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Showing 1 – 50 of 142 results.
Self-published

Accounting for Limited Commitment between Spouses when Estimating Labor-Supply Elasticities (ICPSR 191681)

Released/updated on: 2023-05-17
The Frisch elasticity of labor supply can be estimated by regressing hours worked on
the hourly wage rate, controlling for consumption of the individual worker. However,
most household panel surveys contain consumption information only at the household
level. We show that proxying individual consumption by household consumption biases
estimated Frisch elasticities downward as limited commitment in the household induces
individual consumption to behave differently from household consumption. We develop
an improved estimation approach that eliminates this bias by exploiting information on
the composition of household consumption to infer its distribution. Using PSID data, we
estimate Frisch elasticities of about 0.65 for men and 0.8 for women.

Self-published

Arocho, 2019 Emerging Adulthood Changing Expectations (ICPSR 111182)

Released/updated on: 2019-08-07

Final analyses file used in Arocho, 2019, Emerging Adulthood article "Changes in expectations to marry and to divorce across the transition to adulthood". Data are from the PSID Transition into Adulthood 2005-2015 surveys, supplemented with marital history files of individuals and parents. Data have been imputed with multiple imputation and analyses variables have been demeaned.




Self-published

The Burden of Out of Pockets Costs and Medical Debt Faced by Households with Chronic Health Conditions in the United States (ICPSR 100784)

Released/updated on: 2017-06-29
Introduction: To examine the relationship between chronic health conditions and out-of-pocket costs (OOPC) and medical debt.  

Methods: Secondary data from the 2013 Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) was used. Households whose head of household and spouse (for married households) were 18 to 64 years old were included.

Results: Results from multivariate models showed that an increase in chronic health conditions by one increased the likelihood of having any OOPC by 68%, any medical debt by 135%, the amount of OOPC by 30% and the amount of medical debt by 60%.

Conclusions: Findings from this study show that the presence of chronic health conditions impose a large financial burden on some households.



Self-published

Can Fertility Decline Help Explain Gender Pay Convergence? (ICPSR 209567)

Released/updated on: 2024-10-09
These files contain the replication code for the article "Can Fertility Decline Help Explain the Narrowing Gender Pay Gap?", accepted for publication in Social Forces. This replication file is organized as an R project and contains all the code and data files needed to create the output in this article. 
    These files contain the replication code for the article "Can Fertility Decline Help Explain the Narrowing Gender Pay Gap?". This replication file is organized as an R project and contains all the code and data files needed to create the output in this article. The files are organized in the following folders:

    raw_data: contains the raw data files from the PSID, IPUMS-USA, and census-provided crosswalks.

    clean_data: contains intermediate data files and the final analysis file 

    jobs: contains all code for the project, including code that generates the final analytic data from the raw data and code that generates the tables and figures in the paper and the appendix. 

    For more detailed replication instructions, see the readMe at https://github.com/ninocricco/fertility_decline_gender_gap. 


      Self-published

      CDS-2020 time diary weights (ICPSR 181321)

      Released/updated on: 2022-10-06
      Time period: 2020-01-01--2020-01-01
      CDS-2020 time diary weights are provided as “User Generated” Data through OpenICPSR. Due to a low response rate and small sample size for the CDS-2020 time diaries, these weights are considered unofficial and being made available to researchers who understand the limitations (and potential uses) of these data. CDS-2020 was a follow-up data collection in the Fall of 2020 during the Covid-19 pandemic for children who participated in the 2019 wave of CDS. Children’s time diaries in CDS-2020 were collected for a random week day and a random weekend day.




      Self-published

      Class exercise: Predicting income mobility in PSID (ICPSR 185941)

      Released/updated on: 2023-03-14
      This repository contains data for a data science class exercise.

      Students: This exercise is about income mobility over three generations: grandparents (g1), parents (g2), and children (g3). Your task is to predict log income in generation 3 using data on log incomes in generations 1 and 2. Additional predictors available include education in each generation, race as reported by the grandparent (g1), and sex of the respondent in g3.

      The data you will use are in for_students.zip.
      • learning.csv contains 1,365 observations for which the outcome g3_log_income is recorded
      • holdout_public.csv contains 1,365 observations for which the outcome g3_log_income is NA
      Your task is to build a predictive model using learning.csv. Then, make predictions for the cases in holdout_public.csv.

