Search results

Search tips
Showing 1 – 25 of 25 results.
Self-published

Annual U.S. Population by Federal Reserve Districts (ICPSR 192904)

Released/updated on: 2024-02-01
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1890-01-01--1950-12-31
The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 created the Reserve Bank Organizing Committee which divided the counties of the United States into twelve Federal Reserve Districts each with its own Federal Reserve Bank. The size and vitality of these districts varied. Some were densely populated with substantial urban areas and large industries. Others were sparsely populated and largely rural with the preponderance of the population working in agriculture. Some grew rapidly. Others grew slowly. To help understand the Fed’s role in the evolution of the U.S. economy, we construct a dataset with estimated annual population in each Fed district from 1890 to 1950.
Self-published

Calomiris_Jaremski - Replication File For "Why Join the Fed" (ICPSR 151661)

Released/updated on: 2021-10-05
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1910-01-01--1920-12-31
This file contains the data and programs required to reproduce the tables of "Why Join the Fed" by Charles Calomiris and Matthew Jaremski.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs

CBS News Poll, July 2013 (ICPSR 36058)

Released/updated on: 2015-10-16
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2013-07-18--2013-07-22
This poll, fielded in July 2013, is a part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on a range of political and social issues. Respondents were asked how well Barack Obama was handling the presidency, the economy, foreign policy, the threat of terrorism, and immigration. Opinions were collected on how well Congressional Republicans and Democrats were performing their job and the degree of gridlock in Washington. Respondents were asked to gauge the condition of the housing, stock, and job markets as well as the economy. This survey also asked respondents to provide the most important issue on which Congress should concentrate. Respondents were asked their level of confidence in the Federal Reserve and in Congress. It also asked about respondent opinions of health care reform, phone tapping, the federal budget sequester, immigration reform, abortion, and same-sex marriage. Demographic information include sex, age, race, marital status, education level, household income, religious preference, type of residential area (e.g., urban or rural), political party affiliation, political philosophy, voter-registration status, and whether respondents think of themselves as born-again Christians.
Curated

The Fed, Liquidity, and Credit Allocation (ICPSR 24563)

Released/updated on: 2013-06-14
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1995-01-01--2008-11-30
The current financial turmoil has generated considerable discussion of liquidity. Moreover, it has been widely reported that the Federal Reserve played a major role in supplying liquidity to financial markets during this distressed time. This article describes two ways in which the Fed has supplied liquidity since late 2007. The first is traditional: The Fed supplies liquidity by providing credit through open market operations and by lending to depository institutions at the so-called discount window. The second is by enhancing the liquidity of portfolios of some institutions by replacing their less-liquid assets with more-liquid assets. The Fed has used the second approach since late 2007. Unlike several previous occasions, however, it began supplying liquidity in the first, more traditional way only recently in September 2008. This article notes that the Fed departed from its long-standing tradition of minimizing its effect on the allocation of credit by supplying liquidity to institutions that it believed to be most in need, at the same time, it neutralized the effects of these actions on the total supply of liquidity in the financial market. The article also discusses the Fed's reasons for reallocating credit this time rather than simply increasing the total supply of financial market liquidity.
Curated

CBS News/60 Minutes/Vanity Fair National Poll, May #2, 2011 (ICPSR 33964)

Released/updated on: 2012-06-18
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2011-05-01--2011-05-31
This survey, fielded May 20-23, 2011, is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicits public opinion on a range of political and social issues. Respondents were asked for their opinions of political figures President Barack Obama, First Lady Michelle Obama, Tim Pawlenty, Newt Gingrich, Sarah Palin, and former President George W. Bush. Respondents were asked if they felt the country was going in the right direction, how President Obama and Congress were handling their jobs, and how things were going in Washington. Opinions were sought about how much influence various groups such as large corporations, labor unions, Planned Parenthood, the National Rifle Association, and special interest groups had on the government, who benefits most from the policies of the federal government, whether Congress serves special interest groups, and whether the salaries and benefits of the members of Congress are too high. Further questions addressed whether a political candidate's marital status mattered when deciding who to vote for, and whether more investigations were necessary into the bankers and members of high finance that played a role in the economic crash of 2008. Respondents were also asked which issues they were most angry about including federal policies, the political parties, and religious issues. Additional topics include plans for travelling over the summer, whether respondents thought being a father was more difficult now than when they were a child, whether they flew an American flag on holidays such as the Fourth of July or Flag Day, ATM fees, hypothetical scenarios, and whether they had ever looked up a map of registered sex offenders. Respondents were also asked about the condition of the national economy, their household financial situation, whether they had a close family member or friend or knew anyone who died in the September 11, 2001 attacks, and if they supported the Tea Party movement. Demographic information included sex, age, race, education level, household income, employment status, marital status, whether the respondent had children, religious preference, type of residential area (e.g., urban or rural), and state of residence, type of phone(s), number of phones, political party affiliation, political philosophy, voting behavior, and whether the respondent is a born-again Christian.
Curated

