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The American Health Values Survey (AHVS) was conducted by the National Opinion Research Center (NORC) at the University of Chicago in order to develop a typology of Americans based on their health values and beliefs. The survey, of more than 10,000 adults from five individual communities, examined values and beliefs related to health at both the individual as well as societal levels. The community surveys sought to compare differences between the local typologies, but also to investigate any similarities with national typology groups. The survey assessed the importance of health in:

• day-to-day personal life (i.e. the amount of effort spent on disease prevention as well as appropriate seeking of medical care);
• equity, the value placed on the opportunity to succeed generally in life as well as on health equity;
• social solidarity, the importance of taking into account the needs of others as well as personal needs;
• health care disparities, views about how easy/hard it is for African Americans, Latinos and low-income Americans to get quality health care;
• and, the importance of the social determinants of health.

In addition, the survey also explored views about how active government should be in health; collective efficacy, the ease of affecting positive community change by working with others; and health-related civic engagement e.g. the support of health charities and organizations working on health issues.

There are public-use and restricted-use versions of the data provided for each of the five sentinel communities participating in this study. Although each site differs on the number of respondents as listed below, each data file contains the same 143 variables for each site and version of the data. The only difference between the public-use versus restricted-use versions of the data is the variable ZIP, which was MASKED in the public-use version.

• DS1 and DS2 - Baltimore, Maryland: 2,139
• DS3 and DS4 - Maricopa County, Arizona: 2,247
• DS5 and DS6 - Stockton, California: 2,127
• DS7 and DS8 - Mobile, Alabama: 1,821
• DS9 and DS10 - North Central counties in Nebraska: 2,846

This data collection contains the TrainingFinder Real-time Affiliate Integrated Network (TRAIN) database dictionary and three data files derived from the TRAIN database. A project of the Public Health Foundation, TRAIN (www.train.org) is a comprehensive learning resource for public health professionals, such as epidemiologists, public health officials, health educators, environmental health professionals, social workers, nurses, physicians, emergency responders, and mental health providers. Learners can use TRAIN to search for on-site and distance learning courses, register on-line for courses, provide and view feedback about courses, and create a personal training record of competency-based training and continuing education requirements. Course providers can use TRAIN to publicize courses, manage online registration and student rosters, collect feedback from learners, and post course materials and discussion topics.

Core Competencies for Public Health Professionals is a set of skills, knowledge, and attitudes necessary for the broad practice of public health. Adopted by the Council on Linkages Between Academia and Public Health Practice, this list of competencies was incorporated into TRAIN.

Comprising a small subset of the information in the TRAIN database, the three data files were tailored to facilitate public health systems and services research. The first data file contains demographic information about every registered TRAIN learner: street address, county, city, state, ZIP code, country, education level, gender, race, Hispanic origin, birth date, primary language, and secondary language. The second data file is a tabulation which shows the core competencies covered by each course offered through TRAIN, together with the course titles, expiration dates, and the organizations offering the courses. The last data file is a tabulation which shows the number of TRAIN courses and learners by core competency and professional role.

The TRAIN database dictionary describes all of the variables in the TRAIN database, including those not provided with this data collection.

In the context of COVID-19, RAND and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation have partnered to build from the National Survey of Health Attitudes to implement a longitudinal survey to understand how health views and values have been affected by the experience of the pandemic, with particular focus on populations deemed vulnerable or underserved, including people of color and those from low-to moderate-income backgrounds.

Questions in this COVID-19 survey focused specifically on experiences related to the pandemic (e.g., financial, physical, emotional), how respondents viewed the disproportionate impacts of the pandemic, whether and how respondents' views and priorities regarding health actions and investments are changing (including the roles of government and the private sector), and how general values about such issues as freedom and racism may be related to pandemic views and response expectations.

This study includes the results for Wave 1 for the general population.

Demographic information includes sex, marital status, household size, race and ethnicity, family income, employment status, age, and census region.

In the context of COVID-19, RAND and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation have partnered to build from the National Survey of Health Attitudes to implement a longitudinal survey to understand how health views and values have been affected by the experience of the pandemic, with particular focus on populations deemed vulnerable or underserved, including people of color and those from low-to moderate-income backgrounds.

In the context of COVID-19, RAND and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation partnered again to build from the National Survey of Health Attitudes to implement a longitudinal survey to understand how health views and values have been affected by the experience of the pandemic, with particular focus on populations deemed vulnerable or underserved, including people of color and those from low- to moderate-income backgrounds.