      Here are some details about the variables in the data. All cases are from the cross-sectional Survey Research Sample of the PSID. In each generation, we took each respondent's annual income over several surveys from age 30 to 45, adjusted to 2022 dollars, and took the average. We truncated the data to the range from $5,000 to $448,501.10, where the bottom code is arbitrary and the top code is what we believe to be the lowest PSID top code over the series (in 1978), converted to 2022 dollars. Education is the first report at ages 30-45, coded as less than high school, high school, some college, or 4+ years of college. We merged the data together across generations using the PSID Family Identification Mapping System 3-generation prospective linkage file. See for_replication.zip for code to produce these data as well as a log file noting sample restrictions.

      We are trusting the students to not open the instructor data, which contains the outcomes you are trying to predict. You could peek of course, but that would be no fun! We are trusting you not to peek.

      Instructors: The file for_instructors.zip contains the true holdout outcomes in holdout_private.csv. You can use these to evaluate students' predictive performance (as long as you trust that they have not peeked).

      For those replicating: The file for_replication.zip contains the directory structure and code that produced this exercise from raw files downloaded from the PSID.
      Self-published

      COVID-19 experience and charitable giving: A quasi-experimental exploration using the Philanthropy Panel Study (ICPSR 209569)

      Released/updated on: 2024-10-09
      This study helps identify factors that contributed to changes in donations during the COVID-19 pandemic by examining the financial and health hardships families experienced. Using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) and Philanthropy Panel Study (PPS), this study explores trends in charitable giving across three time points (2016, 2018, and 2020) for groups of respondents. A quasi-experimental double pretest design and multi-group path modeling were used to explore changes in charitable giving.
      Self-published

      Data and code files for the paper "Ambiguity, Low Risk-Free Rates, and Consumption Inequality" (ICPSR 118047)

      Released/updated on: 2020-03-04
      Macroeconomists failed to predict the Great Recession, suggesting that the existing macroeconomic models may have been misspecified. Bearing in mind this potential misspecification, how do agents’ optimal decisions change? Furthermore, how large are the welfare costs of model misspecification? To shed light on these questions, we develop a tractable continuous time general equilibrium model to show that a fear of model misspecification reduces both the equilibrium interest rate and the relative inequality of consumption to income, making the model’s predictions closer to the data. Our quantitative analysis shows that the welfare costs of model uncertainty are sizable.
      Self-published

      Data and Code for: Beyond “Disconnected Youth”: Characterizing Developmental Heterogeneity in School or Work Connections during Emerging Adulthood (ICPSR 120255)

      Released/updated on: 2021-10-22
      Geographic coverage: United States
      Time period: 2005-01-01--2015-12-31
      Prior research on disconnected youth has defined connectedness to school or work during emerging adulthood as an either-or outcome, conflicting with research on emerging adulthood, which suggests varied, individualized pathways. This study used a growth mixture model method with data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics Transition into Adulthood Supplement to elucidate developmental heterogeneity in connectedness to school or work across the transition into adulthood (n=1,982). Results indicated eight distinct subgroups of connection to school or work. While over half of the sample were consistently connected to school or work across emerging adulthood, there was considerable variation – in part explained by race and parenting status. Policies and practices targeting disconnected youth should account for individual differences in connections to ensure support for those experiencing sporadic connections. Future research should examine how the intersection of race and sex are related to individual differences in connections to school or work.



      Self-published

      Data and Code for: Childhood Chronic Poverty Estimations_Looking beyond a count index (ICPSR 120427)

      Released/updated on: 2020-07-27
      Geographic coverage: United States
      Time period: 1968-01-01--1997-01-01
      Previous works have estimated the level of chronic poverty suffered by children using a count index, that is, the number of times a child was observed to be poor over a specified period of time. In addressing the question of which child suffers greater chronic poverty, this study looks beyond a count-based approach by paying attention to poverty measurement approaches that account for the timing, spacing and severity of poverty spells. This study is the first to document the poverty experiences of children in a developed nation using these intertemporal lifetime poverty measures. Using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics longitudinal dataset of the United States, I demonstrate that the count index does not account for all aspects of chronic poverty. Specifically, the evidence suggests that spending fewer periods in poverty is not always an indication of less chronic poverty suffered if the depth and distribution of poverty are ignored. I compare chronic poverty experiences between groups of children based on race, age of mother at birth, region, type of household, parental educational attainment and experiences of parental marital dissolution. Not surprisingly, non-whites suffer more chronic poverty than whites. This study shows that this difference is significantly increased when the timing and spacing of poverty spells are accounted for.
      Self-published

