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The Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS, formerly known as the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study) follows a cohort of nearly 5,000 children born in large, U.S. cities between 1998 and 2000. The study oversampled births to unmarried couples; and, when weighted, the data are representative of births in large U.S. cities at the turn of the century. The FFCWS was originally designed to address four questions of great interest to researchers and policy makers:

1. What are the conditions and capabilities of unmarried parents, especially fathers?
2. What is the nature of the relationships between unmarried parents?
3. How do children born into these families fare?
4. How do policies and environmental conditions affect families and children?

The FFCWS consists of interviews with mothers, fathers, and/or primary caregivers at birth and again when children are ages 1, 3, 5, 9, 15, and 22. The parent interviews collected information on attitudes, relationships, parenting behavior, demographic characteristics, health (mental and physical), economic and employment status, neighborhood characteristics, and program participation. Beginning at age 9, children were interviewed directly (either during the home visit or on the telephone). The direct child interviews collected data on family relationships, home routines, schools, peers, and physical and mental health, as well as health behaviors.

A collaborative study of the FFCWS, the In-Home Longitudinal Study of Pre-School Aged Children (In-Home Study) collected data from a subset of the FFCWS Core respondents at the Year 3 and 5 follow-ups to ask how parental resources in the form of parental presence or absence, time, and money influence children under the age of 5. The In-Home Study collected information on a variety of domains of the child's environment, including: the physical environment (quality of housing, nutrition and food security, health care, adequacy of clothing and supervision) and parenting (parental discipline, parental attachment, and cognitive stimulation). In addition, the In-Home Study also collected information on several important child outcomes, including anthropometrics, child behaviors, and cognitive ability. This information was collected through interviews with the child's primary caregiver, and direct observation of the child's home environment and the child's interactions with his or her caregiver.

Similar activities were conducted during the Year 9 follow-up. At the Year 15 follow-up, a condensed set of home visit activities were conducted with a subsample of approximately 1,000 teens. Teens who participated in the In-Home Study were also invited to participate in a Sleep Study and were asked to wear an accelerometer on their non-dominant wrist for seven consecutive days to track their sleep (Sleep Actigraphy Data) and that day's behaviors and mood (Daily Sleep Actigraphy and Diary Survey Data).

An additional collaborative study collected data from the child care provider (Year 3) and teacher (Years 9 and 15) through mail-based surveys. Saliva samples were collected at Year 9 and 15 (Biomarker file and Polygenic Scores). The Study of Adolescent Neural Development (SAND) COVID Study began data collection in May 2020 following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. It included online surveys with the young adult and their primary caregiver.

The FFCWS began its seventh wave of data collection in October 2020, around the focal child's 22nd birthday. Data collection and interviews continued through January 2024. The Year 22 wave included a young adult (YA) survey with the original focal child and a primary caregiver (PCG) survey. Data were also collected on the children of the original focal child (referred to as Generation 3, or G3).

In 2017, the FFCWS team announced the Fragile Families (FF) Challenge, a collaborative effort in which participants were tasked with using machine learning methods and FFCWS data (Baseline to Year 9) to build a model that would predict six key outcomes at Year 15. Materials used in the FF Challenge have been archived in this collection.

Documentation for these files is available on the FFCWS website under Data and Documentation. For details of updates made to the FFCWS data files, please see the project's Data Alerts page.

Data collection for the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study was supported by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) of the National Institutes of Health under award numbers R01HD36916, R01HD39135, and R01HD40421, as well as a consortium of private foundations.

Below is the citation for use of the FFCWS data accessed through ICPSR. For information on additional citation requirements when using FFCWS in publications, please refer to this FAQ on the FFCWS project site.

This catalog record includes detailed variable-level descriptions, enabling data discovery and comparison. The data are not archived at ICPSR. Users should consult the data owners (via the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research) directly for details on obtaining the data.

This collection includes variable-level metadata of Poll #2000-6672: Illegal Drugs and End of Life Survey, a survey by Harvard School of Public Health/Robert Wood Johnson Foundation conducted by ICR Survey Research Group. Topics covered in this survey include:

• Illegal drug use
• Terminally ill patients

This catalog record includes detailed variable-level descriptions, enabling data discovery and comparison. The data are not archived at ICPSR. Users should consult the data owners (via the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research) directly for details on obtaining the data.

