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Self-published

Challenges in the distribution of antimicrobial medications in community dispensaries in Accra, Ghana (ICPSR 192062)

Released/updated on: 2024-03-26

Geographic coverage: Accra, Greater Accra, Ghana

Time period: 2021-11-16--2021-12-31

This data was originally collected as part of a senior undergraduate thesis conducted in Accra, Ghana, in Fall 2021. Fieldwork was conducted in 80 medicine shops throughout Accra, using an in-depth survey questionnaire administered verbally. After obtaining informed consent and distributing study details, survey questions were read aloud to participants and results were transcribed by researchers. The questions focused on the distribution of antimicrobial medications, in an effort to elucidate patterns in community-level distribution and predict the risk of emerging antimicrobial resistance.Community distribution of medications in low- and middle-income countries has been shown to accelerate the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. The distribution of medications is often carried out by private vendors operating under constrained conditions. Yet patterns in medicine distribution, and their consequences, are not well understood. The aim of this study was to illuminate the challenges reported by employees of chemical shops and pharmacies throughout Accra. This study sought to 1) assess obstacles and challenges faced by medicine vendors during their sales of antibiotic and antimalarial medications, and 2) identify opportunities for improving community-level stewardship of antimicrobials.

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Comparison of Outcomes of Antibiotic Drugs and Appendectomy (CODA), United States, 2016-2020 (ICPSR 38541)

Released/updated on: 2022-11-14

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2016-05-03--2021-06-21

Antibiotics are considered a feasible treatment for appendicitis, yet appendectomy remains the treatment standard in the United States. Previous randomized trials comparing these treatments excluded important subgroups and recruited small sample sizes but questions remain about the applicability of these previous findings. This study conducted the Comparison of Outcomes of antibiotic Drugs and Appendectomy (CODA) randomized clinical trial to compare antibiotics with appendectomy among adults with appendicitis, including those with appendicolith. Those recruited comprised a diverse population, compared an overall measure of health status as the primary outcome, and included several secondary clinical and patient-reported outcomes, complications, and measures of healthcare utilization.

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Simple Crosstabs

Eurobarometer 85.1: Perceptions and Expectations, the Fight Against Terrorism and Radicalisation, Antimicrobial Resistance, Financial Products and Services, Online Platforms, April 2016 (ICPSR 36672)

Released/updated on: 2017-12-21

Geographic coverage: Cyprus, Portugal, Malta, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Great Britain, Austria, Latvia, Luxembourg, Ireland, Poland, Slovenia, Slovakia, France, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Croatia, Romania, Hungary, Northern Ireland, Spain, Czech Republic, Belgium, European Union, Finland, Denmark, Italy, Germany, Estonia

Time period: 2016-01-01--2016-12-31

The Eurobarometer series is a unique cross-national and cross-temporal survey program conducted on behalf of the European Commission. These surveys regularly monitor public opinion in the European Union (EU) member countries and consist of standard modules and special topic modules. The standard modules address attitudes toward European unification, institutions and policies, measurements for general socio-political orientations, as well as respondent and household demographics. The special topic modules address such topics as agriculture, education, natural environment and resources, public health, public safety and crime, and science and technology.

Eurobarometer 85.1 covered the following special topics: (1) Attitudes Toward the EU and the Fight Against Terrorism in the EU, (2) Antimicrobial Resistance, (3) Financial Products and Services, and (4) Online Platforms. Respondents' opinions were collected regarding attitudes toward European policies and actions, the terrorist threat and measures against terrorism, radicalisation and recruitment of EU citizens by terrorist organizations, and the mutual defense clause of the EU. Respondents were also questioned about their use of antibiotics and understanding of antimicrobial resistance, familiarity with antibiotic use in farm animals, and thoughts on the effectiveness of tackling antibiotic resistance at the individual, regional, national, EU, and global level. Additional questions were asked regarding respondent use of financial products and services, including those purchased in other EU member states, provider changes, and cross-border transactions using other currencies. Respondents' opionions were also queried regarding online platforms, search engines and search results, terms and conditions of online platforms, use of personal data, and the reliability of review rankings or rating systems.

Demographic and other background information collected includes age, gender, nationality, marital status, occupation, age when stopped full-time education, household composition, ownership of a fixed or mobile telephone and other goods, difficulties in paying bills, level in society, and Internet use. In addition, country-specific data includes type and size of locality, region of residence, and language of interview (select countries).

