Showing 1 – 19 of 19 results.
Curated
The 1915 Iowa State Census Project (ICPSR 28501)
Released/updated on: 2010-12-14
Geographic coverage: Iowa, United States
The 1915 Iowa State Census is a unique document. It was the first census in the United States to include information on education and income prior to the United States Federal Census of 1940. It contains considerable detail on other aspects of individuals and households, e.g., religion, wealth and years in the United States and Iowa. The Iowa State Census of 1915 was a complete sample of the residents of the state and the returns were written by census takers (assessors) on index cards. These cards were kept in the Iowa State Archives in Des Moines and were microfilmed in 1986 by the Genealogical Society of Salt Lake City. The census cards were sorted by county, although large cities (those having more than 25,000 residents) were grouped separately. Within each county or large city, records were alphabetized by last name and within last name by first name. This data set includes individual-level records for three of the largest Iowa cities (Des Moines, Dubuque, and Davenport; the Sioux City films were unreadable) and for ten counties that did not contain a large city. (Additional details on sample selection are available in the documentation). Variables include name, age, place of residence, earnings, education, birthplace, religion, marital status, race, occupation, military service, among others. Data on familial ties between records are also included.
Curated
Birthweight Data From the Philadelphia Almshouse Hospital, 1848-1873 (ICPSR 20701)
Released/updated on: 2008-01-03
Geographic coverage: United States, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Time period: 1848-01-01--1873-01-01
This collection contains individual-level data on mid-Nineteenth Century births at the Philadelphia Almshouse Hospital, an institution for the poor and their offspring. Variables in the dataset include age, marital status, place of birth, parity (number of previous children), type of birth, position (1,2,3,4) of birth, day of birth, commencement of labor, hour of delivery, times of stages of labor, sex of infant, total length of infant, body length of infant, birth weight, length of gestation, and total duration of labor.
Self-published
Career Plans and Experiences of June 1961, College Graduates: Stata Data (ICPSR 183306)
Released/updated on: 2022-12-02
These files are designed to increase the accessibility of the "Career Plans and Experiences of June 1961, College Graduates" data. The raw data can be downloaded from ICPSR dataset 7344. These files provide dictionary files and STATA.do files to turn the original ASCII files into .dta files that can be analyzed using Stata. Included in this folder are the original ASCII files, the dictionary files, the Stata .do files to apply these labels, and the resulting Stata .dta files.
For further details on these data and an illustration of their application, see: Goldin, (2021). "Career and Family: Women's Century-Long Journey Towards Equity", Princeton University Press.
Self-published
Data and Code for: Extending the Race between Education and Technology (ICPSR 120694)
Released/updated on: 2024-11-14
The race between education and technology provides a canonical framework that does an excellent job of explaining US wage structure changes across the twentieth century. The framework involves secular increases in the demand for more-educated workers from skill-biased technological change, combined with variations in the supply of skills from changes in educational access. We expand the analysis backwards and forwards. The framework helps explain rising skill differentials in the nineteenth and twenty-first centuries, but needs to be augmented to illuminate the recent convexification of education returns and implied slowdown in the growth of the relative demand for college workers. Increased educational wage differentials explain 75 percent of the rise of U.S. wage inequality from 1980 to 2000 as compared to 38 percent for 2000 to 2017.
Self-published
Data and Code for: Seeking the “Missing Women” of Economics with the Undergraduate Women in Economics Challenge (ICPSR 201186)
Released/updated on: 2024-08-12
Time period: 1984-01-01--2021-01-01, 2001-01-01--2021-01-01
Economics is among the most popular undergraduate majors, especially in top colleges and universities. However, even at the best research universities and liberal arts colleges men outnumber women by two to one, and overall there are about 2.5 males to every female economics major. We discuss why women major in economics less than men and describe a project to increase the number of female economics majors. The Undergraduate Women in Economics (UWE) Challenge was a randomized controlled trial, with 20 treatment and 68 control schools, that we ran for one year in AY 2015-16 to evaluate the impact of light-touch interventions to recruit and retain female economics majors. Treatment schools received funding, guidance, and access to networking with other treatment schools to implement programs such as providing better information to incoming students about the application of economics, exposing students to role models, providing mentoring, and updating course content and pedagogy. Using 2001-2021 data from the NCES-Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) on graduating undergraduates (BAs), we find that UWE was effective in increasing the fraction of female BAs who majored in economics relative to men in liberal arts colleges. Large universities did not show an impact of the treatment, although those that implemented their own RCTs showed moderate success in encouraging more women to major in economics. We discuss what we believe worked in the UWE program and speculate on the reasons for differential treatment impact.