The study is a longitudinal study, collecting data in four waves. The study also included 2 populations: A sample of populations at greater risk, and a general population sample. This study includes the results for Wave 2 for populations at greater risk.

One previous wave and two future waves were conducted. The questions in the surveys were largely similar across all four waves. All respondents who participated in Wave 1 were invited to participate in the future waves.

Demographic info includes sex, marital status, household size, race and ethnicity, family income, employment status, age, and census region.

In the context of COVID-19, RAND and RWJF partnered again to build from the National Survey of Health Attitudes to implement a longitudinal survey to understand how health views and values have been affected by the experience of the pandemic, with particular focus on populations deemed vulnerable or underserved, including people of color and those from low to moderate-income backgrounds.

The questions in this COVID-19 survey focused specifically on experiences related to the pandemic (e.g., financial, physical, emotional), how respondents viewed the disproportionate impacts of the pandemic, whether and how respondents' views and priorities regarding health actions and investments are changing (including the roles of government and the private sector), and how general values about such issues as freedom and racism may be related to pandemic views and response expectations. The study is a longitudinal study, which collected data in four waves. The study also included 2 populations: A sample of populations at greater risk, and a general population sample. This study included the results for Wave 2 for populations at greater risk. The questions in the surveys were largely similar across all four waves.

Demographic info includes sex, marital status, household size, race and ethnicity, family income, employment status, age, and census region.

In the context of COVID-19, RAND and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation partnered again to build from the National Survey of Health Attitudes to implement a longitudinal survey to understand how these health views and values have been affected by the experience of the pandemic, with particular focus on populations deemed vulnerable or underserved, including people of color and those from low- to moderate-income backgrounds.

The questions in this COVID-19 survey focused specifically on experiences related to the pandemic (e.g., financial, physical, emotional), how respondents viewed the disproportionate impacts of the pandemic, whether and how respondents' views and priorities regarding health actions and investments are changing (including the roles of government and the private sector), and how general values about such issues as freedom and racism may be related to pandemic views and response expectations.

This study includes the results for Wave 4 for the general population.

Demographic information includes sex, marital status, household size, race and ethnicity, family income, employment status, age, and census region.

In the context of COVID-19, RAND and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) partnered again to build from the National Survey of Health Attitudes to implement a longitudinal survey to understand how health views and values have been affected by the experience of the pandemic, with particular focus on populations deemed vulnerable or underserved, including people of color and those from low to moderate-income backgrounds.

The questions in this COVID-19 survey focused specifically on experiences related to the pandemic (e.g., financial, physical, emotional), how respondents viewed the disproportionate impacts of the pandemic, whether and how respondents' views and priorities regarding health actions and investments are changing (including the roles of government and the private sector), and how general values about such issues as freedom and racism may be related to pandemic views and response expectations. Some questions used in the NSHA are fielded in this COVID-19 survey while others are newly used from other COVID-19 surveys or newly developed for this effort. The study is a longitudinal study, collecting data in four waves. The study also included 2 populations: A sample of populations at greater risk, and a general population sample. This study includes the results for Wave 4 for populations at greater risk. The questions in the surveys were largely similar across all four waves.

Demographic info includes sex, marital status, household size, race and ethnicity, family income, employment status, age, and census region.

The National Association of County and City Health Officials' (NACCHO) Forces of Change Survey is an evolution of NACCHO's Job Losses and Program Cuts Surveys (also known as the Economic Surveillance Surveys) which measured the impact of the economic recession on local health departments' (LHD) budgets, staff, and programs. The Forces of Change Survey continues to measure changes in LHD budgets, staff, and programs and assess more broadly the impact of forces affecting change in LHDs, such as health reform and accreditation. More specifically, the survey collected information about LHD staffing levels, workforce reductions, and changes in budget sizes; provided services or functions; changes in the level of service delivery; billing for clinical services; efforts to help people enroll in health insurance from exchanges under the Affordable Care Act; awareness of and involvement in the State Innovation Models Initiative; participation in the Public Health Accreditation Board's national accreditation program for LHDs; and whether LHDs are part of a combined health and human services agency.

The collection is comprised of the public-use version (Restricted-Use Level 1) of the Forces of Change 2014 dataset, and includes 133 variables for 648 cases, with demographic variables related to LHD budgets, governance type, and number of employees.