This collection includes variable-level metadata of the 2014 poll What Shapes Health, a survey from National Public Radio/Robert Wood Johnson Foundation/Harvard School of Public Health conducted by Social Science Research Solutions (SSRS). Topics covered in this survey include:

• Concerned about own health
• Meaning of health
• Control over own health
• Effort into maintaining health
• Frequency of healthy activities
• Description of personal health
• Types of healthy habits
• On diet to lose weight
• Ways to improve health
• Things that cause health problems
• Childhood problems causing future health issues
• Participation in community organizations
• Volunteering improving health
• Being told to improve health
• Family/friend behavior influencing health
• Health habits of family/friends
• Problems experienced in adulthood
• Problems experience in childhood
• Receiving health care
• Difficulty accessing health care
• Parents' health
• Recent serious illnesses
• Diagnosed with health conditions
• Frequency of exercising
• Personal weight
• Smoking habits
• Health insurance

The data and documentation files for this survey are available through the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research [Roper #31092363]. Frequencies and summary statistics for the 244 variables from this survey are available through the ICPSR social science variable database and can be accessed from the Variables tab.

This catalog record includes detailed variable-level descriptions, enabling data discovery and comparison. The data are not archived at ICPSR. Users should consult the data owners (via the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research) directly for details on obtaining the data.

This collection includes variable-level metadata of Poll # 2005-NURSE: Nursing Shortage, a survey from the Harvard School of Public Health and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation conducted by ICR-International Communications Research. Topics covered in this survey include:

• Rating of quality of health care provided by hospitals
• Reasons for poor quality hospital care
• Nursing shortage
• Recent hospitalization in family
• Number of nurses working during recent hospitalization
• Quality of nursing care received during hospitalization
• Choosing a hospital based on quality of nursing care
• 'Magnet' hospitals

This catalog record includes detailed variable-level descriptions, enabling data discovery and comparison. The data are not archived at ICPSR. Users should consult the data owners (via the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research) directly for details on obtaining the data.

This collection includes variable-level metadata of Poll # 2006-TOBACCO1: Tobacco Survey, a survey from the Harvard School of Public Health and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation conducted by ICR-International Communications Research. Topics covered in this survey include:

• Opinion on smoking in public places
• Favor/oppose total ban on smoking in public places
• Favor/oppose using money from cigarette taxes to pay for programs to help smokers quit
• Perceived amount of state tobacco taxes spent on control/prevention initiatives
• Importance of state government spending of money on control/prevention initiatives
• Effectiveness of ways of quitting smoking
• Personal smoking habits

The data and documentation files for this survey are available through the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research [Roper #31092317]. Frequencies and summary statistics for the 122 variables from this survey are available through the ICPSR social science variable database and can be accessed from the Variables tab.

This catalog record includes detailed variable-level descriptions, enabling data discovery and comparison. The data are not archived at ICPSR. Users should consult the data owners (via the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research) directly for details on obtaining the data.

This collection includes variable-level metadata of Poll # 2006-VUL: Vulnerable Populations, a survey from the Harvard School of Public Health and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation conducted by ICR-International Communications Research. Topics covered in this survey include:

• Knowledge of maximum yearly income for family of 4 to be considered to be living in poverty
• Knowledge of proportion of United States children who do not complete high school
• Proportion of children living in poverty who do not complete high school
• Government aid to children of legal immigrants
• Favor/oppose continuing government support for children in foster care until age 25
• Most important services for government to spend more money on for children in foster care
• Responsibility for paying for long-term care for older adults
• Preferred place to be if elderly and ill/disabled
• Long-term care insurance
• Seriousness of gun/domestic violence in the community

The data and documentation files for this survey are available through the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research [Roper #31092321]. Frequencies and summary statistics for the 108 variables from this survey are available through the ICPSR social science variable database and can be accessed from the Variables tab.

This catalog record includes detailed variable-level descriptions, enabling data discovery and comparison. The data are not archived at ICPSR. Users should consult the data owners (via the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research) directly for details on obtaining the data.

This collection includes variable-level metadata of Health Priorities Survey 2--Public Health Priorities, the Nation's Public Health System, and State Health Departments, a survey from the Harvard School of Public Health and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation conducted by International Communications Research (ICR). Topics covered in this survey include:

• Rating public illness prevention systems
• Government health agency job performance
• Rating specific illness preventative measures
• Greatest threats to public health
• State government agency job performance
• Familiarity with state health agencies
• Contact with state health agencies
• Following state health news
• State health department importance
• Rating state health department
• Overall state health
• Health insurance coverage
• Rating personal health

The data and documentation files for this survey are available through the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research [Roper #31092336]. Frequencies and summary statistics for the 96 variables from this survey are available through the ICPSR social science variable database and can be accessed from the Variables tab.

