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The IPUMS Contextual Determinants of Health (CDOH) data series provides access to measures of disparities, policies, and counts, by state or county, for historically marginalized populations in the United States including Black, Asian, Hispanic/Latina/o/e/x, and LGBTQ+ persons, and women.

The IPUMS CDOH data are made available through ICPSR/DSDR for merging with the National Couples' Health and Time Study (NCHAT), United States, 2020-2021 (ICPSR 38417) by approved restricted data researchers. All other researchers can access the IPUMS CDOH data via the IPUMS CDOH website.

Unlike other IPUMS products, the CDOH data are organized into multiple categories related to Race and Ethnicity, Sexual and Gender Minority, Gender, and Politics. The measures were created from a wide variety of data sources (e.g., IPUMS NHGIS, the Census Bureau, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Movement Advancement Project, and Myers Abortion Facility Database). Measures are currently available for states or counties from approximately 2015 to 2020.

The Race and Ethnicity measure in this release is an indicator of employment inequity, which includes a ratio between the proportion of people aged 16-64, in the civilian labor force, who are employed and identify as White alone, not Hispanic or Latino and the proportion of people aged 16-64, in the civilian labor force, who are employed and identify as a different race/ethnic group (Black, Asian, and Hispanic). To work with the IPUMS CDOH data, researchers will need to use the variable MATCH_ID to merge the data in DS1 with NCHAT surveys within the virtual data enclave (VDE).

This dataset contains annual measures of training and vocational schools in the United States from 1990 through 2022. The data include counts, per capita densities, area densities, and employment figures for twelve categories of training and vocational establishments: business and secretarial schools, data processing schools, general educational services, beauty schools and barber colleges, vocational schools, dance schools, instruction schools and camps, arts and crafts schools, music and drama schools, vehicle driving schools, reading and speaking schools, and personal development schools.

The unit of analysis is either the Census Tract or ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA), with separate files standardized to 2010 Census Tract boundaries, 2020 Census Tract boundaries, 2010 ZCTA boundaries, and 2020 ZCTA boundaries. Each file covers all census tracts or ZCTAs in the fifty United States, including Alaska, Hawaii, and US island territories.

Business establishment data were drawn from the National Establishment Time Series (NETS) database, which was cleaned and geocoded to Census Bureau TIGER/Line shapefiles. Population denominators came from the American Community Survey and Decennial Census. The data cleaning protocol addressed known NETS limitations by re-geocoding addresses, standardizing SIC codes across time, collapsing duplicate records, and removing businesses located at residential addresses using Zillow's ZTRAX data.

Key variables include count (e.g., count_businesscho), per capita density per 1000 population (e.g., den_datascho), area density per square mile (e.g., aden_vocationscho), and total employment (e.g., emps_beautyscho) for each establishment category. The Census Tract 2020 dataset includes both tract_fips20 and tract_fips22 variables to accommodate Connecticut's 2022 county boundary changes.

The National Wellbeing Survey (NWS) is an annual population-based cross-sectional survey of adults aged 18 to 64 in the United States first collected in 2021. The 2023 NWS was administered online from June 23 to September 14,2023. The 2023 sample includes 7,105 respondents. The sample frame included non-institutionalized adults in the United States who ranged in age from 18 to 64 years old and who were able to read English. NWS sample participants were recruited online through Qualtrics Panels. The sample design included an oversample of rural residents; 26% of respondents (N=1,862) reside in a non-metropolitan county. Survey topics include psychosocial wellbeing, social relationships and support, participation in social activities, physical health, mental health, health behaviors, health care use, employment quality and experiences, COVID-19 experiences, socioeconomic measures, political orientation, and demographic measures. The restricted use version of the data includes geographic identifiers for states (N=51) and counties (N=1,746).

The PSID is the world's longest-running nationally representative household panel survey. With over 50 years of data on the same families and their descendants, the PSID is a cornerstone of the data infrastructure for empirically based social science research in the U.S. PSID gathers data on the family as a whole and on individuals residing within the family, emphasizing the dynamic and interactive aspects of family economics, demography, and health. PSID data were collected annually from 1968-1997 and biennially after 1997.

In the Main Interview, one person per family is interviewed on a regular basis. Information about each family member is collected, but much greater detail is obtained about the reference person and, if married/cohabitating, the spouse or long-term cohabitor. Survey content changes to reflect evolving scientific and policy priorities, although many content areas have been consistently measured since 1968. Information includes employment, income, wealth, expenditures, time use, health, dementia screener, insurance, education, marriage, childbearing, philanthropy, and numerous other topics. Additional types of PSID data are available only under a restricted contract. These include but are not limited to: geospatial data below the level of state; mortality data; Medicare claims; and educational characteristics from the National Center for Education Statistics.

With low attrition and high success in following young adults as they form their own families, the sample size has grown from roughly 5,000 families in 1968 to more than 9,000 families and 24,000 individuals by 2021. Over the course of the study, the PSID has distributed data on more than 84,000 individuals. The long panel, genealogical design, and broad content of the data offer unique opportunities to conduct generational and life-course research.

The PSID now contains thousands of inter- and intragenerational relationships over 50 years of data, including (as of the 2021 wave):

• "Paired" generational relationships, with each family in the pair providing independent interviews
  • Parent-Adult Child pairs: ~4,300
  • Sibling pairs: ~5,200
  • Cousin pairs: ~5,400
• "Tripled" generational relationships, with all three generations providing independent interviews
  • Grandparent-Parent-Adult Child triplets: ~1,000

For information about earlier data collections, see Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID): Main Interview, 1968-2015.

In 2021, the main interview was updated to include questions about the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, including: loss of earnings, US government stimulus payments, charitable giving, participants' exposure to COVID-19, and vaccination status.