      Data and Code for Child-to-parent Intergenerational Transfers, Social Security and Child Wealth-building V2 (ICPSR 168982)

      Released/updated on: 2022-05-06
      Geographic coverage: United States
          In this study, I explore the impact of social security eligibility on transfers between adult children and elderly parents and the resulting impact on wealth building among adult children. I also describe these relationships across different racial and socioeconomic groups. I use data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) and a regression discontinuity approach where I describe the outcomes before and at the parents social security eligibility age. The main findings show that almost all groups reduce transfers at the threshold age, but the reduction in the probability that a parent receives transfers is stronger for economically disadvantaged groups. I also find that wealth of adult children increases at the threshold age and this increase is strongest for children of low-income parents. These findings appear to support the hypothesis that, by reducing the reliance of parents on their adult children, social security may contribute to wealth building among the adult-children generation.

      Self-published

      Data and code for: Why Didn't the College Premium Rise Everywhere? Employment Protection and On-the-Job Investment in Skills (ICPSR 191561)

      Released/updated on: 2024-01-26
      Geographic coverage: United States, Germany
      Time period: 1981-01-01--2013-12-31
      Why has the college wage premium risen rapidly in the United States since the 1980s, but not in European economies such as Germany? We argue that differences in employment protection can account for much of the gap. We develop a model in which firms and workers make relationship-specific investments in skill accumulation. The incentive to invest is stronger when employment protection creates an expectation of long-lasting matches. We argue that changes in the economic environment have reduced relationship-specific investment for less-educated workers in the United States, but not for better-protected workers in Germany.
      Self-published

      Data and Codes for 'Charitable giving role-modeling: parent transmission frequency and adolescent reception' (ICPSR 192267)

      Released/updated on: 2023-06-19
      Experiments indicate that adult role-modeling of giving has a causal effect on giving done by children, but a previous investigation using data from a natural setting suggests zero causal effect of parental role-modeling on their adolescents’ giving. This paper presents new evidence about the divergent findings: (1) parental giving does not automatically translate into an adolescent knowing that their parent gives, and (2) adolescents are much less likely to know that their parent gives if the parent gives from time-to-time. The results suggest new experimental designs that randomize the frequency of role-modeling, communication approaches that explain role-modeling actions to children, and whether the receiving organization is in-group or out-group. Practical implications of the results are that frequent giving by a parent is necessary for adolescents to successfully ‘receive’ the role model, but may not be sufficient. Purposeful communication is needed to ensure that adolescents know their parent is giving.
      Self-published

      Data for "Children and the Remaining Gender Gaps in the Labor Market" (ICPSR 165101)

      Released/updated on: 2022-03-15
      The past five decades have seen a remarkable convergence in the economic roles of men and women in society. Yet, persistently large gender gaps in terms of labor supply, earnings, and representation in top jobs remain. Moreover, in countries like the U.S., convergence in labor market outcomes appears to have slowed in recent decades. In this article, we focus on the role of children and show that many potential explanations for the remaining gender disparities in labor market outcomes are related to the fact that children impose significantly larger penalties on the career trajectories of women relative to men. In the U.S., we document that more than two-thirds of the overall gender earnings gap can be accounted for by the differential impacts of children on women and men. We propose a simple model of household decision-making to motivate the link between children and gender gaps in the labor market, and to help rationalize how various factors potentially interact with parenthood to produce differential outcomes by gender. We discuss several forces that might make the road to gender equity even more challenging for modern cohorts of parents, and offer a critical discussion of public policies that seek to address the remaining gaps.
      Self-published

      Data for: Collateralized Marriage, PSID IND 2015ER (1968 - 2015 Individual sample) (ICPSR 174602)

