COVID-19 and the Experiences of Populations at Greater Risk: Wave 4 General Population, United States, 2020-2021 (ICPSR 38737)

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Date of Collection View help for Date of Collection

Data Collection Notes View help for Data Collection Notes

Study Purpose View help for Study Purpose

The purposes of this survey were:

1. To understand the experience of COVID-19, with particular focus on underserved populations, especially in terms of income and race and ethnicity

2. To examine how these populations may be thinking about COVID-19 in the context of health mindset and expectations, the role of government versus the private sector, and health equity and to explore how this thinking evolves as communities continue to experience impacts but also recover

3. To identify, over time, whether American views about health and health equity have evolved and, in short, assess whether the progress toward a Culture of Health has evolved (e.g., greater understanding of what influences health, the existence of health inequities, the willingness and action to engage civically for health).

Study Design View help for Study Design

Data were collected via the RAND American Life Panel (ALP) and the KnowledgePanel. Both are nationally representative internet panels recruited via probability-based sampling methods. Both provide computers and internet connections for respondents who do not already have them. Both panels collect demographic information about respondents separately and provide this information with each data set. Respondents in both panels are paid a modest amount for their participation. The content of the survey conducted in each panel was identical. Although there were small differences in the formatting used on the screen across the two panels (for example, the standard background colors used for the panels differ), the presentation was very similar. Both surveys were fielded from September 7 through October 4, 2021. The two survey efforts combined resulted in a final total sample of 3,588 completed surveys. All respondents from the first wave (5,164) were invited to participate in the fourth wave.

Sample View help for Sample

Respondents for the RAND American Life Panel were recruited using probability-based methods (such as Address Based Sampling and Random Digit Dialing). This survey was conducted in two parts. The first part was included in a longer and larger survey of underserved populations. In this survey researchers in the ALP oversampled respondents who were Black, Hispanic, or Asian. The ALP sample limited White individuals to those with household incomes under $125,000 but imposed no income limits on Black, Hispanic, or Asian respondents. In addition to the data described above, data were collected from respondents of higher income.

This group included panelists with incomes between $75,000 and $125,000 who were randomly not selected for the COVID-19 and the Experiences of Populations at Greater Risk Survey and all panelists with incomes over $125,000.

Time Method View help for Time Method

Universe View help for Universe

Adult population of the United States

Unit(s) of Observation View help for Unit(s) of Observation

Data Source View help for Data Source

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Mode of Data Collection View help for Mode of Data Collection

Response Rates View help for Response Rates

85.1% completion rate

Original Release Date View help for Original Release Date

2023-10-19

Version History View help for Version History

Weight View help for Weight

To make the sample representative of the selected population (or the overall population), the principal investigator used weighting, a statistical adjustment. To create weights to match the distribution of characteristics in our sample as closely as possible to that of the population from the 2019 Current Population Survey (CPS), researchers used a raking algorithm, following the methods described in Deming (1943) and Deville, Särndal, and Sautory (1993). Researchers aimed to match population proportions on interactions of gender and race and ethnicity, gender and education, and gender and age and household income interacted with household size.