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These instructional materials were prepared for use with AGRICULTURAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC RECORDS FOR HOUSEHOLDS IN THE NORTH, 1860 (ICPSR 7420), compiled by Fred Bateman and James D. Foust. The data file and accompanying documentation are provided to assist educators in (an SPSS portable file) instructing students about the history of agriculture and rural life in the North, just prior to the Civil War. An instructor's handout has also been included. This handout contains the following sections, among others: (1) General goals for student analysis of quantitative datasets, (2) Specific goals in studying this dataset, (3) Suggested appropriate courses for use of the dataset, (4) Tips for using the dataset, and (5) Related secondary source readings. Demographic, occupational, and economic information for over 21,000 rural households in the northern United States in 1860 are presented in the dataset. The data were obtained from the manuscript agricultural and population schedules of the 1860 United States Census and are provided for all households in a single township from each of the 102 randomly-selected counties in 16 northern states. Variables in the dataset include farm values, livestock, and crop production figures for the households that owned or operated farms (over half the households sampled), as well as value of real and personal estate, color, sex, age, literacy, school attendance, occupation, place of birth, and parents' nationality of all individuals residing in the sampled townships.

During 1981, the Bicol Community Survey gathered data from 100 barangays located in the same provinces of the Philippines that were sampled by the BICOL MULTIPURPOSE SURVEY (BMS), 1978: [PHILIPPINES] (ICPSR 6878): Albay, Camarines Sur, and Sorsogon. Barangays are political subdivisions equivalent to villages in rural areas and to neighborhoods in urban areas. Data were gathered at the community level from barangay heads, health care providers (both public and private), traditional birth practitioners (hilots), traditional healers (herbolario), and barangay residents using a questionnaire divided into six different sections, each with its own particular focus. The six sections correspond to the six data files in this collection. Part 1, Infant Food Prices, contains information from one store in each barangay on content, availability, and price information of infant foods. Part 2, Health Services: Availability and Distance, contains one observation for each barangay from either barangay captains, barangay officials, or housewives regarding the time and cost of travel to health providers, both public and private. Part 3, Health Services: Prices and Quality, provides information from 518 heads of health care facilities, private health care professionals, traditional birth practitioners, and traditional healers about travel costs, costs per visit, and costs for prescribed medication. Part 4, Promotional Practices of Infant Food Companies, offers responses from hilots, heads of health facilities, and private professionals about brands of infant formula available, whether free samples and pamphlets were provided, and whether supplies such as pads, pencils, equipment, or posters were donated. Part 5, Environmental Sanitation, provides data from sanitary inspectors on water availability, water conditions, and garbage disposal within the barangay. For Part 6, Health Professionals Survey Data, heads of facilities and private professionals were given a self-administered survey regarding the demographic, educational, and employment characteristics of workers, along with their knowledge of and attitude toward breast-feeding. Interviews conducted with hilots by field workers using the same questionnaire are also included.

The Bicol Multipurpose Survey (BMS) was designed to assess the impact of the Bicol River Basin Development Project (BRBDP) on one of the poorest regions in the Philippines. Using data collected from both semi-urban and rural areas of the Bicol Region, the BMS sought to examine the impact not only of the various development projects of the BRBDP such as irrigation, electricity, and road repair, but also the economic, social, and health issues faced by the residents of the Bicol Region. The survey gathered data for 17 project areas and 3 cities in the provinces of Albay, Camarines Sur, and Sorsogon. Household-level information (Part 1) covers household characteristics, physical environment, income and expenditures, distance from schools, and respondents' feelings about household conditions and the progress of the barangay in which they lived (a barangay is a political subdivision equivalent to a village in rural areas and to a neighborhood in urban areas). Information on topics such as attitudes about foods during pregnancy, infant and child care, prenatal care, community involvement, and work history are contained in a separate Mothers Data file (Part 2). The individual-level data (Parts 3-5) contain demographic information such as age, sex, and education, and include time spent on household and occupational tasks. Information was collected from persons as young as 6 years of age, but was coded for individuals 15 years and older for tasks such as selling, food preparation, farm work, raising livestock and poultry, and the type and amount of fishing. Morbidity data from over 17,000 individuals are also included. The Household Production files (Parts 6-11) cover agriculture and business, crop production, rice farming, raising livestock and poultry, type of fishing done, and quantity of fish caught. Also included are income figures, assets, and liabilities. The Barangay Survey (Part 12) examines the physical aspects of the barangay and the use of social services in the area to determine the impact of the BRBDP and outside influences. The barangay captain or official records provided information on the physical characteristics, community services, medical services, social services, sanitation, and educational systems available within the barangay. The Extension Workers Survey (Part 13) asked 324 workers about their knowledge and activities regarding agricultural practices such as fertilizer use, pest and disease control, and other aspects of planting and transplanting. Through the Medical Practitioners Survey (Part 14), 426 practitioners were asked questions on their education and training, general health knowledge and experience, and knowledge and attitudes about birth control. Data collected in 1978, 1983, and 1994 can be used individually or merged together on a unique household identifier found in Part 15 (with the exception of the Medical Practitioners and Extension Workers data).