      Released/updated on: 2023-01-30
      Time period: 1968-01-01--2015-01-01
      This project contains the raw data for the PSID 1968 - 2015 Individual sample, which has since been edited and updated on the PSID website to the IND 2019ER file, covering 1968 - 2019. PSID Family datasets from 1968-1993 are also included which can be obtains from the PSID website. These are the data required for replicating the results in "Collateralized Marriage," and can be used to replicate any paper making use of the now out-of-date 2015 individual file.
      Self-published

      Data for: Labor Market Responses to Unemployment Insurance: The Role of Heterogeneity (ICPSR 170101)

      Released/updated on: 2022-08-02
      Geographic coverage: United States
      Time period: 1968-01-01--2019-01-01
      We document considerable scope of heterogeneity within the unemployed, especially when the unemployed are divided along eligibility and receipt of unemployment insurance (UI). We study the implications of this heterogeneity on UI’s insurance-incentive trade-off using a heterogeneous-agent job-search model capable of matching the wealth and income differences that distinguish UI recipients from non-recipients. Insurance benefits are larger for UI recipients who are predominantly wealth-poor. Meanwhile, incentive costs are non-monotonic in wealth because the poorest individuals, who value employment, exhibit weak responses. Differential elasticities imply that accounting for the composition of recipients is material to the evaluation of UI's insurance-incentive trade-off.

      In this project, we use the PSID data to document earnings and consumption dynamics around a job loss.
      Self-published

      Data for "The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic Recession on Less Educated Women's Human Capital: Some Projections" (ICPSR 211102)

      Released/updated on: 2024-11-15
      The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in major declines in employment of women. We provide projections of impacts of this reduction on less educated women’s future human capital framed within the traditional Mincerian model. We find that wage losses one year out from 2020 are relatively modest on average, generally less than 1%, with the largest for married women without children in the home. But losses are greater for young married women, mothers with very young children, and those working in COVID-impacted industries. School and childcare closures increase negative wage impacts for married mothers by an additional 50%.
      Self-published

      Decomposing Gender Wage Gaps - A Family Economics Perspective (ICPSR 191462)

      Released/updated on: 2023-06-20
      The replication package contains the replication files for the paper "Decomposing Gender Wage Gaps - A Family Economics Perspective'' by Dorothée Averkamp, Christian Bredemeier and Falko Juessen.

      We propose a simple way to embed family-economics arguments for pay differences between genders into standard decomposition techniques. To account appropriately for the role of the family in the determination of wages, one has to compare men and women with similar own characteristics and similar partners. In U.S. survey data, we fi nd that our extended decomposition explains considerably more of the wage gap than a standard approach - in line with our theory that highlights the role of career prioritization in dual-earner couples.

      Self-published

      Dynamics of Economic and Demographic Behavior: "Clean Processes" From the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) (ICPSR 1239) (ICPSR 127941)

      Released/updated on: 2020-12-03
      Geographic coverage: United States
      ***Note: This information is correct as of the last updates to these files [05/17/2001]***
       Lee A. Lillard, director of the Retirement Research Center at the University of Michigan, senior research scientist at its Institute for Social Research, and professor of economics, developed a unique method for analyzing the rich compendium of data collected by the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) since its inception in 1968. Lee died in December 2000, and his colleagues at PSID decided to provide the fruits of his work to the research community so others might benefit from an exploration of his techniques and methodologies for analyzing data. Lee created what he called "clean processes" to investigate a number of dynamic behaviors that are measured longitudinally in PSID, such as employment, marriage-divorce, and fertility. He and his programmers and research assistants put these processes into a consistent framework, and made decisions about how to resolve inconsistencies, missing items, etc. Data from the files can be entered, as appropriate, in dynamic econometric models of related and mutually causal processes: for instance, the relationships among marriage, fertility, and female labor supply. Thus, researchers can study various combinations of these behaviors without having to go through complex file creation for each project.

