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The National Association of County and City Health Officials' (NACCHO) Forces of Change Survey is an evolution of NACCHO's Job Losses and Program Cuts Surveys (also known as the Economic Surveillance Surveys) which measured the impact of the economic recession on local health departments' (LHD) budgets, staff, and programs. The Forces of Change Survey continues to measure changes in LHD budgets, staff, and programs and assess more broadly the impact of forces affecting change in local health departments, such as health reform and accreditation. The 2018 Forces of Change survey was distributed to a stratified random sample of 966 LHDs in the United States.

The survey included six topics: (1) Budget Cuts and Job Losses, (2) Response to Opioid Use and Abuse, (3) Population Health Activities, (4) Influenza Preparedness and Response, (5) Informatics Capacity, and (6) Environmental Health Activities.

The National Association of County and City Health Officials' (NACCHO) Forces of Change Survey was developed as an evolution to NACCHO's Job Losses and Program Cuts Surveys (also known as the Economic Surveillance Surveys), which measured the impact of the economic recession on local health departments' (LHDs) budgets, staff, and programs.

The Forces of Change Survey continues to measure changes in LHD budgets, staff, and programs and assess more broadly the impact of forces affecting change in LHDs. For the 2020 Forces of Change survey, the core set of questions were distributed to a total of 2392 LHDs in the United States, with a stratified random sample of 905 LHDs receiving the module questionnaire.

More specifically, the survey collected information about LHD staffing levels, workforce reductions, and changes in budget sizes; provided services or functions; changes in the level of service delivery; billing for clinical services; efforts to help people enroll in health insurance from exchanges under the Affordable Care Act; awareness of and involvement in the State Innovation Models Initiative; participation in the Public Health Accreditation Board's national accreditation program for LHDs; and whether LHDs are part of a combined health and human services agency.

This catalog record includes detailed variable-level descriptions, enabling data discovery and comparison. The data are not archived at ICPSR. Users should consult the data owners (via the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research) directly for details on obtaining the data.

This collection includes variable-level metadata of Health Priorities Survey 1--The Medical System and The Uninsured, a survey from the Harvard School of Public Health and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation conducted by International Communications Research (ICR). Topics covered in this survey include:

• Quality of medical care
• Health care system problem severity
• Problems paying medical bills
• Health insurance
• Personal health

The data and documentation files for this survey are available through the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research [Roper #31092335]. Frequencies and summary statistics for the 82 variables from this survey are available through the ICPSR social science variable database and can be accessed from the Variables tab.

This catalog record includes detailed variable-level descriptions, enabling data discovery and comparison. The data are not archived at ICPSR. Users should consult the data owners (via the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research) directly for details on obtaining the data.

This collection includes variable-level metadata of Quality of Health Care, a survey from the Harvard School of Public Health and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation conducted by Social Science Research Solutions (SSRS). Topics covered in this survey include:

• Grading aspects of health care
• Value of health care versus cost
• Quality of care among local hospitals
• Familiar hospital versus higher-quality hospital
• Familiar surgeon versus higher-rated surgeon
• African Americans and health care quality
• Latinos and health care quality

The data and documentation files for this survey are available through the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research [Roper #31092346]. Frequencies and summary statistics for the 64 variables from this survey are available through the ICPSR social science variable database and can be accessed from the Variables tab.

Conducted by the National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO), the purpose of this survey of local health departments (LHDs) was to advance and support the development of a database for LHDs to describe and understand their structure, function, and capacities. A core set of questions was submitted to every LHD. In addition, some LHDs received one of two randomly assigned modules of supplemental questions.

Data from the National Profile of Local Health Departments survey are used by:

1. LHD staff members to compare their LHD or those within their states to others nationwide;
2. Policymakers at the local, state, and federal levels to inform public health policy and support projects to improve local public health practice;
3. Universities to educate future public health workforce members about LHDs;
4. Researchers to address questions about public health practice; and
5. NACCHO staff to develop programs and resources that meet the needs of LHDs and to advocate effectively for LHDs.

Data included as part of this collection includes the Public-Use (Restricted-Use Level 1) data of the National Profile of Local Health Departments 2016 study. The dataset includes 1930 cases for 1112 variables.

Conducted by the National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO), the purpose of this survey of local health departments (LHDs) was to advance and support the development of a database for LHDs to describe and understand their structure, function, and capacities. A core set of questions was submitted to every LHD. In addition, some LHDs received one of two randomly assigned modules of supplemental questions.

Data from the National Profile of Local Health Departments survey are used by:

1. LHD staff members to compare their LHD or those within their states to others nationwide;
2. Policymakers at the local, state, and federal levels to inform public health policy and support projects to improve local public health practice;
3. Universities to educate future public health workforce members about LHDs;
4. Researchers to address questions about public health practice; and
5. NACCHO staff to develop programs and resources that meet the needs of LHDs and to advocate effectively for LHDs.

Data included as part of this collection includes the Restricted-Use (Restricted-Use Level 2) data of the National Profile of Local Health Departments 2016 study. The dataset includes 1930 cases for 1116 variables.