CBS News/New York Times Monthly Poll #1, April 2010 (ICPSR 31569)

Released/updated on: 2011-08-05
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2010-04-01--2010-04-30
This poll, fielded April 5-12, 2010, is a part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicits public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Respondents were asked whether they approved of the way that Barack Obama was handling his job as president, the economy, health care, and the federal budget deficit, what they liked best and least about Obama, whether they thought things in the country were going in the right direction, and what they thought was the most important problem facing the country. Information was collected on whether respondents approved or disapproved of the way Congress was handling its job, whether they approved or disapproved of the way their representative in Congress was handling their job, whether they had a favorable or unfavorable opinion of President Obama, how respondents would rate the national economy, and who they thought was mostly to blame for the state of the national economy. Respondents were queried on whether they thought that the government's stimulus package made the economy better or worse, whether they thought that the country needed a third political party, whether they would rather have a smaller government with fewer services or a bigger government providing more services, how they felt things were going in Washington, DC, whether they thought the federal government should spend money to create jobs even if it means increasing the budget deficit, and whether they would rather reduce the federal budget deficit or cut taxes. Respondents were also asked who they thought was to blame for the current federal budget deficit, whether they thought providing government money to banks and other financial institutions was necessary to get the economy out of a recession, whether they had a favorable or unfavorable opinion of the Republican Party, the Democratic Party, John McCain, George Bush, Ron Paul, Glen Beck, and Sarah Palin. Information was collected on what political figure the respondents admired most, whether they thought Sarah Palin would have the ability to be an effective president, whether they thought President Obama understands the need and problems of people like themselves, whether respondents thought he was more of a liberal, a moderate, or a conservative, whether they thought his policies were moving the country more towards socialism, whether they thought he favored a particular race over another, and whether they thought the Obama Administration had raised or lowered taxes for most Americans. Respondents were asked whether they thought that the federal government should require nearly all Americans to have health insurance, whether they thought it would be a good idea to raise income taxes on households that make more than $250,000 a year in order to help provide health insurance for people who do not already have it, whether they approved or disapproved of requiring health insurance companies to cover anyone who applies regardless of whether they have an existing medical condition, and whether they thought that the programs such as Social Security and Medicare are worth the cost of those programs for taxpayers. Respondents were queried on whether they thought legal immigration into the United States should be kept at its presents level, increased, or decreased, how serious a problem they thought illegal immigration was, whether they thought that global warming was causing a serious environmental problem, whether they thought gay couples should be allowed to marry, whether they thought abortion should be legal, whether they thought gun control law should be made more strict, what socialism means to them, and whether they thought it was ever justified for citizens to take violent action against the government. Respondents were also asked a number of questions about the Tea Party movement, including how much have they heard about it, whether they had a favorable opinion of it, whether they supported it, and whether they thought the Tea Party movement generally reflected the views of most Americans. Finally, respondents were asked if they were ever active in a political campaign, whether they purchased gold bars or coins in the past year, what political party they usually vote for, what news network they watched most, how concerned were they that they or someone in their household would lose their job in the next year, whether they ever felt at risk of falling out of their social class, how they would rate their financial situation, whether the recession affected their family, whether they owned a firearm, whether they were covered by Medicare, and whether they receive Social Security retirement benefits. Demographic information includes sex, age, race, marital status, education level, household income, religious preference, type of residential area (e.g., urban or rural), political party affiliation, political philosophy, voter registration status, and whether respondents thought of themselves as born again Christians.
Curated

More Money: Understanding Recent Changes in the Monetary Base (ICPSR 25061)