      Citation:
      Lillard, Lee A. Dynamics of Economic and Demographic Behavior:  “Clean Processes” From the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2001-05-17. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01239.v1


      Self-published

      Early-bird incentive strategy (ICPSR 145761)

      Released/updated on: 2021-07-22
      De-identified replication data and code are provided for the examination of an incentive strategy implemented during 2019 PSID data collection.
      Self-published

      The effects of monetary policy through housing and mortgage choices on aggregate demand (ICPSR 208183)

      Released/updated on: 2024-07-29
      Time period: 1970-01-01--1992-01-01
      Housing and mortgage choices are among the largest financial decisions households make and they substantially impact households’ liquidity. This paper explores how monetary policy affects aggregate demand by influencing these portfolio choices. To quantify this channel, I build a heterogeneous-agent life-cycle model with long-term mortgages and endogenous house prices. I find that, although only a small fraction of households adjust their housing and mortgage holdings in response to an expansionary monetary policy shock, these households account for over 50 percent of the increase in aggregate demand. Mortgage refinancing explains approximately four-fifths of the contribution, whereas adjusted housing choices account for one-fifth—uncovering a new transmission channel. I also show that the different pass-through of the policy rate to short and long mortgage rates drives the difference in the house-price and aggregate demand response between economies with adjustable-rate as compared to fixed-rate mortgages.
      Self-published

      El papel de la motivación en la práctica sistemática de las actividades físicas (ICPSR 184424)

      Released/updated on: 2023-01-31
      A través de las diferentes observaciones a clases se han constatado diversas manifestaciones de complejidad en el comportamiento del proceso y los resultados de la enseñanza-aprendizaje de habilidades en la clase de educación física de la educación superior, lo que conllevó a la verificación de la dinámica del proceso y el estudio de los productos de la actividad física, identificándose un insuficiente estado de motivación en la práctica de los ejercicios físicos. Fenómeno que provoca retardo en el cumplimiento de los objetivos de aprendizaje previstos en el programa de educación física. Revertir tal situación es el propósito de dicha investigación. En tal sentido el presente trabajo tiene como propósito realizar una valoración del estado actual de motivación hacia la práctica de las actividades físicas, lo que permitiría ofertar actividades motivadoras. Para ello se tomó una muestra de 110 estudiantes de la carrera de Lenguas extranjeras a los cuales se les aplicaron diversas encuestas, entrevistas y test psicológicos para diagnosticar su estado de motivación que nos permita elaborar actividades motivadoras que garanticen la práctica sistemática del ejercicio físico. Las metodologías utilizadas son la cualitativa y la cuantitativa, las cuales determinaron los resultados de esta pesquisa.
      Self-published

      Epistemología del aprendizaje. Una herramienta para potenciar la creatividad táctica en los deportes de combate. (ICPSR 196005)

      Released/updated on: 2023-12-20
      El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la importancia de las teorías del aprendizaje en la búsqueda de potenciar la creatividad táctica en deportistas de deportes de combate. Para ello, se llevó a cabo una revisión bibliográfica de estudios que abordan este tema. Se inicia con la definición de creatividad táctica y se revisan los aportes de diversas teorías. Además, se propone un modelo de entrenamiento que integra los principios de estas teorías y se sugieren algunas estrategias para diseñar ambientes de aprendizaje que estimulen la creatividad táctica en los deportes de combate.
      Self-published

      Evolutionary Influences on Assistance to Kin: Evidence from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (ICPSR 193132)

      Released/updated on: 2023-08-08
      Geographic coverage: United States
      Time period: 1985-01-01--2019-01-01
      This project involves analyses of the 1985 through 2019 waves of the PSID.  
      The author used the results of these analyses to argue that evolutionary processes focused on genetic relatedness can provide a partial explanation for both the persistence and expansion of kinship ties.  To illustrate this perspective, the author examined the consistency between patterns of financial assistance to kin and Hamilton’s rule, derived from the evolutionary theory of inclusive fitness.  This data archive contains one Stata data file (.dta).  This Stata data file was used for all analyses.  The archive contains Stata instruction files (.do) that were used to create all figures and tables and the output files (.log) that resulted from each instruction file.
      Self-published

      Family Characteristics in U.S. Intragenerational Family Income Mobility, 1978–2014 (ICPSR 137883)

