Showing 1 – 6 of 6 results.
Curated
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Untangling the Web of Violence: The Network Effects of Civil Gang Injunctions, Los Angeles, California, 1998-2013 (ICPSR 37895)
Released/updated on: 2022-11-14
Geographic coverage: United States, Los Angeles, California
Time period: 1998-01-26--2013-12-26
This study examined the structural evolution of street gang violence as it corresponds to the use of civil gang injunctions (CGIs) in the City of Los Angeles, 1998-2013. CGIs impose significant behavioral restrictions on individuals (i.e., setting curfews and restricting social activity) to reduce social interactions that may lead to conflict. Yet, despite their widespread use, little is known about what effects CGIs may have on the pattern of conflict relations within the local neighborhood of specific gangs and at the network level for a community of gangs.
Curated
Soft Power in Asia Survey, 2008 (ICPSR 25342)
Released/updated on: 2010-04-05
Geographic coverage: South Korea, United States, Asia, Japan, China (Peoples Republic), Global, Indonesia, Vietnam (Socialist Republic)
Time period: 2008-01-16--2008-03-08
This multicountry public opinion survey, conducted by the Chicago Council on Global Affairs in collaboration with the East Asia Institute (South Korea), examines the current and potential use of soft power in East Asia. This survey aimed to refine the concept of soft power, operationalize it into a measurable scientific variable, and contribute to the building of a database on soft power in Asia. For this survey, respondents were asked to examine topics such as the attractiveness of different national cultures and values, the effectiveness of nations as regional leaders and problem-solvers, the affinity of nations as trade partners, levels of human capital, attractiveness of educational institutions, and the emergence of regional identities. Participants also gave their opinions about the growing economic and political integration in East Asia and the impact this has on underlying regional tensions, including how likely there would be a military conflict in East Asia in the next ten years. Similarly, respondents answered queries regarding the economic, military, and political influence of China, Japan, and the United States in Southeast Asia, China and the United States as military threats to each other, China's rise as a leader in Asia, and the military presence of the United States in Asia. Further questions asked about the creation of a free trade area in China, Japan and South Korea, trade and investment among these nations, preferred economic systems, countries' willingness to promote democracy and human rights internationally, the use of diplomacy, and the respect for rule of law and sovereignty of other nations. Finally, participants gave their views on the leadership of international organizations, and the influence of one country's popular culture on another.
Curated
International Conflict Episodes, 1945-1979 (ICPSR 8303)
Released/updated on: 2006-01-18
Geographic coverage: Global
Time period: 1945-01-01--1979-12-31
The dynamics of international conflict events are outlined in this collection, with a focus on sequences of events and the roles played by conflict management agents. Each conflict episode is divided into a number of phases--each designating a level of conflict--with a separate record for each phase of each case. The possible levels of conflict range from a quarrel or disagreement claimed by one party to be of international significance (phase 1: dispute) to military action (phase 3: hostilities) to a resolution of the conflict (phase 6: settlement). Also emphasized are referrals by conflict actors, i.e., initiatives to bring a case to the attention of a potential conflict manager. The collection is divided into five datasets: (1) a case overview, providing for each case such data as the number of phases and referrals, the presence of management agents, and probable outcome had there been no manager, (2) phase-specific information, including for each phase data on dates, interests at stake, actions taken, alliances, and extent of damages, (3) referral data, including agents involved and support for or opposition to each initiative, (4) data on conflict management agents, detailing the identity, degree of bias, and primary role of each agent, and (5) management agent actions, listing the types of action taken by each agent.
Curated
CBS News/New York Times Persian Gulf War Polls, January-February 1991 (ICPSR 9619)
Released/updated on: 2006-01-12
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1991-01-11--1991-02-25
This series of interviews tracks public opinion regarding the Persian Gulf War from the period immediately prior to the initiation of bombing in January 1991 to the ensuing ground combat in February. In addition to monitoring the evolving war, these data also provide an ongoing evaluation of the Bush presidency during that time period. Part 1 (January 5-7) examines sending troops to Saudi Arabia vs. staying out, the likelihood of war, Bush's efforts to find diplomatic solutions, negotiating with Saddam Hussein vs. forcing Iraq to leave Kuwait, the possibility of terrorist attacks in the United States, how closely the respondent followed the news of the Persian Gulf situation, military action against Iraq vs. waiting for sanctions to work, requiring a congressional declaration of war, Congress voting on a declaration of war before or after the January 15 deadline for Iraq's withdrawal, the January 9 meeting between Secretary of State James Baker and Iraq's foreign minister, attempting to meet with Hussein before January 15, and what might happen in the Persian Gulf in the event of war or otherwise. Part 2 (January 11-13) poses questions identical to Part 1 and addresses new issues, including whether Bush had already decided prior to the January 15 deadline to send troops into battle, whether a Kuwaiti offer to trade part of its territory in exchange for Iraq's withdrawal would be an acceptable resolution to the crisis, whether congressional authorization of the use of force would increase the likelihood of war, how congressmen should vote concerning the authorization of force, what Bush should do if only one house of Congress votes in favor of the use of force, whether the failure of the meeting between Secretary Baker and Iraq's foreign minister on January 9 made war more likely, and more questions related to what might happen in the Persian Gulf in the event of war or otherwise. Part 3 (January 5-7, 17 Panel) replicates both Part 1, the January 5-7 survey, and Part 5, the January 17 survey. It also examines new issues, including whether the United States did the right thing in initiating military action against Iraq, whether the war would last weeks or months, the number of expected American casualties in the war, whether the United States