Self-published
Mobilizing the Manpower of Mothers: Childcare under the Lanham Act during WWII (ICPSR 215082)
Released/updated on: 2025-01-09
The Lanham Act was a federal infrastructure bill passed by Congress in 1940 and eventually used to fund programs for the preschool and school-aged children of working women during WWII. It remains, to this day, the only example in US history of an (almost) universal, largely federally supported childcare program. We explore its role in enabling and increasing the labor supply of mothers during WWII using information on the program, war contracts, and employment at the city level. Use of Lanham Act funds for a wartime childcare program was initially controversial. However, the program was eventually well funded per child in average daily attendance and provided generally high-quality care. But it was late to start, limited in scope, and incapable of greatly increasing women’s employment in the aggregate. Childcare facilities were funded more in places that already had higher participation rates of mothers suggesting that facilities were effective in caring for the children but did not greatly increase the employment of mothers. Their impact on the children served is still to be determined.
Self-published
Replication data for: A Grand Gender Convergence: Its Last Chapter (ICPSR 112751)
Released/updated on: 2019-10-11
The converging roles of men and women are among the grandest
advances in society and the economy in the last century. These
aspects of the grand gender convergence are figurative chapters in
a history of gender roles. But what must the "last" chapter contain
for there to be equality in the labor market? The answer may come
as a surprise. The solution does not (necessarily) have to involve
government intervention and it need not make men more responsible
in the home (although that wouldn't hurt). But it must involve
changes in the labor market, especially how jobs are structured and
remunerated to enhance temporal flexibility. The gender gap in pay
would be considerably reduced and might vanish altogether if firms
did not have an incentive to disproportionately reward individuals
who labored long hours and worked particular hours. Such change
has taken off in various sectors, such as technology, science, and
health, but is less apparent in the corporate, financial, and legal
worlds.
Self-published
Replication data for: Can Online Learning Bend the Higher Education Cost Curve? (ICPSR 113368)
Released/updated on: 2019-10-12
We examine whether online learning technologies have led to lower prices in higher education. Using data from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, we show that online education is concentrated in large for-profit chains and less-selective public institutions. We find that colleges with a higher share of online students charge lower tuition prices. We present evidence of declining real and relative prices for full-time undergraduate online education from 2006 to 2013. Although the pattern of results suggests some hope that online technology can "bend the cost curve" in higher education, the impact of online learning on education quality remains uncertain.
Self-published
Replication data for: Does Federal Student Aid Raise Tuition? New Evidence on For-Profit Colleges (ICPSR 114877)
Released/updated on: 2019-10-13
We provide the first comprehensive estimates of the size of the for-profit higher education sector and evaluate whether for-profits increase tuition in response to federal subsidies. By using state administrative data we include institutions that do not participate in federal student aid programs and are missed in official counts. Including these institutions doubles the number of for-profits and increases students by one-third compared with official counts. Aid-eligible institutions charge tuition for sub-baccalaureate (mainly certificate) programs that is about 78 percent higher than that charged by comparable programs in nonparticipating institutions, lending some credence to the "Bennett hypothesis" of federal aid capture.