This catalog record includes detailed variable-level descriptions, enabling data discovery and comparison. The data are not archived at ICPSR. Users should consult the data owners (via the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research) directly for details on obtaining the data.

This collection includes variable-level metadata of the Subethnicities Survey, a survey from the Harvard School of Public Health and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation conducted by ICR-International Communications Research. Topics covered in this survey include:

• Family heritage
• Country born
• Healthcare system in U.S.
• Healthcare experiences
• Public health in the U.S.
• Avian or Bird Flu

This catalog record includes detailed variable-level descriptions, enabling data discovery and comparison. The data are not archived at ICPSR. Users should consult the data owners (via the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research) directly for details on obtaining the data.

This collection includes variable-level metadata of the Subethnicities Survey, a survey from the Harvard School of Public Health and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation conducted by ICR-International Communications Research. Topics covered in this survey include:

• Family heritage
• Country born
• Childhood obesity
• Quality of healthcare system in the United States
• Visit of emergency room
• Prescription

The data and documentation files for this survey are available through the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research [Roper #31092323]. Frequencies and summary statistics for the 172 variables from this survey are available through the ICPSR social science variable database and can be accessed from the Variables tab.

This catalog record includes detailed variable-level descriptions, enabling data discovery and comparison. The data are not archived at ICPSR. Users should consult the data owners (via the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research) directly for details on obtaining the data.

This collection includes variable-level metadata of the 2017 Discrimination in the United States Survey, a survey from Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health/Robert Wood Johnson Foundation/National Public Radio conducted by Social Science Research Solutions (SSRS). Topics covered in this survey include:

• Belief in discrimination against racial/ethnic minorities
• Discrimination against men/women
• Discrimination against lesbian/gay/bisexual people
• Discrimination against transgender people
• Biggest problem with discrimination against lesbian/gay/bisexual/transgender/queer (LGBTQ) people
• Live on tribal lands
• Local/tribal government
• Discrimination based on race
• Discrimination based on gender
• Discrimination based on being part of the LGBTQ community
• Reasons for avoiding seeking health care
• Experiences with discrimination
• Discrimination resulting in fewer employment opportunities
• Discrimination resulting in unequal pay
• Discrimination resulting in fewer chances for quality education
• Encouraged to/discouraged from applying to college
• Predominant groups living in respondent's area
• Not feeling/being welcomed in neighborhood due to race
• Not feeling/being welcomed in neighborhood due to being part of LGBTQ community
• Considered moving to another area because of discrimination
• Comparing respondent's area to others
• Police using unnecessary force based on race/ethnicity
• Avoiding activities to avoid discrimination from police
• Experiences caused by racial discrimination
• Experiences caused by gender discrimination
• Experiences caused by discrimination against LGBTQ community
• Local police force does/does not reflect racial/ethnic background of community
• Contacted by political representatives about voting/supporting cause
• Registered to vote
• Vote in 2016 presidential election
• Physical health status
• Mental health status
• Disability
• Chronic illness
• Veterans Administration
• Indian Health Services
• Seeking health care
• Insurance coverage

The data and documentation files for this survey are available through the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research [Roper #31114655]. Frequencies and summary statistics for the 235 variables from this survey are available through the ICPSR social science variable database and can be accessed from the Variables tab.

This catalog record includes detailed variable-level descriptions, enabling data discovery and comparison. The data are not archived at ICPSR. Users should consult the data owners (via the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research) directly for details on obtaining the data.

This collection includes variable-level metadata of Health and Health Care Priorities, a survey by Harvard School of Public Health/Robert Wood Johnson Foundation conducted by ICR Survey Research Group. Topics covered in this survey include:

• Important health problems
• Satisfaction with state of nation
• Severity of health issues
• Organizations that improve health care
• Important laws to pass

This catalog record includes detailed variable-level descriptions, enabling data discovery and comparison. The data are not archived at ICPSR. Users should consult the data owners (via the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research) directly for details on obtaining the data.