The National Association of County and City Health Officials' (NACCHO) Forces of Change Survey is an evolution of NACCHO's Job Losses and Program Cuts Surveys (also known as the Economic Surveillance Surveys) which measured the impact of the economic recession on local health departments' (LHD) budgets, staff, and programs. The Forces of Change Survey continues to measure changes in LHD budgets, staff, and programs and assess more broadly the impact of forces affecting change in LHDs, such as health reform and accreditation. More specifically, the survey collected information about LHD staffing levels, workforce reductions, and changes in budget sizes; provided services or functions; changes in the level of service delivery; billing for clinical services; efforts to help people enroll in health insurance from exchanges under the Affordable Care Act; awareness of and involvement in the State Innovation Models Initiative; participation in the Public Health Accreditation Board's national accreditation program for LHDs; and whether LHDs are part of a combined health and human services agency.

The collection is comprised of the restricted-use version (Restricted-Use Level 2) of the Forces of Change 2014 dataset, and includes 140 variables for 648 cases, with demographic variables related to LHD budgets, governance type, and number of employees.

The National Association of County and City Health Officials' (NACCHO) Forces of Change Survey is an evolution of NACCHO's Job Losses and Program Cuts Surveys (also known as the Economic Surveillance Surveys) which measured the impact of the economic recession on local health departments' budgets, staff, and programs. The Forces of Change Survey continues to measure changes in Local Health Department (LHD) budgets, staff, and programs and assess more broadly the impact of forces affecting change in LHDs, such as health reform and accreditation. More specifically, the survey collected information about LHD staffing levels, workforce reductions, and changes in budget sizes; provided services or functions; changes in the level of service delivery; billing for clinical services; efforts to help people enroll in health insurance from exchanges under the Affordable Care Act; awareness of and involvement in the State Innovation Models Initiative; participation in the Public Health Accreditation Board's national accreditation program for LHDs; and whether LHDs were part of a combined health and human services agency.

The collection is comprised of the public-use version (Restricted-Use Level 1) of the Forces of Change 2015 dataset, and includes 101 variables for 690 cases, with demographic variables related to LHD budgets.

The National Association of County and City Health Officials' (NACCHO) Forces of Change Survey is an evolution of NACCHO's Job Losses and Program Cuts Surveys (also known as the Economic Surveillance Surveys) which measured the impact of the economic recession on local health departments' budgets, staff, and programs. The Forces of Change Survey continues to measure changes in Local Health Department (LHD) budgets, staff, and programs and assess more broadly the impact of forces affecting change in LHDs, such as health reform and accreditation. More specifically, the survey collected information about LHD staffing levels, workforce reductions, and changes in budget sizes; provided services or functions; changes in the level of service delivery; billing for clinical services; efforts to help people enroll in health insurance from exchanges under the Affordable Care Act; awareness of and involvement in the State Innovation Models Initiative; participation in the Public Health Accreditation Board's national accreditation program for LHDs; and whether LHDs were part of a combined health and human services agency.

The collection is comprised of the restricted-use version (Restricted-Use Level 2) of the Forces of Change 2015 dataset, which includes 103 variables for 690 cases and demographic variables related to the size of population served and LHD budgets.

The National Association of County and City Health Officials' (NACCHO) Forces of Change Survey is an evolution of NACCHO's Job Losses and Program Cuts Surveys (also known as the Economic Surveillance Surveys) which measured the impact of the economic recession on local health departments' (LHD) budgets, staff, and programs. The Forces of Change Survey continues to measure changes in LHD budgets, staff, and programs and assess more broadly the impact of forces affecting change in local health departments, such as health reform and accreditation. This current iteration of the survey collected information about Zika response; local health departments involvement in multi-sectoral partnerships; and workforce recruitment.

The collection is comprised of the public-use version (Restricted-Use Level 1) of the Forces of Change 2017 dataset, and includes 192 variables for 948 cases, with demographic variables related to LHD budgets.

The National Association of County and City Health Officials' (NACCHO) Forces of Change Survey is an evolution of NACCHO's Job Losses and Program Cuts Surveys (also known as the Economic Surveillance Surveys) which measured the impact of the economic recession on local health departments' (LHD) budgets, staff, and programs. The Forces of Change Survey continues to measure changes in LHD budgets, staff, and programs and assess more broadly the impact of forces affecting change in LHDs, such as health reform and accreditation. This current iteration of the survey collected information about Zika response; LHDs involvement in multi-sectoral partnerships; and workforce recruitment.

The collection is comprised of the restricted-use version (Restricted-Use Level 2) of the Forces of Change 2017 dataset, and includes 195 variables for 948 cases, with demographic variables related to LHD budgets.