The 1983 Bicol Multipurpose Survey (BMS) was designed to revisit the residents of the Bicol Region of the Philippines who were surveyed during 1978 in an effort to review the progress of the Bicol River Basin Development Project (BRBDP). The Bicol Multipurpose Survey (BMS) was designed to assess the impact of the BRBDP on one of the poorest regions in the Philippines. Using data collected from both semi-urban and rural areas of the Bicol Region, the BMS sought to examine the impact not only of the various development projects of the BRBDP such as irrigation, electricity, and road repair, but also the economic, social, and health issues faced by the residents of the Bicol Region. The survey gathered data for 17 project areas and 3 cities in the provinces of Albay, Camarines Sur, and Sorsogon. The 1983 BMS follows the same design as BICOL MULTIPURPOSE SURVEY (BMS), 1978: [PHILIPPINES] (ICPSR 6878), with the data being organized into 31 "blocks" or series of questions. A total of 1,901 households were surveyed in 1983, most of which were previously surveyed in 1978. An additional replacement sample of 420 was drawn from the 1978 rosters for the 1983 survey. Respondents were again asked about income, employment, education, health status, and health services. Additionally, the 1983 survey gathered extensive information on fishing, business expenses, and small business activities, along with fertility, pregnancy, and mortality histories. Due to time and cost considerations, detailed questions on credit, some health-related items regarding beliefs, chronic illnesses, and breast-feeding, and detailed questions on crops were not included in the 1983 BMS. Section I, Household Data (Parts 1-32), focused on background information, transportation, environment, morbidity, and health services. Information was gathered about people living in the household six months prior to the survey as well as people who had left the household five years prior to the survey. Expenditure data on schooling were gathered for individuals 6-30 years of age. Marriage and pregnancy histories were elicited from women aged 15-49 along with family planning and birth interval information. Section II, Agriculture/Income/Labor Data (Parts 33-87), posed questions on employment, wages, and hired labor for men, women, and children aged 6-15. Data on coconut, sugar cane, and abaca crop production were also gathered, along with information about livestock and poultry, and extensive data were collected about fishing activities. Fishing boat owners were interviewed, along with capture fisherman who fished both inland and marine waters. The Barangay Survey (Parts 88-96) provided information about characteristics of the barangay in which the respondent lived (a barangay is a political subdivision equivalent to a village in rural areas and to a neighborhood in urban areas), services available in the community, types of social services or practitioners, the availability of public utilities and transportation, different types of organizations present within the barangay, employment conditions, and environmental sanitation conditions.