      Released/updated on: 2022-02-21

      Family economic mobility has been a policy concern for decades, with interest heating up further since the 1990s, especially as the inequality of the family income distribution in the United States has grown. Rising intragenerational mobility could offset some of the effects rising cross-sectional inequality on longer-term or lifetime inequality, while falling intragenerational mobility would likely exacerbate such effects.
      Using data that tracks individual families’ incomes during overlapping 10-year periods from 1978-1988 through 2004-2014, this paper documents trends in intragenerational family mobility and investigates the relationships of family characteristics to mobility and whether the importance of those factors has changed over time or differs for shorter or longer periods. The paper measures intragenerational mobility using both relative and dollar-denominated indicators. Family characteristics include family structure and educational attainment and work behavior of the family head and wife (if present), as well as time-invariant characteristics of the family head, such as race. The analysis also examines within-period changes in the time-varying factors. The positions families occupy in the income distribution and the degree to which they are stuck or able to move up (or slide down) over time are critical determinants of their current well-being and their children’s prospects.
      Self-published

      fieldwork analysis data (ICPSR 184610)

      Released/updated on: 2023-08-18
      Data for analysis of transition to mixed mode fieldwork.
      Self-published

      Fieldwork duration (ICPSR 228342)

      Released/updated on: 2025-05-01
      SAS program code and data for fieldwork duration analysis
      Self-published

      The Financial Burden of Cancer on Families in the United States (ICPSR 100785)

      Released/updated on: 2017-06-29
      This study examined the relationship between a diagnosis of cancer and the likelihood of having any out of pocket costs (OOPC) and medical debt, and the amounts of OOPC and medical debt, at the household level. We used the 2011 Panel Study of Income Dynamics, an ongoing nationally representative panel survey that collects detailed socioeconomic and demographic data in the United States. The analytic sample included households where heads and their spouse (if married) were between 18 and 64 years old. Adjusted logistic regression models and generalized linear models with logarithmic link and a gamma distribution were used. Two models were used. Model 1 controlled for the gender, age, race, marital status, and education of the head of household, and household variables of the number of children in the household, the number of chronic health conditions for the head of household and spouse if married, and households where both the head and the spouse (if married) reported a diagnosis of cancer. Model 2 additionally controlled for home equity. Related to OOPC, both models showed that having a diagnosis of cancer increased a households likelihood of having any OOPC by 119% (p < .01) compared to those that did not have a diagnosis of cancer. Additionally, for households with positive amounts of OOPC, it was found that a diagnosis of cancer increased the amount of OOPC by 24% (p < .01) compared to households without a diagnosis of cancer. Related to medical debt, Model 1 showed that having a diagnosis of cancer increased a households likelihood of having any medical debt by 67% (p = .052) compared to those without a diagnosis of cancer. However, when including home equity in Model 2, having a diagnosis of cancer increased a households likelihood of having any medical debt by 78% (p < .05) compared to those without a diagnosis of cancer. Further, a diagnosis of cancer increased the amount of medical debt similarly for Model 1 (101%) and Model 2 (102%) for households with positive amounts of medical debt compared to those without a diagnosis of cancer (p < .05). All tests of significance were two-sided. This study shows that a diagnosis of cancer imposes a significant financial burden on families in the United States even after controlling for systematic differences between households with a diagnosis of cancer compared to those without a diagnosis of cancer.



      Self-published

      Foltyn and Olsson (2024) (ICPSR 198564)

      Released/updated on: 2024-02-23
      PSID extract used for the paper ``Subjective Life Expectancies, Time Preference Heterogeneity, and Wealth Inequality.''

      Self-published

      Food Expenditure Analysis (ICPSR 235981)

      Released/updated on: 2025-07-14
      Analysis of food expenditures by type of food.
      Self-published

      Food Security Dynamics in the United States, 2001-2017 (ICPSR 192370)

      Released/updated on: 2023-10-18
      Geographic coverage: United States
      Time period: 2001-01-01--2017-01-01
      We study household food security dynamics in the United States from 2001 to 2017 using a new measure, the probability of food security (PFS), the estimated probability that a household’s food expenditures equal or exceed the minimum cost of a healthful diet. We use PFS to analyze household-level and subpopulation-scale dynamics by investigating the conditional distribution of estimated food insecurity spells and the chronic and transient components of estimated food insecurity. We find that two-thirds ofhouseholds experienced no estimated food insecurity during the 2001-17 period and more than half of newly food insecure households regain food security within two years. Households headed by female, non-White, or less educated individuals disproportionately suffer persistent, chronic and/or severe food insecurity.