This collection comprises a single data file which was produced as part of the data harmonization efforts of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The file contains merged data from five sources:

1. 2010 National Profile of Local Health Departments, a survey of local health departments conducted by the National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO).

2. 2011 National Profile Survey of Local Boards of Health, a survey of local boards of health conducted by the National Association of Local Boards of Health (NALBOH).

3. 2010 State and Territorial Public Health Survey, a survey of state and United States territory health departments conducted by the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO).

4. 2011 County Health Rankings, a compilation of county-level health measures and within-state county health rankings produced by the University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute.

5. 2010 Census Demographic Profile Summary File, a series of tables with housing and population data from the 2010 Census.

Produced by matching data from the last four sources to the NACCHO data, the data file contains one case for each of the 2,107 local health departments (LHD) that responded to the NACCHO survey. Each LHD's record in the file includes the ASTHO data for its state health department and the NALBOH data for its local board of health (LBH), if it had a LBH and the LBH responded to the NALBOH survey. (If a LHD had multiple LBHs, then the first one in the NALBOH data was matched to the LHD). In addition, county (or county equivalent)-level data from the County Health Rankings and Census Demographic Profile Summary File were matched to the records of the 1,535 LHDs represented in the data file with a jurisdiction covering a single county or county equivalent.

Conducted by the National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO), the purpose of this survey of local health departments (LHDs) was to advance and support the development of a database for LHDs to describe and understand their structure, function, and capacities. A core set of questions was submitted to every LHD. In addition, some LHDs received one of two randomly assigned modules of supplemental questions.

Data from the National Profile of Local Health Departments survey are used by:

1. LHD staff members to compare their LHD or those within their states to others nationwide;
2. Policymakers at the local, state, and federal levels to inform public health policy and support projects to improve local public health practice;
3. Universities to educate future public health workforce members about LHDs;
4. Researchers to address questions about public health practice; and
5. NACCHO staff to develop programs and resources that meet the needs of LHDs and to advocate effectively for LHDs.

Data included as part of this collection includes the Public-Use (Restricted-Use Level 1) data of the National Profile of Local Health Departments 2016 study. The dataset includes 1930 cases for 1112 variables.

Conducted by the National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO), the purpose of this survey of local health departments (LHDs) was to advance and support the development of a database for LHDs to describe and understand their structure, function, and capacities. A core set of questions was submitted to every LHD. In addition, some LHDs received one of two randomly assigned modules of supplemental questions.

Data from the National Profile of Local Health Departments survey are used by:

1. LHD staff members to compare their LHD or those within their states to others nationwide;
2. Policymakers at the local, state, and federal levels to inform public health policy and support projects to improve local public health practice;
3. Universities to educate future public health workforce members about LHDs;
4. Researchers to address questions about public health practice; and
5. NACCHO staff to develop programs and resources that meet the needs of LHDs and to advocate effectively for LHDs.

Data included as part of this collection includes the Restricted-Use (Restricted-Use Level 2) data of the National Profile of Local Health Departments 2016 study. The dataset includes 1930 cases for 1116 variables.

Since 2013, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) has led the development of a pioneering national action framework to advance a "culture that enables all in our diverse society to lead healthier lives now and for generations to come." Accomplishing these principles requires a national paradigm shift from a traditionally disease and health care-centric view of health toward one that focuses on well-being. Recognizing that paradigm shifts require intentional actions, RWJF worked with RAND researchers to design an actionable path to fulfill the Culture of Health (CoH) vision. A central piece of this work is the development of measures to assess constructs underlying a CoH.

The National Survey of Health Attitudes is a survey that RWJF and RAND analysts developed and conducted as part of the foundation's CoH strategic framework. The foundation undertook this survey to measure key constructs that could not be measured in other data sources. Thus, the survey was not meant to capture the full action framework that informs CoH, but rather just selected measure areas. The questions in this survey primarily addressed the action area: making health a shared value. The survey covers a variety of topics, including views regarding what factors influence health, such as the notion of health interdependence (peer, family, neighborhood, and workplace drivers of health), values related to national and community investment for health and well-being; behaviors around health and well-being, including civic engagement on behalf of health, and the role of community engagement and sense of community in relation to health attitudes and values.

Since 2013, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) has led the development of a pioneering national action framework to advance a "culture that enables all in our diverse society to lead healthier lives now and for generations to come." Accomplishing these principles requires a national paradigm shift from a traditionally disease and health care-centric view of health toward one that focuses on well-being. Recognizing that paradigm shifts require intentional actions, RWJF worked with RAND researchers to design an actionable path to fulfill the Culture of Health (CoH) vision. A central piece of this work is the development of measures to assess constructs underlying a CoH.