The purpose of this project was to measure and estimate the distribution of income in both rural and urban areas of the People's Republic of China. The principal investigators based their definition of income on cash payments and on a broad range of additional components: payments in kind valued at market prices, agricultural output produced for self-consumption valued at market prices, the value of ration coupons and other direct subsidies, and the imputed value of housing. The rural component of this collection consists of two data files, one in which the individual is the unit of analysis and a second in which the household is the unit of analysis. Individual rural respondents reported on their employment status, level of education, Communist Party membership, type of employer (e.g., public, private, or foreign), type of economic sector in which employed, occupation, whether they held a second job, retirement status, monthly pension, monthly wage, and other sources of income. Demographic variables include relationship to householder, gender, age, and student status. Rural households reported extensively on the character of the household and residence. Information was elicited on type of terrain surrounding the house, geographic position, type of house, and availability of electricity. Also reported were sources of household income (e.g., farming, industry, government, rents, and interest), taxes paid, value of farm, total amount and type of cultivated land, financial assets and debts, quantity and value of various crops (e.g., grains, cotton, flax, sugar, tobacco, fruits and vegetables, tea, seeds, nuts, lumber, livestock and poultry, eggs, fish and shrimp, wool, honey, and silkworm cocoons), amount of grain purchased or provided by a collective, use of chemical fertilizers, gasoline, and oil, quantity and value of agricultural machinery, and all household expenditures (e.g., food, fuel, medicine, education, transportation, and electricity). The urban component of this collection also consists of two data files, one in which the individual is the unit of analysis and a second in which the household is the unit of analysis. Individual urban respondents reported on their economic status within the household, Communist Party membership, sex, age, nature of employment, and relationship to the household head. Information was collected on all types and sources of income from each member of the household whether working, nonworking, or retired, all revenue received by owners of private or individual enterprises, and all in-kind payments (e.g., food and durable and non-durable goods). Urban households reported total income (including salaries, interest on savings and bonds, dividends, rent, leases, alimony, gifts, and boarding fees), all types and values of food rations received, and total debt. Information was also gathered on household accommodations and living conditions, including number of rooms, total living area in square meters, availability and cost of running water, sanitary facilities, heating and air-conditioning equipment, kitchen availability, location of residence, ownership of home, and availability of electricity and telephone. Households reported on all of their expenditures including amounts spent on food items such as wheat, rice, edible oils, pork, beef and mutton, poultry, fish and seafood, sugar, and vegetables by means of both coupons in state-owned stores and at free market prices. Information was also collected o,n rents paid by the households, fuel available, type of transportation used, and availability and use of medical and child care. The Chinese Household Income Project collected data in 1988, 1995, 2002, and 2007. ICPSR holds data from the first three collections, and information about these can be found on the series description page. Data collected in 2007 are available through the China Institute for Income Distribution.

The purpose of this project was to measure and estimate the distribution of personal income in both rural and urban areas of the People's Republic of China. The principal investigators based their definition of income on cash payments and on a broad range of additional components: payments in kind valued at market prices, agricultural output produced for self-consumption valued at market prices, the value of food and other direct subsidies, and the imputed value of housing services. The rural component of this collection consists of two data files, one in which the individual is the unit of analysis (Part 1) and a second in which the household is the unit of analysis (Part 2). Individual rural respondents reported on their employment status, level of education, Communist Party membership, type of employer (e.g., public, private, or foreign), type of economic sector in which they were employed, occupation, whether they held a second job, retirement status, monthly pension, monthly wage, and other sources of income. Demographic variables include relationship to householder, gender, age, and student status. Rural households reported extensively on the character of the household and residence. Information was elicited on type of terrain surrounding the house, geographic position, type of house, and availability of electricity. Also reported were sources of household income (e.g., farming, industry, government, rents, and interest), taxes paid, value of farm, total amount and type of cultivated land, financial assets and debts, quantity and value of various crops, amount of grain purchased or provided by a collective, use of chemical fertilizers, gasoline, and oil, quantity and value of agricultural machinery, and all household expenditures (e.g., food, fuel, medicine, education, transportation, and electricity). The urban component of this collection also consists of two data files, one in which the individual is the unit of analysis (Part 3) and a second in which the household is the unit of analysis (Part 4). Individual urban respondents reported on their economic status within the household, Communist Party membership, sex, age, nature of employment, and relationship to the household head. Information was collected on all types and sources of income from each member of the household whether working, nonworking, or retired, all revenue received by owners of private or individual enterprises, and all in-kind payments (e.g., food, durable goods, and nondurable goods). Urban households reported total income (including salaries, interest on savings and bonds, dividends, rent, leases, alimony, gifts, and boarding fees), all types and values of food subsidies received, and total debt. Information was also gathered on household accommodations and living conditions, including number of rooms, total living area in square meters, availability and cost of running water, sanitary facilities, heating and air-conditioning equipment, kitchen availability, location of residence, ownership of home, and availability of electricity and telephone. Households reported on all their expenditures including amounts spent on food items such as wheat, rice, edible oils, pork, beef and mutton, poultry, fish and seafood, sugar, and vegetables by means of coupons in state-owned stores and at free market prices. Information was also collected on rents paid by the households, fuel available, type of transportation used, and availability and use of medical and child c,are. The Chinese Household Income Project collected data in 1988, 1995, 2002, and 2007. ICPSR holds data from the first three collections, and information about these can be found on the series description page. Data collected in 2007 are available through the China Institute for Income Distribution.