Self-published
Replication data for: Dynamics of the Gender Gap for Young Professionals in the Financial and Corporate Sectors (ICPSR 113756)
Released/updated on: 2019-10-12
The careers of MBAs from a top US business school are studied to understand how career dynamics differ by gender. Although male and female MBAs have nearly identical earnings at the outset of their careers, their earnings soon diverge, with the male earnings advantage reaching almost 60 log points a decade after MBA completion. Three proximate factors account for the large and rising gender gap in earnings: differences in training prior to MBA graduation, differences in career interruptions, and differences in weekly hours. The
greater career discontinuity and shorter work hours for female MBAs
are largely associated with motherhood. (JEL J16, J22, J31, J44)
Self-published
Replication data for: Shocking Labor Supply: A Reassessment of the Role of World War II on Women's Labor Supply (ICPSR 112621)
Released/updated on: 2019-10-11
The most prominent feature of the female labor force across the past hundred years is its enormous growth. But many believe that the increase was discontinuous. Our purpose is to identify the short- and long-run impacts of WWII on the labor supply of women who were currently married in 1950 and 1960. Using WWII mobilization rates by state, we find a wartime impact on weeks worked and the labor force participation of married white (non-farm) women in both 1950 and 1960. The impact, moreover, was experienced almost entirely by women in the top half of the education distribution.
Self-published
Replication data for: The Expanding Gender Earnings Gap: Evidence from the LEHD-2000 Census (ICPSR 113512)
Released/updated on: 2019-10-12
The gender earnings gap is an expanding statistic over the lifecycle. We use the LEHD Census 2000 to understand the roles of industry, occupation, and establishment 14 years after leaving school. The gap for college graduates 26 to 39 years old expands by 34 log points, most occurring in the first 7 years. About 44 percent is due to disproportionate shifts by men into higher-earning positions, industries, and firms and about 56 percent to differential advances by gender within firms. Widening is greater for married individuals and for those in certain sectors. Non-college graduates experience less widening but with similar patterns.
Self-published
Replication data for: The New Life Cycle of Women's Employment: Disappearing Humps, Sagging Middles, Expanding Tops (ICPSR 113983)
Released/updated on: 2019-10-12
Time period: 1930-01-01--2010-01-01
A new life cycle of women's employment emerged with cohorts born in the 1950s. For prior cohorts, life-cycle employment had a hump shape; it increased from the twenties to the forties, hit a peak, and then declined starting in the fifties. The new life cycle of employment is initially high and flat, there is a dip in the middle, and a phasing out that is more prolonged than for previous cohorts. The hump is gone, the middle is a bit sagging, and the top has greatly expanded. We explore the increase in cumulative work experience for women from the 1930s to the 1970s birth cohorts using data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation and the Health and Retirement Study. We investigate the changing labor force impact of a birth event across cohorts and by education, and also the impact of taking leave or quitting. We find greatly increased labor force experience across cohorts, far less time out after a birth, and greater labor force recovery for those who take paid or unpaid leave. Increased employment of women in their older ages is related to more continuous work experience across the life cycle.
Self-published
Replication data for: The Value of Postsecondary Credentials in the Labor Market: An Experimental Study (ICPSR 113033)
Released/updated on: 2019-10-12
We study employers' perceptions of the value of postsecondary
degrees using a field experiment. We randomly assign the sector
and selectivity of institutions to fictitious resumes and apply to real
vacancy postings for business and health jobs on a large online job
board. We find that a business bachelor's degree from a for-profit
online institution is 22 percent less likely to receive a callback than
one from a nonselective public institution. In applications to health
jobs, we find that for-profit credentials receive fewer callbacks unless
the job requires an external quality indicator such as an occupational
license. (JEL I23, I26, J24, J44, J63, M51)
Curated
United States Southern Cities in 1870 and 1880: A Study of Individuals and Families (ICPSR 7568)
Released/updated on: 2006-01-18
Geographic coverage: Charleston (South Carolina), Savannah, United States, Atlanta, Louisiana, New Orleans, Georgia, Alabama, Virginia, Mobile, South Carolina, Norfolk
This data collection contains individual-level and family-level information collected from the 1870 and 1880 manuscript schedules of the United States Population Census for seven Southern cities: Charleston, South Carolina, Richmond, Virginia, Atlanta, Georgia, Savannah, Georgia, Mobile, Alabama, Norfolk, Virginia, and New Orleans, Louisiana. Approximately 5,000 individuals and 1,500 families are represented for each of the two census years studied. Part 1 contains data for 1870, and Part 2 contains data for 1880. The data gathered for sampled individuals include age, sex, race, marital status, presence of health defect, school attendance, ability to read, ability to write, occupational classification (female and male), nationality, and real and personal wealth (for 1870 only). Both datasets include a variable that uniquely identifies each family in the sample to facilitate the aggregation of the data for the creation of family-level data for each member, e.g., sex, race, age, marital status, school attendance, member status in the family, occupation, health, unemployment, city of residence, nationality and parents' nationality, and real and personal wealth.