      Self-published

      From Adolescence to Adulthood: Are U.S. Young Adults Flourishing? (ICPSR 222301)

      Released/updated on: 2025-03-11
      Geographic coverage: United States
      Time period: 2002-01-01--2011-01-01
      This project includes data and do-files used to conduct a now-published study: Changes in flourishing from adolescence to young adulthood: An 8-year follow-up.

      Most research on mental health among adolescents and young adults concentrates on understanding mental illness. However, mental health is more than the absence of mental illness. Among adolescents and young adults, positive mental health—a combination of emotional, social, and psychological well-being— is related to higher prosocial behavior, school integration, and self-concept (Keyes, 2006). However, much of the research on positive mental health among young adults has been with college students. Limited research has examined the presence and correlates of positive mental health, or flourishing, among a nationally representative sample of U.S. young adults. This study extended Keyes (2006) original examination of positive mental health among U.S. adolescents to describe the prevalence of flourishing among these same individuals in young adulthood. Our sample included 1,090 individuals from the 2011 Panel Study of Income Dynamics Transition into Adulthood Supplement. Univariate and bivariate tests were used to describe the prevalence of flourishing during young adulthood and changes from adolescence to young adulthood. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine the relationships among indicators of healthy development and flourishing. Results suggest that flourishing improved during the transition into young adulthood and that targeting factors like life skills and civic engagement may enhance flourishing.


      Self-published

      The Future Strikes Back. Using Future Treatments to Detect and Reduce Hidden Bias (ICPSR 104060)

      Released/updated on: 2019-09-30
      Geographic coverage: United States
      Time period: 1968-01-01--1992-01-01
      Conventional advice discourages controlling for post-outcome variables in regression analysis. By contrast, we show that controlling for commonly available post-outcome (i.e. future) values of the treatment variable can help detect, reduce, and even remove omitted variable bias (unobserved confounding). The premise is that the same unobserved confounder that affects treatment also affects the future value of the treatment. Future treatments thus proxy for the unmeasured confounder, and researchers can exploit these proxy measures productively. We establish several new results: Regarding a commonly assumed data-generating process involving future treatments, we (1) introduce a simple new approach and show that it strictly reduces bias; (2) elaborate on existing approaches and show that they can increase bias; (3) assess the relative merits of alternative approaches; (4) analyze true state dependence and selection as key challenges. (5) Importantly, we also introduce a new non-parametric test that uses future treatments to detect hidden bias even when future-treatment estimation fails to reduce bias. We illustrate these results empirically with an analysis of the effect of parental income on children’s educational attainment.
      Self-published

      Generations Of Advantage. Multigenerational Correlations in Family Wealth (ICPSR 101094)

      Released/updated on: 2017-10-20
      Geographic coverage: United States
      Time period: 1968-01-01--2015-01-01
      Inequality in family wealth is high, yet we know little about how much and how wealth inequality is maintained across generations. We argue that a long-term perspective reflective of wealth’s cumulative nature is crucial to understand the extent and channels of wealth reproduction across generations. Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics that span nearly half a century, we show that a one decile increase in parental wealth position is associated with an increase of about 4 percentiles in offspring wealth position in adulthood. We show that grandparental wealth is a unique predictor of grandchildren’s wealth, above and beyond the role of parental wealth, suggesting that a focus on only parent-child dyads understates the importance of family wealth lineages. Second, considering five channels of wealth transmission — gifts and bequests, education, marriage, homeownership, and business ownership — we find that most of the advantages arising from family wealth begin much earlier in the life-course than the common focus on bequests implies, even when we consider the wealth of grandparents. We also document the stark disadvantage of African-American households in terms of not only their wealth attainment but also their intergenerational downward wealth mobility compared to whites.
      Self-published

      Growing Wealth Gaps in Education (ICPSR 101105)

      Released/updated on: 2018-03-21
      Time period: 1984-01-01--2015-01-01
      Prior research on trends in educational inequality has focused chiefly on changing gaps in educational attainment by family income or parental occupation. In contrast, this contribution provides the first assessment of trends in educational attainment by family wealth and suggests that we should be at least as much concerned about growing wealth gaps in education. Despite overall growth in educational attainment and some signs of decreasing wealth gaps in high school attainment and college access, I find a large and rapidly increasing wealth gap in college attainment between cohorts born in the 1970 and 1980s, respectively. This growing wealth gap in higher educational attainment co-occurred with a rise in inequality in children's wealth backgrounds, though the analyses also suggest that the latter does not fully account for the former. Nevertheless, the results reported here raise concerns about the distribution of educational opportunity among today's children who grow up in a context of particularly extreme wealth inequality.
      Self-published