The purpose of this project was to measure and estimate the distribution of personal income and related economic factors in both rural and urban areas of the People's Republic of China. The principal investigators based their definition of income on cash payments and on a broad range of additional components. Data were collected through a series of questionnaire-based interviews conducted in rural and urban areas at the end of 2002. There are ten separate datasets. The first four datasets were derived from the urban questionnaire. The first contains data about individuals living in urban areas. The second contains data about urban households. The third contains individual-level economic variables copied from the initial urban interview form. The fourth contains household-level economic variables copied from the initial urban interview form. The fifth dataset contains village-level data, which was obtained by interviewing village leaders. The sixth contains data about individuals living in rural areas. The seventh contains data about rural households, as well as most of the data from a social network questionnaire which was presented to rural households. The eighth contains the rest of the data from the social network questionnaire and is specifically about the activities of rural school-age children. The ninth dataset contains data about individuals who have migrated from rural to urban areas, and the tenth dataset contains data about rural-urban migrant households. Dataset 1 contains 151 variables and 20,632 cases (individual urban household members). Dataset 2 contains 88 variables and 6,835 cases (urban households). Dataset 3 contains 44 variables and 27,818 cases, at least 6,835 of which are empty cases used to separate households in the file. The remaining cases from dataset 3 match those in dataset 1. Dataset 4 contains 212 variables and 6,835 cases, which match those in dataset 2. Dataset 5 contains 259 variables and 961 cases (villages). Dataset 6 contains 84 variables and 37,969 cases (individual rural household members). Dataset 7 contains 449 variables and 9,200 cases (rural households). Dataset 8 contains 38 variables and 8,121 cases (individual school-age children). Dataset 9 contains 76 variables and 5,327 cases (individual rural-urban migrant household members). Dataset 10 contains 129 variables and 2,000 cases (rural-urban migrant households). The Chinese Household Income Project collected data in 1988, 1995, 2002, and 2007. ICPSR holds data from the first three collections, and information about these can be found on the series description page. Data collected in 2007 are available through the China Institute for Income Distribution.

This study was conducted in 1953 and 1954 in both urban and rural areas of Puerto Rico. The interviews explored the relationship between husband and wife in questions about family organization and role, degree of intimacy, sexual relations, and satisfaction with the marriage. Further variables probed attitudes toward children: ideal family size, the importance of children in marriage, and parent-child relations. The study also examined the respondents' attitudes toward birth control, knowledge of where to obtain birth control materials, and birth control methods the respondents used. Derived measures include several Guttman scales. Of the total sample, 566 interviews were conducted with wives only, and 322 with husbands and wives together.

China's dramatic economic and educational changes over the past 20 years have stimulated concerns about the education of children in rural areas. Recent empirical studies give evidence of growing disparities in educational opportunities between urban and rural areas and socio-economic and geographic inequities in basic-level educational participation within rural areas. These studies also point to a persisting gender gap in enrollment and to the disproportionate impact of poverty on girls' educational participation (Hannum 1998b; Zhang 1998). This study focused on the influence of poverty on the schooling of 11 to 14 year-old children in rural Gansu, an interior province in Northwest China characterized by high rates of rural poverty and a substantial dropout problem. Substantively, this study was innovative in adopting an integrated approach: it focused on the community, family, and school contexts in which children are educated. Methodologically, the study combined information on children's academic performance and school characteristics, with a household-based sample that allowed examination of the academic experiences of children who have left the education system as well as those who have persisted in it. Finally, the project was the baseline wave for the first large-scale, longitudinal study devoted to education and social inequality conducted in rural China. Results of this study contribute to an understanding of basic social stratification processes and provide insights for developing intervention strategies to improve educational access and effectiveness in rural China. Wave 1 of this study (2000) has been archived and is available for download at ICPSR-DSDR. For information about Waves 2-4 (2004, 2007, 2009), please see the Gansu Survey of Children and Families Web site.