The National Survey of Health Attitudes is a survey that RWJF and RAND analysts developed and conducted as part of the foundation's CoH strategic framework. The foundation undertook this survey to measure key constructs that could not be measured in other data sources. Thus, the survey was not meant to capture the full action framework that informs CoH, but rather just selected measure areas. The questions in this survey primarily addressed the action area: making health a shared value. The survey covers a variety of topics, including views regarding what factors influence health, such as the notion of health interdependence (peer, family, neighborhood, and workplace drivers of health), values related to national and community investment for health and well-being; behaviors around health and well-being, including civic engagement on behalf of health, and the role of community engagement and sense of community in relation to health attitudes and values.

This study includes the results from the 2018 RWJF National Survey of Health Attitudes. This 2018 survey is considered the second wave, the first wave of the survey was conducted in 2015 (ICPSR 37405). In 2018, the study team fielded an updated version that included many of the same questions but added some new constructs that were of interest as part of the larger Culture of Health effort. This study complements the overview of the 2015 survey described in the RAND report Development of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation National Survey of Health Attitudes (Carman et al., 2016).

Since 2013, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) has led the development of a pioneering national action framework to advance a "culture that enables all in our diverse society to lead healthier lives now and for generations to come." Accomplishing these principles requires a national paradigm shift from a traditionally disease and health care-centric view of health toward one that focuses on well-being. Recognizing that paradigm shifts require intentional actions, RWJF worked with RAND researchers to design an actionable path to fulfill the Culture of Health (CoH) vision. A central piece of this work is the development of measures to assess constructs underlying a CoH.

The National Survey of Health Attitudes (NSHA) is a survey that RWJF and RAND analysts developed and conducted as part of the foundation's CoH strategic framework. The foundation undertook this survey to measure key constructs that could not be measured in other data sources. Thus, the survey was not meant to capture the full action framework that informs CoH, but rather just selected measure areas. The questions in this survey primarily addressed the action area: making health a shared value. The survey covers a variety of topics, including views regarding what factors influence health, such as the notion of health interdependence (peer, family, neighborhood, and workplace drivers of health), values related to national and community investment for health and well-being; behaviors around health and well-being, including civic engagement on behalf of health, and the role of community engagement and sense of community in relation to health attitudes and values.

This study includes the results from the 2023 RWJF National Survey of Health Attitudes. The 2023 survey is the third wave of the NSHA. The first wave was conducted in 2015 (ICPSR 37405) and the second wave in 2018 (ICPSR 37633). The 2023 report complements the overview of the 2015 survey described in the RAND report Development of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation National Survey of Health Attitudes (Carman et al., 2016), and its subsequent topline 2018 Survey of National Health Attitudes: Description and Top-Line Summary (Carman et al., 2019) and is organized similarly for consistency. A companion set of longitudinal surveys during the COVID-19 pandemic was fielded between 2020 and 2021 and is further described in four top-line reports, COVID-19 and the Experiences of Populations at Greater Risk (Carman et al., 2020-2021).

The questions in the 2023 survey uniquely capture aspects of American mindset about health, health equity, structural racism, and wellbeing in ways that are not present in other surveys. This version of the NSHA can be viewed in three main sections: (1) individual health experiences, perspectives, and knowledge (making health a shared value); (2) health equity perspectives; and (3) community wellbeing, including climate views and barriers to community engagement. Insights from the surveys referenced above, including this one, have established a baseline and set of cross-sectional pulse checks on where the American public is regarding their recognition of social determinants of health, their understanding of health inequities including structural racism, their willingness to address those inequities and their indication of who in society should be responsible for solving health inequities.

In November 2019, the National Opinion Research Center (NORC) launched the Y Strong Communities Study to explore how experiences with the YMCA (or "the Y") have affected the lives of Y participants and their communities. NORC fielded a survey with over 3,000 individuals who were Y members or who had participated in activities at the Y. Topics covered by the survey included Y engagement (duration and frequency of Y participation), reflections on the Y (e.g., whether the Y helps them develop connect to resources), community involvement, and health and well-being. Additional information collected by the survey includes work status, volunteer activity, attendance of faith-based services, gender identity, age, ethnicity, race, and educational attainment.

NORC also fielded two rounds of questions on the AmeriSpeak Omnibus survey in November 2019 and March 2020 to collect a general population comparison for the Y participant survey.