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This dataset contains measures of broadband internet availability and performance per United States census tract and ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA) in 2025. The data is derived from internet service providers' reports to the Federal Communications Commission's Broadband Data Collection (BDC) program. Key variables include the number of internet service providers offering service, the proportion of housing units and land area with access to broadband, download and upload speed categories, low-latency service availability, and technology types for broadband connections.

Broadband availability measures include the proportion of housing units and land area served by any provider, as well as the number of unique providers offering service. Speed measures are categorized into multiple tiers for both download speeds (ranging from less than 10 Mbps to 2000+ Mbps) and upload speeds (ranging from 1 Mbps or less to 100+ Mbps). The dataset also includes combined download/upload speed categories, distinguishing between unserved areas (less than 25/3 Mbps), underserved areas (at least 25/3 Mbps but less than 100/20 Mbps), and served areas (at least 100/20 Mbps). Technology type measures identify the proportion of housing units and land area served by different broadband technologies, including fiber to premises, coaxial cable, copper wire, fixed wireless, and satellite.

This dataset contains measures of the number and density of businesses and their employees deemed essential in the first year (2020) of the COVID-19 pandemic by the US Department of Homeland Security’s Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) in versions 3.0 (April 17, 2020) and 4.0 (August 18, 2020) of their advisory guidance on the essential critical infrastructure workforce. Measures are provided for 2020 per United States Census Tract or ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA). This 2020 dataset includes four separate files for four different geographic areas (GIS shapefiles from the United States Census Bureau). The four geographies include:

• Census Tract 2010
• Census Tract 2020
• ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA) 2010
• ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA) 2020

Information about which dataset to use can be found in the Usage Notes section of the data documentation.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, certain occupations and industries were deemed "essential", and typically included individuals who worked in healthcare, food service, public transportation, etc. However, early on in the pandemic, while these workers faced disproportionately higher risks, they often did not receive adequate personal protective equipment (PPE), were unable to work from home, and were limited in their ability to take other precautions to safeguard their health (Chen et al., 2021). As a result, previous studies have documented higher rates of infection, hospitalization, and death among essential workers compared to their non-essential worker counterparts (Selden & Berdahl, 2021; Wei et al., 2022). This dataset provides users with information on the number and proportion of essential workers in census tracts or ZIP Code tabulation areas (ZCTAs) in the United States over the 2016-2020 period.

This dataset contains measures of essential workers at the census tract and ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA) levels in the United States for the years 2018-2022. The unit of analysis is geographic areas defined by Census Tract 2020 and ZCTA 2020 boundaries. Variables include total counts of essential workers and the proportion of essential workers within the civilian employed population aged 16 and older in each tract and ZCTA. The data are based on American Community Survey (ACS) five-year estimates for 2019-2023 and use essential worker designations from the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) classification aligned with Standard Occupational Classification codes.

This dataset contains measures of the number and density of hospitals per United States Census Tract or ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA) in 2023. The dataset includes four separate files for four different geographic areas (GIS shapefiles from the United States Census Bureau). The four geographies include:

The dataset includes measures of the number and density of libraries per United States Census Tract or ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA) from 1992 to 2021. It comprises four separate files for four different geographic areas (GIS shapefiles from the United States Census Bureau) - Census Tract 2010, Census Tract 2020, ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA) 2010, and ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA) 2020.

This dataset measures the number and area of parks in each U.S. census tract and ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA), as well as the spatial proximity of parks to two types of EPA-designated polluting sites: Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) facilities and Superfund sites. Park measures are derived from the 2024 ParkServe database (Trust for Public Land); polluting site measures use 2023 TRI data and 2024 Superfund Site data, with proximity calculated within park boundaries and at 0.5-, 1-, and 2-mile buffers. Geographic boundaries are drawn from the U.S. Census Bureau's 2020 TIGER/Line shapefiles.

These datasets contain measures of socioeconomic and demographic characteristics by U.S. census tract for the years 1990-2022 and ZIP code tabulation area (ZCTA) for the years 2008-2022. Example measures include population density; population distribution by race, ethnicity, age, and income; income inequality by race and ethnicity; and proportion of population living below the poverty level, receiving public assistance, and female-headed or single parent families with kids. The datasets also contain a set of theoretically derived measures capturing neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and affluence, as well as a neighborhood index of Hispanic, foreign born, and limited English.

This dataset contains annual measures of training and vocational schools in the United States from 1990 through 2022. The data include counts, per capita densities, area densities, and employment figures for twelve categories of training and vocational establishments: business and secretarial schools, data processing schools, general educational services, beauty schools and barber colleges, vocational schools, dance schools, instruction schools and camps, arts and crafts schools, music and drama schools, vehicle driving schools, reading and speaking schools, and personal development schools.

The unit of analysis is either the Census Tract or ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA), with separate files standardized to 2010 Census Tract boundaries, 2020 Census Tract boundaries, 2010 ZCTA boundaries, and 2020 ZCTA boundaries. Each file covers all census tracts or ZCTAs in the fifty United States, including Alaska, Hawaii, and US island territories.

Business establishment data were drawn from the National Establishment Time Series (NETS) database, which was cleaned and geocoded to Census Bureau TIGER/Line shapefiles. Population denominators came from the American Community Survey and Decennial Census. The data cleaning protocol addressed known NETS limitations by re-geocoding addresses, standardizing SIC codes across time, collapsing duplicate records, and removing businesses located at residential addresses using Zillow's ZTRAX data.

Key variables include count (e.g., count_businesscho), per capita density per 1000 population (e.g., den_datascho), area density per square mile (e.g., aden_vocationscho), and total employment (e.g., emps_beautyscho) for each establishment category. The Census Tract 2020 dataset includes both tract_fips20 and tract_fips22 variables to accommodate Connecticut's 2022 county boundary changes.