This collection includes variable-level metadata of Health Insurance Coverage Survey, a survey by Harvard School of Public Health/Robert Wood Johnson Foundation conducted by ICR Survey Research Group. Topics covered in this survey include:

• Important Health Problems
• Satisfaction
• Important Health Issues
• Uninsured
• Health Plans
• Financial Consequences
• News and Consequences
• News

This catalog record includes detailed variable-level descriptions, enabling data discovery and comparison. The data are not archived at ICPSR. Users should consult the data owners (via the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research) directly for details on obtaining the data.

This collection includes variable-level metadata of the 2013 poll The Public's Health Care Agenda for the 113th Congress, a survey from Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation/Harvard School of Public Health/Robert Wood Johnson Foundation conducted by Social Science Research Solutions (SSRS). Topics covered in this survey include:

• Most important Congressional issues
• Role of government in health care system
• One way to improve health care
• When to work on budget deficit
• Best way to reduce deficit
• Support for program spending reductions
• Support for deficit reduction proposals
• View of 2010 healthcare law
• Importance of government insurance programs to family
• Medicare working well
• Wealthier seniors paying higher premiums
• Changes to Medicare to reduce deficit
• Raising eligibility age
• Need for Medicare reductions
• Program cuts without increasing costs
• State government priorities
• Medicaid working well
• State participation in Medicaid funding
• Greatest health threats to Americans
• Priorities of federal spending
• Preventative care saving money in long run

The data and documentation files for this survey are available through the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research [Roper #31092360]. Frequencies and summary statistics for the 185 variables from this survey are available through the ICPSR social science variable database and can be accessed from the Variables tab.

This catalog record includes detailed variable-level descriptions, enabling data discovery and comparison. The data are not archived at ICPSR. Users should consult the data owners (via the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research) directly for details on obtaining the data.

This collection includes variable-level metadata of African Americans' Lives Today, a survey from National Public Radio, the Harvard School of Public Health and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation conducted by Social Science Research Solutions (SSRS). Topics covered in this survey include:

• Satisfaction with life and environment
• Life improvements
• Satisfaction with living area
• Living area improvements
• Most important local issue
• Other black people in area
• Amount of black friends
• Economic class
• Rating various public institutions
• Rating quality of various resources
• Amount of discrimination
• Reason for discrimination
• Personal financial situation
• Economic class growing up
• Achieving American dream
• Better off than parents
• Importance of religion
• Making decisions about children
• Child schooling
• Rating child's school
• Black children in school
• Desired level of child's education
• Seeking long-term relationship
• Desire to marry
• Satisfaction with dating opportunities
• Race of romantic dates
• Looking for work
• Career success
• Unemployment concerns
• Health insurance and healthcare
• Access to care
• Medical expenses
• Quality of doctors
• Health and wellness
• Social and family life

The data and documentation files for this survey are available through the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research [Roper #31092356]. Frequencies and summary statistics for the 204 variables from this survey are available through the ICPSR social science variable database and can be accessed from the Variables tab.

This catalog record includes detailed variable-level descriptions, enabling data discovery and comparison. The data are not archived at ICPSR. Users should consult the data owners (via the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research) directly for details on obtaining the data.

This collection includes variable-level metadata of the 2013 poll Health Education Survey, a survey from National Public Radio/Robert Wood Johnson Foundation/Harvard School of Public Health conducted by Social Science Research Solutions (SSRS). Topics covered in this survey include:

• Grade child enrolled in
• Location of child's school
• Enrollment total
• Giving grade to child's school
• Biggest problem at school
• Emphasis on various subjects
• School teaching same values as home values
• School obligations interfering with family time
• Knowledge about common core
• Common core improving education
• Method of learning about common core
• Success of common core
• School preparing students for careers
• Attending technical
• Vocational classes
• Preparing students for college
• Preparing students for job market
• Student plans after high school
• College or career planning services
• Healthiness of school lunches
• Foods available at school
• Length of school lunch
• Time of lunch period
• Vending machines at school
• Fast-food chains at school
• Physical education as mandatory
• Frequency of PE classes
• Length of PE classes
• PE classes for other purposes
• Rating PE school offerings
• Playgrounds available after school
• Recess as structured or free time
• School safety
• Security precautions at school
• Ways of preventing violence at school
• Increasing security after Newtown shooting
• Method of transport to school
• Time to get home from school
• Safety of travelling to school
• School related stress
• School counseling for stressed students
• Time of school day

The data and documentation files for this survey are available through the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research [Roper #31092359]. Frequencies and summary statistics for the 148 variables from this survey are available through the ICPSR social science variable database and can be accessed from the Variables tab.