This catalog record includes detailed variable-level descriptions, enabling data discovery and comparison. The data are not archived at ICPSR. Users should consult the data owners (via the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research) directly for details on obtaining the data.

This collection includes variable-level metadata of African Americans' Lives Today, a survey from National Public Radio, the Harvard School of Public Health and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation conducted by Social Science Research Solutions (SSRS). Topics covered in this survey include:

• Satisfaction with life and environment
• Life improvements
• Satisfaction with living area
• Living area improvements
• Most important local issue
• Other black people in area
• Amount of black friends
• Economic class
• Rating various public institutions
• Rating quality of various resources
• Amount of discrimination
• Reason for discrimination
• Personal financial situation
• Economic class growing up
• Achieving American dream
• Better off than parents
• Importance of religion
• Making decisions about children
• Child schooling
• Rating child's school
• Black children in school
• Desired level of child's education
• Seeking long-term relationship
• Desire to marry
• Satisfaction with dating opportunities
• Race of romantic dates
• Looking for work
• Career success
• Unemployment concerns
• Health insurance and healthcare
• Access to care
• Medical expenses
• Quality of doctors
• Health and wellness
• Social and family life

The data and documentation files for this survey are available through the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research [Roper #31092356]. Frequencies and summary statistics for the 204 variables from this survey are available through the ICPSR social science variable database and can be accessed from the Variables tab.

This catalog record includes detailed variable-level descriptions, enabling data discovery and comparison. The data are not archived at ICPSR. Users should consult the data owners (via the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research) directly for details on obtaining the data.

This collection includes variable-level metadata of Latinos' Lives and Health Today, a survey from National Public Radio, the Harvard School of Public Health, and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, conducted by Social Science Research Solutions (SSRS). Topics covered in this survey include:

• Satisfaction with life
• Satisfaction with living area
• Most important local issue
• Other Hispanic people in living area
• Rating aspects of life
• Personal discrimination in past twelve months
• Personal finances
• Achieving American dream
• Economic class
• Better off than parents
• Opportunities for children
• Language spoken at home
• Looking for job
• Concerns about unemployment
• Biggest health problem in family
• Description of weight
• Trying to lose weight
• Medical care in past twelve months
• Problems with medical care access
• Confidence in ability to pay for major illness
• Health care facility used
• Health care professionals speaking Spanish
• Receiving poor medical care
• Health insurance coverage
• Personal health rating
• Frequency of exercise
• Country born in
• Age came to United States
• Parents' birth country
• Reasons for coming to US
• Comparing birth country to US
• Diet as more or less healthy in US.

This catalog record includes detailed variable-level descriptions, enabling data discovery and comparison. The data are not archived at ICPSR. Users should consult the data owners (via the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research) directly for details on obtaining the data.

This collection includes variable-level metadata of Sick in America, a survey from National Public Radio, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, and the Harvard School of Public Health, conducted by Social Science Research Solutions (SSRS). Topics covered in this survey include:

• Quality of health care
• Health care costs as problem
• Reasons for health care quality problems
• Focus of doctor visits
• Reasons for rising health care costs
• Health care as good value
• Agreement with doctor statements
• Amount of doctors
• Doctor visits for check-up
• Personal insurance coverage
• Uninsured
• Overnight hospital stays
• Satisfaction with hospital medical care
• Medical care costs as reasonable
• Description of hospital stays
• Serious illness
• Interactions with medical professionals
• Impact of medical care costs on family
• Receiving care every time it's needed
• Being turned away for health care
• Insurance premiums as financial problem
• Out of pocket medical costs
• Negotiating lower charges
• Problems paying for insurance
• Changing regular doctor
• Personal financial situation

The data and documentation files for this survey are available through the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research [Roper #31092354]. Frequencies and summary statistics for the 159 variables from this survey are available through the ICPSR social science variable database and can be accessed from the Variables tab.

This catalog record includes detailed variable-level descriptions, enabling data discovery and comparison. The data are not archived at ICPSR. Users should consult the data owners (via the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research) directly for details on obtaining the data.

This collection includes variable-level metadata of America's Health Agenda, a survey from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the Harvard School of Public Health conducted by Social Science Research Solutions (SSRS). Topics covered in this survey include:

• Rating local community's healthiness
• Most threatening disease or health condition
• Most important medical care system problems
• Rating government illness prevention
• Rating government health care systems
• Preferred government size
• Federal government health care priorities
• Rating federal government health care performance
• Contact with federal government health agencies
• Overall national health changes
• State government health priorities
• Rating state government health care performance
• Contact with state government health agencies
• Overall state health changes
• Local government health care priorities
• Rating local government health care performance
• Contact with local health agencies
• Overall local health changes
• Personal problems in past year
• Spending money to save in the long run

The data and documentation files for this survey are available through the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research [Roper #31092347]. Frequencies and summary statistics for the 421 variables from this survey are available through the ICPSR social science variable database and can be accessed from the Variables tab.