Curated
Woman and Child Wage Earners, 1907 [Massachusetts, North Carolina, Chicago, and New York City] (ICPSR 20702)
Released/updated on: 2008-01-08
Geographic coverage: New York City, North Carolina, United States, Chicago, Illinois, Massachusetts, New York (state)
This data collection contains work and demographic information on immigrant and native born industrial workers and their families from Massachusetts, North Carolina, Chicago, and New York City in the cotton textile and clothing industries. Information available includes occupation, days worked, earnings, job experience, literacy, schooling, family income, amounts retained by youths, and rent paid by the family. Also in the sample is similar information on young girls and boys working in the same two industries. Other industries (silk and glass) were surveyed, but are not in this sample. Data on occupation, earnings, months schooling, literacy, years since beginning work, days worked, ethnicity, and years in the United States are included. Also available is information on the presence of the mother and father, the father's occupation, other children in the family, family income, the amount retained by working children, and rent paid.
Curated
Woman and Child Wage Earners: Adrift, 1907 [New York City and Philadelphia] (ICPSR 20700)
Released/updated on: 2008-01-03
Geographic coverage: New York City, United States, New York (state), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
This data collection contains information on women workers living apart from their families, or "adrift," in New York City and Philadelphia. It is similar in origin to the WOMAN AND CHILD WAGE EARNERS (ICPSR 20702), WOMAN AND CHILD WAGE EARNERS, MARRIED (ICPSR 20720), and WOMAN AND CHILD WAGE EARNERS, WORKING WOMEN IN NEW YORK CITY LIVING AT HOME (ICPSR 20721) data collections. Somewhat more comprehensive information exists for it than for the ICPSR 20721 sample, which is very similar in content. The data for this sample were collected for women living apart from their families of origin. Variables include: age, work experience, ethnicity, average weekly earnings, and whether the place of work was a store or manufacturing enterprise. In addition to these variables there is information on years of schooling, weekly expenditures for car fare, shelter and food, and remittances home or contributions to other relatives. It should be emphasized that the respondents were asked about their years of schooling. The education variable, therefore, is not derived but was given by the women, which is quite extraordinary for the period. Additionally, there is no information on the marital status of these women. It is presumed that they are either unmarried, widowed, or divorced (or separated) because they are all living apart from other family members.
Curated
Woman and Child Wage Earners: Married Women, 1907 [Massachusetts, North Carolina, Chicago, New York City, and Philadelphia] (ICPSR 20720)
Released/updated on: 2007-12-21
Geographic coverage: New York City, North Carolina, United States, Chicago, Illinois, Massachusetts, New York (state), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
This data collection contains information on married women workers in the cotton textiles and clothing industries in New York City, Chicago, Philadelphia, North Carolina, and Massachusetts. Approximately 15 percent of the women in the sample were working in other sectors but were included because their children worked in cotton textiles and clothing. The data include information on occupation, earnings, age, days worked, number of children, years married, rent paid, the condition of the husband (dead, away, incapacitated, or at work), the ethnicity and nativity of the husband, and whether industrial homework was performed.
Curated
Woman and Child Wage Earners: Working Women in New York City Living at Home, 1907 (ICPSR 20721)
Released/updated on: 2007-12-21
Geographic coverage: New York City, United States, New York (state)
This data collection contains information on young women who worked in factories, stores, and other enterprises in New York City and who were living at home with their parents. Information available includes industry, occupation, ethnicity, age, years of experience, weekly earnings, and weekly contribution to the family.