This catalog record includes detailed variable-level descriptions, enabling data discovery and comparison. The data are not archived at ICPSR. Users should consult the data owners (via the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research) directly for details on obtaining the data.

This collection includes variable-level metadata of Latinos' Lives and Health Today, a survey from National Public Radio, the Harvard School of Public Health, and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, conducted by Social Science Research Solutions (SSRS). Topics covered in this survey include:

• Satisfaction with life
• Satisfaction with living area
• Most important local issue
• Other Hispanic people in living area
• Rating aspects of life
• Personal discrimination in past twelve months
• Personal finances
• Achieving American dream
• Economic class
• Better off than parents
• Opportunities for children
• Language spoken at home
• Looking for job
• Concerns about unemployment
• Biggest health problem in family
• Description of weight
• Trying to lose weight
• Medical care in past twelve months
• Problems with medical care access
• Confidence in ability to pay for major illness
• Health care facility used
• Health care professionals speaking Spanish
• Receiving poor medical care
• Health insurance coverage
• Personal health rating
• Frequency of exercise
• Country born in
• Age came to United States
• Parents' birth country
• Reasons for coming to US
• Comparing birth country to US
• Diet as more or less healthy in US.

This catalog record includes detailed variable-level descriptions, enabling data discovery and comparison. The data are not archived at ICPSR. Users should consult the data owners (via the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research) directly for details on obtaining the data.

This collection includes variable-level metadata of Sick in America, a survey from National Public Radio, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, and the Harvard School of Public Health, conducted by Social Science Research Solutions (SSRS). Topics covered in this survey include:

• Quality of health care
• Health care costs as problem
• Reasons for health care quality problems
• Focus of doctor visits
• Reasons for rising health care costs
• Health care as good value
• Agreement with doctor statements
• Amount of doctors
• Doctor visits for check-up
• Personal insurance coverage
• Uninsured
• Overnight hospital stays
• Satisfaction with hospital medical care
• Medical care costs as reasonable
• Description of hospital stays
• Serious illness
• Interactions with medical professionals
• Impact of medical care costs on family
• Receiving care every time it's needed
• Being turned away for health care
• Insurance premiums as financial problem
• Out of pocket medical costs
• Negotiating lower charges
• Problems paying for insurance
• Changing regular doctor
• Personal financial situation

The data and documentation files for this survey are available through the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research [Roper #31092354]. Frequencies and summary statistics for the 159 variables from this survey are available through the ICPSR social science variable database and can be accessed from the Variables tab.

This catalog record includes detailed variable-level descriptions, enabling data discovery and comparison. The data are not archived at ICPSR. Users should consult the data owners (via the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research) directly for details on obtaining the data.

This collection includes variable-level metadata of the 2015 poll Sports and Health in America, a survey from National Public Radio/Robert Wood Johnson Foundation/Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health conducted by Social Science Research Solutions (SSRS). Topics covered in this survey include:

• Sports participation in past year
• Exercise in the past year
• Importance of sport/exercise
• Effects of sport/exercise
• Future sport/exercise participation
• Reasons for not participating in sport/exercise
• Sports participation in school
• Desire for child sports participation
• Desire to be professional athlete
• Stopped playing sports
• Reasons for current sports participation
• Child health
• Child sports participation
• Sports participation with child
• Effects of child sports participation
• Hope for child to be professional athlete
• Child exercise
• Obstacles to child sports participation
• Personal health
• Sport/exercise injuries
• Hours of TV

The data and documentation files for this survey are available through the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research [Roper #31095185]. Frequencies and summary statistics for the 191 variables from this survey are available through the ICPSR social science variable database and can be accessed from the Variables tab.

This catalog record includes detailed variable-level descriptions, enabling data discovery and comparison. The data are not archived at ICPSR. Users should consult the data owners (via the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research) directly for details on obtaining the data.