The study involves development and testing of the Counseling Husbands to Achieve Reproductive health and Marital equity (CHARM) Program. In Phase 1, the project conducts in-depth interviews with rural young husbands (N=30), rural young wives (N=20), and health care providers (N=12), as well as focus groups with mothers of rural young husbands (N=40). Phase 2 involves development and pilot testing of CHARM protocols and training of volunteer health professionals (VHPs) for their role in the intervention trial. In Phase 3, villages (N=50) are randomized to receive either CHARM or the control program (standard FP referral to government public health centers [PHCs] located outside of villages), to assess treatment impact on spacing contraceptive use, pregnancy, and unmet family planning needs. Intervention effects are assessed via behavioral surveys collected on hand-held computers (PDAs) with rural young husbands (18-30 years) and their wives (N=1500 couples, 30 couples per village) at baseline and 6, 12, and 18 month follow-up, as well as pregnancy tests from wives, conducted at baseline and 18 month follow-up.

This data collection provides information on the characteristics of 1,194 Michigan families in rural places, towns and villages, and the urban areas of Detroit in 1850 and 1880. Data are provided on the geographic location of each household and type of locale, total number of residents in the household, and total number of children of the head of each household. Demographic variables provide information on age, race, place of birth, and occupation of the household head and their spouse, place of birth of father and mother of the household head and of their spouse, sex of the household head and their children, and age of the children. Additional variables provide information on the number of children listed as unemployed, the number of parents or parents-in-law of the household head residing in the household, the number of other related adults aged 14 and older, other related children aged 14 and younger living in the household, the number of servants or employees in the household, and the number of boarders or roomers in the household.

This study contains election and census data for 732 Norwegian communes in the period 1949-1961. Election returns are available for the elections of 1949, 1953, 1957, and 1961. In addition, data from the censuses of 1950 and 1960 are presented, including information on demography, education, modernization, the economy, and occupational structure, and contextual information about clusters of neighboring communes. Data are provided on the total number of registered voters and the total number of votes cast for the Norwegian Communist Party, the Norwegian Labour Party, the Liberal Party (Venstre), the Christian People's Party, the Agrarian Party (the Centre Party), the Conservative Party (Hoyre), and other political parties. Additional variables provide information on age and educational levels for males and females, the total number of economically active population employed in agriculture, forestry, fisheries, manufacturing, and construction, the total value of industrial production, and the total number of private households and occupied housing units.

The Health Insurance Experiment (HIE) was conducted from 1974 to 1982 in six sites across the country: Dayton, Ohio, Seattle, Washington, Fitchburg-Leominster and Franklin County, Massachusetts, and Charleston and Georgetown County, South Carolina. These sites represent four census regions (Midwest, West, Northeast, and South), as well as urban and rural areas. The HIE attempted to determine what effects alternative cost-sharing plans and a staff-model Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) had on the use of medical services and individual health outcomes. The main purpose of the experiment was to assess how the cost of health services affected individuals' use of services, their satisfaction with health care, the quality of their care, and the state of their health. To study the effects of health insurance coverage, a comprehensive method for measuring health and monitoring changes in health over time was developed. Health status was seen as having four dimensions: physical, mental, social, and physiological. Physical health focused on five categories of activities: self-care, mobility, exertion, role fulfillment, and leisure pursuits. Mental health focused on mood and anxiety disorders along with loss of control over feelings, thoughts, and behavior. Social health was assessed by the frequency of several kinds of participation, interaction, and resources, covering family and home, social life, and community involvement. Physiologic health was determined by looking at a number of physical disorders both in adults (aged 14 to 61) and children (aged 0 to 13) that would be easily traced over time and would be responsive to changes in the level and quality of medical care. For adults, acne, congestive heart failure, and sleeping pill and tranquilizer use were considered. For children, variables included allergic conditions (asthma, eczema, hay fever), anemia, middle ear disease, hearing impairment, and vision impairment. Also included were general health measures based on single questions about health-related pain and worry, and a rating of health (excellent, good, fair, poor). Health habits described aspects of smoking, consumption of alcohol, weight, height, and exercise.

