972)
Released/updated on: 2006-03-30
Geographic coverage: United States, Massachusetts
Time period: 1983-01-01--1985-12-31
These data were gathered to test a model of the socioeconomic and demographic determinants of the crime of arson. Datasets for this analysis were developed by the principal investigator from records of the Massachusetts Fire Incident Reporting System and from population and housing data from the 1980 Census of Massachusetts. The three identically-structured data files include variables such as population size, fire incident reports, employment, income, family structure, housing type, housing quality, housing occupancy, housing availability, race, and age.
Curated
Trends in Substance Abuse and Treatment Needs Among Inmates in the United States, 1996-1997 (ICPSR 3714)
Released/updated on: 2006-01-18
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1996-01-01--1997-12-31
This data collection consists of the SPSS syntax used to recode existing variables and create new variables from the SURVEY OF INMATES OF LOCAL JAILS, 1996 [ICPSR 6858] and the SURVEY OF INMATES IN STATE AND FEDERAL CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES, 1997 [ICPSR 2598]. Using the data from these two national surveys on jail and prison inmates, this study sought to expand the analyses of these data in order to fully explore the relationship between type and intensity of substance abuse and other health and social problems, analyze access to treatment and services, and make estimates of the need for different types of treatment services in correctional systems.
Curated
Repeat Complaint Address Policing: Two Field Experiments in Minneapolis, 1985-1987 (ICPSR 9788)
Released/updated on: 2006-01-18
Geographic coverage: Minneapolis, United States, Minnesota
Time period: 1985-01-01--1987-12-31
A leading sociological theory of crime is the "routine activities" approach (Cohen and Felson, 1979). The premise of this theory is that the rate of occurrence of crime is affected by the convergence in time and space of three elements: motivated offenders, suitable targets, and the absence of guardianship against crime. The purpose of this study was to provide empirical evidence for the routine activities theory by investigating criminal data on places. This study deviates from traditional criminology research by analyzing places instead of collectivities as units of spatial analysis. There are two phases to this study. The purpose of the first phase was to test whether crime occurs randomly in space or is concentrated in "hot spots". Telephone calls for police service made in 1985 and 1986 to the Minneapolis Police Department were analyzed for patterns and concentration of repeat calls and were statistically tested for randomness. For the second phase of the study, two field experiments were designed to test the effectiveness of a proactive police strategy called Repeat Complaint Address Policing (RECAP). Samples of residential and commercial addresses that generated the most concentrated and most frequent repeat calls were divided into groups of experimental and control addresses, resulting in matched pairs. The experimental addresses were then subjected to a more focused proactive policing. The purposes of the RECAP experimentation were to test the effectiveness of proactive police strategy, as measured through the reduction in the incidence of calls to the police and, in so doing, to provide empirical evidence on the routine activities theory. Variables in this collection include the number of calls for police service in both 1986 and 1987 to the control addresses for each experimental pair, the number of calls for police service in both 1986 and 1987 to the experimental addresses for each experimental pair, numerical differences between calls in 1987 and 1986 for both the control addresses and experimental addresses in each experimental pair, percentage difference between calls in 1987 and 1986 for both the control addresses and the experimental addresses in each experimental pair, and a variable that indicates whether the experimental pair was used in the experimental analysis. The unit of observation for the first phase of the study is the recorded telephone call to the Minneapolis Police Department for police service and assistance. The unit of analysis for the second phase is the matched pair of control and experimental addresses for both the residential and commercial address samples of the RECAP experiments.
Curated
Detroit Area Study, 1979: A Study of Metropolitan Issues (ICPSR 9301)
Released/updated on: 1992-02-17
Geographic coverage: Detroit, United States, Michigan
Time period: 1979-01-01--1979-12-31
Crime and other matters of criminal justice were the main focus of inquiry for this Detroit Area Study. Respondents were asked to report on incidents of crime against themselves, relatives, and friends. They also were queried about their fears of being victimized by crime and about measures they had undertaken to protect themselves against crime. In addition, the survey elicited views on wide range of criminal justice issues such as the death penalty, the causes of crime and ways to reduce it, the salience of crime as a social problem, the legalization of marijuana use, handgun laws, the criminality of certain acts such as shooting a fleeing burglar, the construction of new prisons, the imposition of new taxes to improve law enforcement, the allocation of federal funds to police and other services, the activities of the police and courts including their fairness toward blacks, and whether or not convicting the innocent was better than letting the guilty go free. The survey also sought respondents' views on other social issues, such as prayer in public schools, labor unions, the Equal Rights amendment, defense spending, abortion, the quality of public schools, and affirmative action. Additional information gathered by the survey includes duration of residence in the tri-county area and at the current address, place of previous residence, moves planned for the future, television viewing habits, which newspapers were read, gun ownership, shopping habits, home and motor vehicle ownership, use of public transportation, travel to work, political and social class affiliation, satisfaction with neighborhoods and with the tri-county area, and information on age, sex, place of birth, marital status, education, employment, occupation, income, religion, race, ethnicity, and household composition.
Curated
Safe School Study, 1976-1977 (ICPSR 7662)
Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Time period: 1976-01-01--1977-12-31
This data collection contains information obtained from a total of 31,373 students, 23,895 teachers, and 15,894 principals in the United States in 1976-1977 in the Safe School Study, mandated by the United States Congress under Public Law 93-380 (Section 825). The legislation was in response to growing public concern regarding incidents of violence and vandalism occurring in the nation's schools. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency and seriousness of crime in elementary and secondary schools in the United States, the number and location of schools affected by crime, the cost of replacement or repair of objects damaged by school crime, and possible methods of prevention. The legislation specified that the study was to be conducted by the National Institute of Education (NIE). The NIE designed the study in three phases, and data collection was carried out by the Research Triangle Institute, with computer work supervised by Sheldon Laube of C.M. Leinwand Associates. The primary data for the study were collected in two concurrent sample surveys: Phase I and Phase II. Phase I, a mail survey, asked more than 4,000 elementary and secondary school principals to report in detail on the incidence of illegal or disruptive activities in their schools. Nine one-month reporting periods between February 1976 and January 1977, excluding summer months, were assigned to participating schools on a random basis. Parts 2 and 11 contain data gathered from school principals in this phase. In Phase II, field representatives conducted on-site and follow-up surveys of junior and senior high school students and teachers in public secondary schools. They were asked to report any experiences they might have had as victims of violence or theft in the reporting month. In addition, they provided information about themselves, their schools, and their communities. Also, the principals in this sample were asked to keep a record of incidents during the reporting month, including robberies, attacks, and thefts. They also supplied information about their schools' characteristics and crime prevention methods. Parts 7, 16, 19, 24, 29, 30, 35, 39, 43, and 47 contain the data gathered in this phase. Part 18 contains the combined data gathered in the Principal questionnaires, utilizing both Phase I and Phase II samples. Part 51 is a file created to supply community information about each Phase II school. Most of its information was extracted from the 1970 Census, but it also includes weather and unemployment data. Phase III involved a more intensive qualitative study of 10 schools, most which had had a history of problems with crime and violence, but which had improved dramatically in a short time. Some crimes explored were vandalism, theft, personal violence, and verbal abuse. The place of occurrence and characteristics of each offender were also examined. The 10 case studies created as a result of Phase III can be read in the primary codebook for this data collection: United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. National Institute of Education. VIOLENT SCHOOLS -- SAFE SCHOOLS: THE SAFE SCHOOL STUDY REPORT TO THE CONGRESS, VOLUME 1. Washington, DC: United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1978.