should remove Saddam Hussein from power in addition to driving Iraqi troops out of Kuwait, bombing military targets in heavily populated civilian areas vs. targets not in heavily populated areas, impressions of how the war was proceeding for the United States, how the respondent first heard about the war, perceptions of the main reason why United States forces were fighting in the Persian Gulf, and the reliability of Israel as an ally of the United States. Part 4 (January 17-20 Combined) replicates questions from Part 3, the January 17 survey, and probes new areas, including whether the war to defeat Iraq would be worth the cost in human life and financial resources, whether news that the war had begun made the respondent feel more worried or relieved, whether members of Congress who voted against the use of military force were viewed more/less favorably, FBI interviews of Arab-American business/community leaders, Arab-American sympathy for Iraq, Israeli retaliation for future Iraqi missile attacks, opposition to the war via protest marches/rallies and their effect on the war effort, military/economic aid to Israel, whether the United States military was holding back information about the war, if following the war news had affected the respondent's schedule, and whether the United States was correct to enter the Vietnam War. Questions unique to Part 5 (January 17) include whether the respondent felt proud about the United States' actions in the Persian Gulf, and whether getting Saddam Hussein out of Kuwait or the outcome of the struggle for freedom in the Soviet Union was of more importance to the United States. Questions unique to Part 6 (January 18) include whether Israel should retaliate for future Iraqi missile attacks. Part 7 (January 19) repeats questions from Part 6. Questions asked in Part 8 (January 20) include whether military/economic aid to Israel should be increased. Questions unique to Part 9 (February 12-13) consider whether Iraqi troops could be forced out of Kuwait by continued bombing or if a ground war would be necessary, the timing of the start of a ground war, whether a ground war would be worth the loss of thousands of American troops, the targeting of civilian as well as military locations for bombing, Israel's involvement in the war, continuing to fight until Hussein was removed from power vs. ending the war when Iraqi troops left Kuwait, whether removing Hussein from power would be worth the cost of thousands of American troops, effects of the war on the respondent, the timing of negotiations to end the war, the United States' inflicting excessive damage on Iraq, paying the cost of rebuilding Iraq after the war, the effect of the war on government's ability to function in other areas, and satisfaction with the accuracy and quantity of war-related information. Questions unique to Part 10 (February 24) involve whether the United States was correct to begin the ground war, the anticipated length of the ground war, whether Bush tried hard enough to reach a diplomatic solution before beginning the ground war, whether the United States and Iraq were close to a negotiated settlement before the ground war began, and opinions of Mikhail Gorbachev and his motives in trying to negotiate an end to the war. Questions unique to Part 11 (February 25) examine whether the United States should set up a new government in Iraq if Saddam Hussein was removed from power, whether United States troops should remain in the Gulf after the war to insure stability in the region, the extent to which the people of Iraq were to blame for allowing Saddam Hussein to remain in power, and whether the United States should allow the Kuwaiti royal family to return to its position leading Kuwait after the war.
Curated
Nations in Conflict: Data on National Growth and International Violence for Six European Major Powers, 1870-1914 (ICPSR 7425)
Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Geographic coverage: Great Britain, Austria, Hungary, Europe, Italy, France, Germany, Global, Russia
Time period: 1870-01-01--1914-12-31
This study includes data collected to investigate the dynamics of conflict and warfare and the role played by national growth and expansion in these processes. Annual aggregate data were compiled for the period 1870-1914 on Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Russia, and Austria-Hungary in eight categories: national size, colonial size, economic and productivity profile, commercial activity, government budget, alliances, violence, and conflicts of interest. Data in the first six categories were gathered from yearbooks and other historical sources. One of the alliance measures, adversary relationship, is a dummy variable indicating if a state was aligned or not. Variables in the last two categories are derived by subjective scaling procedures. The data are structured around individual years as units of analysis.
Curated
Transactional Data Bank of International Conflict and Amity Events (ICPSR 5210)
Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Geographic coverage: Cyprus, Cambodia, Sudan, Malaysia, Paraguay, Portugal, Iceland, Global, Syria, North Korea, Greece, South Korea, Austria, El Salvador, Morocco, Iran, Luxembourg, Panama, Brazil, Guatemala, Iraq, Chile, Laos, Ecuador, Colombia, Argentina, Hungary, Japan, Ghana, India, New Zealand, Canada, Turkey, Belgium, Finland, Italy, Honduras, Peru, Germany, Ethiopia, Haiti, Afghanistan, United States, Egypt, China (Peoples Republic), Thailand, Bolivia, Libya, Costa Rica, Saudi Arabia, Netherlands, Sweden, Pakistan, Ireland, Poland, France, Jordan, Tunisia, Romania, Uruguay, Sri Lanka, Philippines, United Kingdom, Burma, Switzerland, Spain, Lebanon, Liberia, Cuba, Venezuela, Nicaragua, Norway, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Israel, Australia, Soviet Union, Indonesia
Time period: 1954-01-01--1961-12-31
This study contains data on about 7,025 conflictual and friendly events between 84 countries and 40 international organizations in the period 1954-1961. Data are provided for hostile transactional events, ranging from protests, accusations, and recall of officials to quasi-military actions, troop mobilizations, and war, and for amity events, ranging from offers to negotiate and confer to exchanges, agreements, and alliances. Events are qualified in 19 categories, including date, initiator, target, location, nature and intensity of event or tension, presence of violence, duration, number involved, killed, injured, or arrested, amount of military and civilian property damage, monetary exchange, politically significant persons involved in the event, and third parties involved in the event. The direction of the event and its retaliatory or nonretaliatory character are also included. A summary scale was developed by the investigators to measure the intensity levels of both hostile and friendly behaviors characterizing the event.