Released/updated on: 2009-03-11
Geographic coverage: United States
The financial crisis that began in the summer of 2007 took a turn for the worse in September 2008. Until then, Federal Reserve actions taken to improve the functioning financial markets did not affect the monetary base. The unusual lending and purchase of private debt was offset by the sale of United States Treasury securities so that the total size of the balance sheet of the Federal Reserve remained relatively unchanged. In September, however, the Federal Reserve stopped selling securities as it made massive purchases of private debt and issued hundreds of billions of dollars in short-term loans. The result was a doubling of the size of the monetary base in the final four months of 2008. This article discusses the details of the programs that the Federal Reserve has initiated since the crisis began, shows which programs have grown as the monetary base grew, and discusses some factors that will determine whether this rapid increase in the monetary base will lead to rapid inflation.
Curated

Three Funerals and a Wedding (ICPSR 24543)

Released/updated on: 2009-01-26
Geographic coverage: United States
This article is a modified and updated version of a speech presented at the Regional Economic Summit, Evansville, Indiana, November 20, 2008.
Curated

Open Market Operations and the Federal Funds Rate (ICPSR 21303)

Released/updated on: 2007-11-08
Geographic coverage: United States
It is commonly believed that the Fed's ability to control the federal funds rate stems from its ability to alter the supply of liquidity in the overnight market through open market operations. This paper uses daily data compiled by the author from the records of the Trading Desk of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York over the period March 1, 1984, through December 31, 1996. The author analyzes the Desk's use of its operating procedure in implementing monetary policy and the extent to which open market operations affect the federal funds rate-- the liquidity effect. The author finds that the operating procedure was used to guide daily open market operations. However, there is little evidence of a liquidity effect at the daily frequency and even less evidence at lower frequencies. Consistent with the absence of a liquidity effect, open market operations appear to be a relatively unimportant source of liquidity to the federal funds market.
Curated

Understanding the Fed (ICPSR 1340)

Released/updated on: 2007-03-16
Geographic coverage: United States
This article was originally presented as a speech at the Dyer County Chamber of Commerce Annual Membership Luncheon, Dyersburg, Tennessee, August 31, 2006.
Curated

What Does the Federal Reserve's Economic Value Model Tell Us About Interest Rate Risk at United States Community Banks? (ICPSR 1309)

Released/updated on: 2005-03-15
Geographic coverage: United States
The savings and loan crisis of the 1980s revealed the vulnerability of some depository institutions to changes in interest rates. Since that episode, United States bank supervisors have placed more emphasis on monitoring the interest rate risk of commercial banks. Economists at the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System developed a duration-based economic value model (EVM) designed to estimate the interest rate sensitivity of banks. The authors test whether measures derived from the Federal Reserve's EVM are correlated with the interest rate sensitivity of United States community banks. The answer to this question is important because bank supervisors rely on EVM measures for monitoring and risk-scoping bank-level interest rate sensitivity. The authors find that the Federal Reserve's EVM is indeed correlated with banks' interest rate sensitivity and conclude that supervisors can rely on this tool to help assess a bank's interest rate risk. These results are consistent with prior research that finds the average interest rate risk at banks to be modest, although the potential interaction between interest rate risk and other risk factors is not considered here.
Curated

The Federal Reserve Responds to Crises: September 11th Was Not the First (ICPSR 1299)

Released/updated on: 2004-08-12
Geographic coverage: United States
A primary purpose of the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 was to prevent banking panics by establishing the Federal Reserve System to function as a lender of last resort. Other types of financial crisis require a similar response, however, and the Federal Reserve has repeatedly used its capacity to generate liquidity to insulate the economy from crises in financial markets. The Fed's response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, is the most recent example of this. This paper reviews the Fed's responses to crises and potential crises in financial markets: the stock market crash of 1987, the Russian default, and the September 11th attacks.
Curated

Reconstruction of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Adjusted Monetary Base and Reserves (ICPSR 1293)

Released/updated on: 2003-10-09
Geographic coverage: United States
This article summarizes a reconstruction of the adjusted monetary base and adjusted bank reserves of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. The revised figures, based on as much original source data as feasible, include changes to both the monetary (source) base and reserve requirement magnitude (RAM). The revised figures include the new measure or RAM developed by Anderson and Rasche (2001) that interprets the operation of retail-deposit sweep programs by United States banks, beginning in 1994, as economically equivalent to a reduction in statutory reserve requirements. The authors also present new seasonal adjustment factors that incorporate adjustments for the Y2K-related surge in the monetary base and reserves.
Curated

