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Treatment plans for patients with long-term health problems such as diabetes or arthritis often change over time. Such plans are called adaptive treatment plans as doctors adapt treatment based on the patient's health problem and response to earlier treatments. Adaptive treatment plans are common, but the methods to assess how well a plan works may not always provide accurate results. To know which plans are best for patients, researchers need better methods to compare these adaptive plans.

In this study, the research team developed and tested a new statistical method and looked at whether it could more accurately compare adaptive treatment plans.

To access the methods and software, please visit the PCATS Application.

Patients and their healthcare providers, such as doctors and nurses, can use survey scores to track the symptoms of illnesses like rheumatoid arthritis, or RA, over time. Tracking symptoms in this way can help them understand if a treatment is working well for a patient.

When researchers create and test these surveys, they want to be sure that patients' survey scores match how severe patients feel their symptoms are. Researchers also want to know what changes in survey results show that symptoms have changed so much that patients might want to change treatment.

In this study, the research team had patients with RA and providers read stories that described what patients felt like with higher and lower scores of two symptoms:

• Fatigue, or lack of energy
• Pain interference, or how much pain interferes with their lives

Patients and providers decided whether each story showed a mild, moderate, or severe level of symptoms. They also gave their views about how large a change in scores would need to be to show that pain or fatigue was getting better or worse.

Researchers can use data from patient registries to look at which medicines or other treatments work best. Registries store data about people with a specific health problem. The data may include the health care and medicines patients receive over time and patient reports of their health status.

To find out patients' health status, registries ask patients to fill out surveys at different times during treatment. Researchers can compare survey results from when patients first take the survey with results from surveys taken after treatment. They can then find out how well a medicine works. But patients may not always take the first survey before they start a new medicine. Sometimes, they don't take the first survey until after starting treatment. When this happens, it is hard to know how well the medicine works.

In this study, the research team looked at different ways to use data from patient surveys in registries. The team wanted to learn which way would give the most accurate understanding of the effects of a new medicine. The study also looked at patients' views on taking part in registries.

• Identify barriers and facilitators to assessment and risk stratification for OUD in people with disabilities from chronic musculoskeletal pain and factors that inhibit their entry into OUD treatment services

• Identify evidence-informed practices, instruments, and resources for assessing OUD in people with disabilities from chronic musculoskeletal pain, risk stratification for OUD, and facilitating entry into OUD treatment services

• Develop or adapt and test a screening instrument for OUD in people with disabilities experiencing chronic musculoskeletal pain

• Develop a research-based OUD assessment and referral toolkit to guide providers treating people with disabilities related to musculoskeletal conditions and to inform people with disabilities about OUD, OUD risk when taking opioids, and the OUD screening and treatment process

• Disseminate the issue briefs and OUD assessment and referral toolkit through Webpages hosted by the AIR Center for Multi-System Solutions to the Opioid Epidemic, along with partners that influence the target audiences (people with disabilities, providers, and policymakers).

The Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging (SALSA Study) project tracked the incidence of physical and cognitive impairment as well as dementia and cardiovascular diseases in elderly Latinos in the Sacramento, California, region. The SALSA project aimed to assess cognitive, physical, and social functions, which include the ability to follow instructions, to perform certain movements, and to interact with others. The study explored the effects that cultural, nutritional, social, and cardiovascular risk factors have on overall health and dementia, and examined the association between diabetes and functional status. This study contains the neuroclinical exam data from the SALSA project. Demographic information includes age given at follow-up visits, country of birth, language, religion, marital status, educational level, occupation, household income, and size of household.

This study contains demographic variables for the the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging (SALSA) Series and can be used with ICPSR studies 22760, 29321, 29322, 29323. Demographic variables include gender, primary language, country of origin, state of birth, cause of death, 2000 census tract codes, birth date, date of death, and age given at follow-up visits.

About SALSA: The Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging (SALSA Study) project tracked the incidence of physical and cognitive impairment as well as dementia and cardiovascular diseases in elderly Latinos in the Sacramento, California, region. The SALSA project aimed to assess cognitive, physical, and social functions, which include the ability to follow instructions, to perform certain movements, and to interact with others. The study explored the effects that cultural, nutritional, social, and cardiovascular risk factors have on overall health and dementia, and examined the association between diabetes and functional status.

The Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging (SALSA Study) project tracked the incidence of physical and cognitive impairment as well as dementia and cardiovascular diseases in elderly Latinos in the Sacramento, California, region. The SALSA project aimed to assess cognitive, physical and social functions, which include the ability to follow instructions, to perform certain movements, and to interact with others. The study explored the effects that cultural, nutritional, social and cardiovascular risk factors have on overall health and dementia, and examined the association between diabetes and functional status. Demographic information includes age given at follow-up visits, country of birth, language, religion, marital status, educational level, occupation, household income, and size of household.