This data collection examines the economic and occupational changes experienced over a 25-year period by families living in Sugao, a village in the state of Maharashtra, India. The residents of this village were surveyed in 1942 and 1958 to uncover aspects of their daily lives and again in 1977 to explore more fully the effects of the economic attraction of Bombay, an industrialized metropolis 150 miles away, on village life. Data were collected at both the individual and family levels. Respondents were queried on such topics as caste, gender, age, marital status, education, residence, primary, secondary, and tertiary occupations, location of occupation, years employed at occupation, income, work habits, and job classification. Families reported on their size and composition, members living outside the village, economic relationships with others, acquisition, size, and construction of housing unit, and home improvements. Information was also gathered on family income sources and, in particular, on the amount of money and goods remitted to the village by family members living and working in Bombay. Agricultural issues explored include family labor provided for farming, amount of irrigated and non-irrigated land, productivity of the land, and the type, number, and location of livestock.

This study contains data on the social structure of Argentina in 1965. Principal variables in the study cover the active population and its occupational segments, extent of commerce, industry, and rural development, production per capita, density of population, illiteracy, family size, and agricultural production. Derived measures include indices of rural occupational stability, dependency within the urban middle class, and rural landowners.

This survey was designed to provide information on the Russian family in terms of the economic and social change experienced during the process of democratization. The survey covered urban and rural areas of Russia. The Moscow data were collected between February and November 1996, while respondents from the rural regions of Saratov and Pskov were interviewed February-March 1996 and February-April 1996, respectively. Adults aged 18 to 60 years were asked through face-to-face interviews for their views on their relationship with their spouse or cohabitating partner, including relative status, perceived marital/relationship quality, and perceived verbal and physical abuse, as well as generational differences with respect to gender attitudes and marital relationships. Cohabitating respondents were asked the same questions as married respondents, in these cases, reference was made to the partner instead of the spouse and to their relationship rather than marriage. Respondents were asked to describe their views, as well as those of their spouse or partner and of society in general, regarding women working outside the home, marital decision-making, and gender traits. Those queried also commented on their satisfaction with the division of labor in their marriage or cohabitating relationship, included housekeeping, managing family finances, earning income, raising children, and caring for parents. Married and previously married respondents were asked about their marital history, including age at first marriage, while separated, divorced, and widowed respondents were asked when and for what reason(s) their union ended. Additional topics covered attitudes towards divorce and alcohol use, the amount of conflict present in the marriage or relationship, the presence of verbal and/or physical abuse, verbal and/or physical abuse experienced from parents, family background, and description of the residence. The spouses or cohabitating partners of primary respondents were also interviewed, as well as one adult child of each primary respondent with adult children in the Moscow area sample. Only female respondents answered questions regarding domestic violence in their marriage or cohabitating relationship. Demographic variables included age, sex, marital status, number of children, employment status, religious affiliation, household income, education level, health status, alcohol usage, and occupation, as well as the sex and age of the respondent's children and household members.

Founded in 1999, the Center for Homicide Research has made it its mission to increase case solvability and decrease the occurrence of homicide incidents. In working toward this goal, the Center has put together various databases of national homicide incidents. The Church Shooting Database uses online newspaper archive articles to document all cases of shootings on church property within the United States from 1980-2005. While extensive studies have been done exploring the details of other public shootings such as school campuses and workplaces, the phenomenon of shootings in churches has been left relatively untouched. Taking into account variables about the offenders, victims, and circumstances of each shooting, the database attempts to describe each incident as well as explore how the church context may play a role in the shooting.