FOMC Forecasts: Is All the Information in the Central Tendency? (ICPSR 1287)

Released/updated on: 2003-06-25
Geographic coverage: United States
Federal Reserve policymakers began reporting their economic forecasts to Congress in 1979. These forecasts are important because they indicate what the Federal Open Market Committee members think will be the likely consequence of their policies. The Fed reports both the range (high and low) of the individual policymakers' forecasts and a truncated central tendency. The central tendency range omits outliers from both the top and the bottom of the full range. The author of this article finds, generally, that the forecasts derived from the full range are at least as good as those derived from the central tendency and, in a few cases, significantly better.
Curated

A Look Inside Two Central Banks: The European System of Central Banks and the Federal Reserve System (ICPSR 1278)

Released/updated on: 2003-06-05
Geographic coverage: United States, Europe, Global
In 1998 the European Central Bank (ECB) became the world's 173rd central bank. The Eurosystem, with its structure of national central banks and the ECB, is similar to the Federal Reserve System, with its District Banks and Board of Governors. However, important differences exist in the way the two systems operate. This article compares the organization and tasks of the two central banks by examining differences in their monetary policy frameworks, specifically focusing on the goals, tools, and policymaking process. In addition it examines the independence, accountability, and transparency of these central banks.
Curated

Nominal Facts and the October 1979 Policy Change (ICPSR 1233)

Released/updated on: 2001-04-02
Geographic coverage: United States
Researchers depend on observed regularities in macroeconomic data to guide the development of theory. One problem in developing monetary models of the business cycle is that there seems to be a great deal of instability in nominal data. Using data from 1959:Q1 to 1998:Q4, the authors document changes in the cyclical behavior of nominal data series that appear after 1979:Q3, when the Federal Reserve implemented a policy to end the acceleration of inflation. Such changes in cyclical behavior were not apparent in real variables. The authors conclude that in order to find regularities in nominal datasets, it may be necessary to examine and compare episodes with similar monetary policy regimes.
Curated

Tests of the Market's Reaction to Federal Funds Rate Target Changes (ICPSR 1196)

Released/updated on: 1999-04-30
Geographic coverage: United States
This research tests several hypotheses about the market's reactions to changes in the Federal Reserve's federal funds rate target and finds that short-term rates and long-term rates responded differently to funds rate target changes when target changes were accompanied by a change in the discount rate. It is shown that the smaller response of long-term rates (in these instances) is due to the market's revising its inflation outlook when the target is changed. No evidence that the size of the market's response varies with the size of the target changes is found, but the response to target changes is somewhat larger when the target change is the first change in a new direction. It should be noted that some of the results are based on a very small number of target changes.
Curated

Using Federal Funds Futures Rates to Predict Federal Reserve Actions (ICPSR 1180)

Released/updated on: 1998-10-06
Geographic coverage: United States
The federal funds futures rate naturally embodies the market's expectation of the average behavior of the federal funds rate. This research points out that analysts cannot attempt to identify federal policy from the behavior of the federal funds futures rate without making somewhat arbitrary additional assumptions. Also studied is the predictive accuracy of a rule based on the federal funds futures rate from October 1988 through August 1997 using an assumption that is sufficient for partially identifying when the market is expecting a federal action but not for predicting the magnitude of the action. The forecasting rule correctly predicts a target change at the one-month horizon only about one-third of the time. The conclusion is that more research is needed, especially in light of the Federal Open Market Commission's (FOMC) recent practice of disclosing policy decisions immediately after FOMC meetings.
Curated

FOMC in 1993 and 1994: Monetary Policy in Transition (ICPSR 1147)

Released/updated on: 1998-08-27
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1993-01-01--1993-12-31, 1994-01-01--1994-12-31
The data collection contains data on the actions of the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC), the Federal Reserve's primary policymaking body, over the last two years.
Curated

Central Bank Independence and Economic Performance (ICPSR 1064)

Released/updated on: 1996-01-03
Geographic coverage: United States
These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired.
Curated

Can the Central Bank Achieve Price Stability? (ICPSR 1085)

Released/updated on: 1996-01-03
Geographic coverage: United States
These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired.
Back to top