This collection includes variable-level metadata of the 2014 poll The Burden of Stress in America, a survey from National Public Radio/Robert Wood Johnson Foundation/Harvard School of Public Health conducted by Social Science Research Solutions (SSRS). Topics covered in this survey include:

• Stress experienced in past month
• Impact of stress on life aspects
• Stress affecting health
• Stress affecting family and household
• Stress affecting friendships
• Stress affecting work
• Stress affecting community involvement
• Responses to stress
• Time to relax in past month
• Causes of stress
• Concern about various problems
• Daily events contributing to stress
• Reasons for not experiencing stress
• Stress experienced in past year
• Most stressful event in past year
• Things done to reduce stress
• People advising stress reduction methods
• Stress level changes in last few years
• Stress contributing to major life problems
• Stress contributing to future problems
• Stress having positive effect
• Control over stress
• Effect of stress on other people

The data and documentation files for this survey are available through the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research [Roper #31092361]. Frequencies and summary statistics for the 410 variables from this survey are available through the ICPSR social science variable database and can be accessed from the Variables tab.

The purpose of this study was to describe what newly licensed registered nurses (NLRN) working in hospitals learned about quality improvement in their education programs and workplaces. The survey was administered to nurses working in a hospital who participated in the second wave (ICPSR 36812) of the Newly Licensed Registered Nurse Survey series. This was part of a ten year panel survey. Quality improvement topics covered by the survey include:

• patient-centered care
• evidence-based practice
• standardized practices for restrain and seclusion, infection control and pain management
• use of information technology or strategies to reduce reliance on memory
• participation in analyzing errors and designing system improvements
• use of national patient safety resources, initiatives or regulations
• use of specific quality improvement models

This study investigated the factors that influenced the career decisions of young physicians and the characteristics of their practices. The collection has five datasets: Public-Use Version of the Young Physicians Survey (Dataset 1), Socioeconomic Monitoring System Study (Dataset 2), ZIP Code Data (Dataset 3), Verbatim Responses to the Open-Ended Questions (Dataset 4), and Restricted-Use Version of the Young Physicians Survey (Dataset 5).

The Public-Use Version of the Young Physicians Survey comprises responses from the Young Physicians Survey (YPS), plus merged data from the American Medical Association (AMA) Masterfile and the Association of American Medical Colleges' Student and Applicant Information Management System (SAIMS) database. The YPS interviewed physicians below 40 years of age who recently completed graduate medical training and were in their early years of practice. These physicians were queried about their graduate medical training, perceptions of the medical profession, current practice arrangements, career decisions, family background, patient care activities, and current income and expenses. To obtain information on current practice arrangements, respondents were questioned about the practices they worked in, including who owned the practices, the number of physicians in each practice, specialties or subspecialties practiced, usual fees for selected services, percentages of revenues from HMOs, PPOs, and IPAs, and percentages of patients who were Medicare patients, had no health insurance coverage, or were poor, Black, Hispanic, severely physically disabled, or chronically mentally ill. Questions on career decisions asked respondents about factors that influenced their career choices, such as reasons for working in multiple practices, reasons for leaving past practices, and reasons for deciding in favor of or against self-employment. Information on family background elicited by the survey includes the respondent's race, marital status, and educational debt, parents' income class and education, number of children living in the respondent's home, and whether the respondent's spouse or parents were physicians. Questions on patient care activities included questions on the number of hours spent providing uncompensated health care to the poor, and the number of hours spent with patients in a variety of settings, such as the office, emergency rooms, hospital outpatient clinics, and operating rooms. Information from the AMA Masterfile and the SAIMS database includes board certification status, AMA membership, school and year of graduation, Medical College Admission Test scores, primary undergraduate institution, most recent grade point averages, place of birth, number of acceptances to United States medical schools, parents' occupations, preferred medical specialty, and preferred practice setting.

Dataset 2 comprises responses from the AMA's Socioeconomic Monitoring System (SMS), a semiannual survey of nonfederal physicians that collected data on topics similar to those in the YPS, such as practice ownership, hours spent seeing patients in various settings, income, expenses, and opinions on practice procedures. The SMS data can be used for comparative analyses of young, prime, and senior physicians.

The ZIP Code Data contain estimates for the composition of the population residing in the ZIP code areas of the YPS respondents' main practices. This includes estimates of the size of each ZIP code area population, as well as its components with respect to gender, age, race, Hispanic ethnicity, and income. Also included are estimates of the number of physicians and their composition with respect to age, sex, practice type, and specialty.

Dataset 4 contains verbatim responses to open-ended questions asked in the YPS.

The Restricted-Use Version of the Young Physicians Survey is the same as the Public-Use Version of the Young Physicians Survey, except for some variables that were restricted from general dissemination for reasons of confidentiality. The restricted-use version includes the restricted variables, but the public-use version does not.