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This data collection examines relationships among adverse childhood experiences, childhood trauma, mentalized affectivity, and substance involvement in a community sample of 199 adults. Participants were recruited through CloudResearch Connect and completed an anonymous online survey assessing adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), childhood trauma (CTQ-SF), mentalized affectivity (B-MAS), including the identification, processing, and expression of emotions (BMAS), and lifetime substance use (ASSIST). Survey measures were counterbalanced to reduce potential order effects, and attention checks were included to support response quality. The data were collected to examine whether dimensions of mentalized affectivity explain unique variance in substance involvement beyond childhood adversity and trauma. In particular, the study investigated whether individuals’ capacities to identify, process, and express emotions contribute to substance involvement after accounting for adverse and traumatic childhood experiences. The dataset can be used to explore associations among childhood experiences, affective functioning, and substance use in adulthood.