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Eurobarometer 79.4: Social Climate, Development Aid, Cyber Security, Public Transport, Anti-Microbial Resistance and Space Technology, May-June 2013 (ICPSR 36038)

Released/updated on: 2015-07-08

Geographic coverage: Portugal, Global, Malta, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Great Britain, Austria, Latvia, Luxembourg, Ireland, Poland, Slovenia, Slovakia, France, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Croatia, Romania, Hungary, Europe, United Kingdom, Northern Ireland, Spain, Czech Republic, Belgium, European Union, Finland, Denmark, Italy, Germany, Estonia

Time period: 2013-06-09--2013-06-24

The Eurobarometer series is a unique cross-national and cross-temporal survey program conducted on behalf of the European Commission. These surveys regularly monitor public opinion in the European Union (EU) member countries and consist of standard modules and special topic modules. The standard modules address attitudes towards European unification, institutions and policies, measurements for general socio-political orientations, as well as respondent and household demographics however this collection does not contain standard module questions. The special topic modules address such topics as agriculture, education, natural environment and resources, public health, public safety and crime, and science and technology.

This round of Eurobarometer surveys covers the following special topics: (1) social climate, (2) development aid (3) cyber security (4) public transport (5) Anti-microbial resistance and (6) space technology. In regard to social climate, respondents were asked about their life satisfaction, employment, opinions on healthcare and pension provisions, unemployment benefits, cost of living and asked about past present and future options on the affordability of housing and energy. Lastly thoughts were measured on EU investments and knowledge of the European Social Fund. The development aid section includes questions on the importance of helping developing countries, the Millennium Development Goals, future focus of development policy, and practicality of achieving development goals. Questions in the cyber security section asks about frequency of Internet use, devices used to access the Internet, online activities, confidence in the ability to engage in Internet transactions, online banking concerns, adjustments to Internet use based upon concerns, online harassment and knowledge of cybercrime risks. Queries of public transport/ urban mobility special topic asks about use of car, public transportation, cycling and walking, frequency of travel within cities, problems during travel, opinions on problems in the city, ways to improve city travel, measures to improve travel and responsibility for reducing traffic. Measures taken from the anti-microbial resistance section include use of antibiotics, how antibiotics are obtained, reason for taking antibiotics, knowledge about antibiotics, opinions on group responsibility and knowledge and opinions about use of antibiotics. Lastly, the space technology section asks about the role of space derived technologies, opinions on investing in human space exploration, consequences of climate change, opinions on whether linking space activities to education would encourage students to choose STEM careers, ready to use automated vehicles, opinions on whether space investment will lead to job creation, concerns about asteroids and space-based services, reasons for and against investing in space exploration.

Demographic and other background information collected includes age, gender, nationality, marital status and parental relations, occupation, age when stopped full-time education, household composition, ownership of a fixed or a mobile telephone and other durable goods, difficulties in paying bills, level in society, and Internet use. In addition, country-specific data includes type and size of locality, region of residence, and language of interview (select countries).

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Undiagnosed Trichomoniasis Infection in the Population of Baltimore, MD: Data from the 2006 - 2009 Monitoring STIs Survey Program (ICPSR 35066)

Released/updated on: 2014-11-25

Geographic coverage: Baltimore, United States, Maryland

Time period: 2006-09-05--2009-08-15

The Monitoring STIs Survey Program (MSSP) monitored sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevalence among probability samples of adolescents and young adults aged 15 to 35 with landline phones in Baltimore, Maryland from 2006 to 2009. The MSSP collected survey data using telephone audio computer-assisted self-interviewing (TACASI) and biospecimens which were tested using nucleic acid amplification tests to monitor trichomonaiasis and other STIs. Respondents provided information about their sexual practices, sexual history, information about incarceration of themselves or their partners, and information about sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), STIs, and respective treatments. Demographic variables collected include gender, race, educational attainment, age, employment status, and marital status.

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Trends in Undiagnosed Chlamydia Prevalence in Baltimore, 1997-1998 and 2006-2009 (ICPSR 35064)

Released/updated on: 2014-09-26

Geographic coverage: Baltimore, United States, Maryland

Time period: 1997-01-01--1998-09-30, 2006-09-01--2009-06-30

The 1997-1998 Baltimore STD and Behavior Survey (BSBS) and the 2006-2009 Monitoring STIs Survey Program (MSSP) collected biospecimens from adults ages 18 to 35 in Baltimore to estimate trends in undiagnosed chlamydial infection. The survey recruited a population sample of young adults to participate in an in-person survey of sexual and other sensitive behaviors and STD history. BSBS data collection was conducted over the period of January, 1997 through September, 1998. Respondents also provided a urine sample. The MSSP collected telephone survey data and eligible respondents mailed in specimens for testing. The biospecimens allowed for continuous monitoring of three STIs -- gonorrhea, chlamydial infection, and trichomoniasis. The data collection contains variables about infection symptoms, use of antibiotics, sexual activity and behavior, domestic violence, drug use and whether respondents are positive for chlamydia. Demographic information includes gender, age, education, marital status, race, and employment status.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Eurobarometer 72.5: E-Communications, Agriculture, Geographical and Labor Market Mobility, and Knowledge of Antibiotic Use, November-December 2009 (ICPSR 29842)