      Health and Marriage: Selection, Protection, and Assortative Mating (ICPSR 101423)

      Released/updated on: 2018-02-21
      Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) and the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), we analyze the health gap between married and unmarried individuals of working-age. Controlling for observables, we find a gap that peaks at 10 percentage points at ages 55-59 years. The marriage health gap is similar for men and women. If we allow for unobserved heterogeneity in innate health (permanent and age-dependent), potentially correlated with timing and likelihood of marriage, we find that the effect of marriage on health disappears below age 40 years, while about 5~percentage points difference between married~and unmarried individuals remains at older ages (55-59 years). This~indicates that the observed gap is mainly driven by selection into marriage at younger ages, but there might be a protective effect of marriage at older ages. Exploring the mechanisms behind this result, we find that better innate health is associated with a higher probability of marriage and a lower probability of divorce, and there is strong assortative mating among couples by innate health. We also find that married individuals are more likely to have a healthier behavior compared to unmarried ones. Finally, we find that health insurance is critical for the beneficial effect of marriage.

      Self-published

      Housing cost burdens, pre- and post-pandemic (ICPSR 235023)

      Released/updated on: 2025-07-02
      • This project aims to assess changes in housing affordability or housing cost burdens pre- and post-pandemic. It explores the effects of homeownership, racial disparities, and other demographic characteristics. The main source of data is the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID): Household-level data on housing costs, socioeconomic, and demographic characteristics. 
      Self-published

      The Intergenerational Correlation of Consumption Expenditures (ICPSR 212562)

      Released/updated on: 2024-12-05
      Using data recently collected by the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we find that the intergenerational correlation in expenditures is no larger than that in income, suggesting limited intra-family risk-sharing.  On the other hand, even after controlling for the intergenerational correlation in income, the expenditures correlation remains significant. This suggests that other factors such as preferences, access to credit, and non-pecuniary inter vivos transfers potentially played a role in consumption smoothing across generations within a family. We also find that the correlation coefficients estimated using food and imputed total expenditures are smaller than that estimated using the measured total expenditures.
      Self-published

      Intergenerational mobility in self-reported health status in the US (ICPSR 147226)

      Released/updated on: 2021-08-13
      This project investigates the explanatory power of parent health and income on intergenerational mobility, using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and rank-rank analysis. From their model, the researchers find a high degree of intergenerational health mobility, with a rank-rank slope in self-reported health status of about 0.26. This repository contains the data extracts and computer programs used to replicate the paper’s findings. See the README for more details on the data and analysis. 
      Self-published

      The Intergenerational Transmission of Poverty and Public Assistance: Evidence from the Earned Income Tax Credit (ICPSR 198141)

      Released/updated on: 2024-02-06
      Geographic coverage: United States
      Time period: 1967-01-01--2017-01-01
      These do files and data sets can be used to replicate the findings in our JHR publication entitled: The Intergenerational Transmission of Poverty and Public Assistance: Evidence from the Earned Income Tax Credit. These data are based on data from the Panel Study of income Dynamics family and individual files from 1968 to 2017. 
      Self-published

      International Trade and Labor Reallocation: Misclassification Errors, Mobility, and Switching Costs (ICPSR 215481)

      Released/updated on: 2025-01-14
      Geographic coverage: United States
      Time period: 1972-01-01--1997-01-01
      PSID data used in 
      "International Trade and Labor Reallocation: Misclassification Errors, Mobility, and Switching Costs", by Maximiliano Dvorkin
      Forthcoming at the Review of Economic and Statistics/

      Abstract:
      International trade has rapidly increased in the past decades, affecting production and labor demand across various economic sectors. The impact of trade on employment and welfare relies heavily on data about worker reallocation, which often contains coding errors. This study demonstrates that such errors bias the estimated effects of trade and structural parameters in standard models. An econometric framework is developed to estimate misclassification probabilities, correct mobility matrices, and structural parameters. The findings reveal that the true effects of trade shocks differ significantly from those estimated using uncorrected data, highlighting the importance of addressing coding errors in economic analyses.