Released/updated on: 2013-07-10

Geographic coverage: Cyprus, Portugal, Global, Malta, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, Latvia, Luxembourg, Ireland, Poland, Slovenia, Slovakia, France, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Romania, Hungary, Europe, United Kingdom, Spain, Czech Republic, Belgium, Finland, Denmark, Italy, Germany, Estonia

Time period: 2009-11-13--2009-12-09

This round of Eurobarometer surveys diverged from the Standard Eurobarometer measures and queried respondents on the following major areas of focus: (1) e-communications, (2) agriculture, (3) geographical and labor market mobility, and (4) knowledge of antibiotic use. The first major area of focus, e-communications, dealt with the nature, frequency, and quality of e-communications in the household. All respondents were asked whether they owned a fixed or mobile telephone and other goods, and about the number of different types of mobile phone access in the household. For those respondents with a personal mobile telephone, the survey asked about their mobile phone subscription services and how much they pay for mobile phone service as compared to two years ago. Respondents with fixed telephone access expressed their opinion about their landline phone services, and those with no fixed telephone access were asked why they chose not to have a fixed phone line, and how often and why they use public payphones. In addition, respondents were asked which type of services the household used to receive television and Internet in their homes. Respondents with Internet access were asked about accessing the Internet anytime and through what methods, the quality of their Internet service, and whether or not they had ever considered changing Internet service providers. Those without broadband or any Internet access were asked why they had chosen not to have broadband access or any Internet access in their homes. Finally, participants were asked about the confidentiality of the data they provide to telecom companies and social networking Web sites, use of social networking Web sites and telephone directories, whether they would consider buying a technology bundle, and their opinions about communication packages and e-communications services. For the second major area of focus, agriculture, the survey queried participants on the importance of and their knowledge about agriculture, including agricultural policy, who should address certain agricultural issues and which issues should be a main priority of the European Union (EU). They were also asked to evaluate the EU's current and potential future actions on agriculture, the main responsibilities and roles of farmers, the most important reasons for maintaining agriculture in the EU, and whether or not they thought the current economic support measures in place for farmers are appropriate. The respondents were also presented questions about agriculture in relation to climate change. The third major area of focus, geographical and labor market mobility, queried participants on their opinions about moving abroad, including whether they had personally done so for education or employment, and whether family or friends had ever lived or worked abroad. Respondents who lived or worked in another country were asked how often they commuted across the border, which country they had visited, the duration of their last stay, the general type of work done, and how they found that job. Respondents who were retired were asked about whether they envisage to work outside their country in the future, how soon they would be likely to work there, and the type of employment that interests them in that country. In addition, they were asked to identify which countries they would prefer to work in, why they prefer these countries, the length of time they intend to work outside their own country, and whether they had taken any steps to move to another country. If these respondents were moving to a specific country, the survey inquired whether friends or relatives could supply them with information about the country, whether they would move there alone or with other people, and how they would go about finding a job in another country. All respondents were asked whether they would move abroad if they were unemployed and having difficulties finding a job, the income they would need in order to take a job in another country, the type of commute to work preferred, and the chances of finding a job outside their own country. Respondents were then asked about their knowledge of EURES, the Europe-wide network of public employment services, which employment service they would find useful, what reasons might encourage or discourage them from working abroad, and what difficulties they may encounter when working abroad. The survey queried respondents on their opinion of pension payments and health care after retirement, reimbursement for medical treatment by their national health service, and their awareness and use of the European Health Insurance Card (EHIC). For the fourth and final major area of focus, knowledge of antibiotic use, participants were asked if they had taken antibiotics within the last year, how they obtained the last course of antibiotics they used, and the reason for last taking antibiotics. They were asked about their knowledge of antibiotic use, whether they had received any information about not taking antibiotics unnecessarily and the source of this information, whether this information had changed their views on antibiotics and how so, and which sources would provide trustworthy information on antibiotics. Demographic and other background information includes age, gender, nationality, occupation, marital status, age when stopped full-time education, household composition, difficulties in paying bills, level in society, Internet use, type and size of locality, region of residence, and language of interview (in select countries).