Dynamics of Change in the Criminal Case Plea Bargaining System: New York City, 1800-1890 (ICPSR 6501)

Published: Jan 12, 2006

Cite this Study |

Principal Investigator(s):
Chester L. Mirsky, New York University. School of Law; Edelle Ortese, New York University. School of Law

https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR06501.v1

Version V1

Summary

This study analyzes the ascendancy of a single form of dispute processing--the guilty plea--in New York City's principal indictment court, and its connection to law enforcement, judges, and lawyers. A major component of the study is a statistical analysis of data presented in the Minute Book of Court of General Sessions and maintained at the New York City Archives. A second data source is the New York City district attorney's case files, also maintained at the New York City Archives. Part 1, District Attorney Case File Data, contains a sample of cases throughout the century taken from the district attorney's files. Variables cover charge filed, method of arrest, nature of testimony, presence of the lawyers, role of police, private prosecutor, and magistrate, and demographic information about the defendant and victim. Part 2, Lawyer Data, records the frequency of the appearance of individual lawyers, the charges in the cases in which they appeared, the lawyering activities they undertook, and the method of case disposition. Part 3, Minute Book Data, reflects the workday of the Court of General Sessions, including the number of cases processed in court on any given day, the number of defendants tried, the details of charges, joinder, witness examinations, outcome and sentence, and the number pleading guilty. Part 4, Cases Tried Data, not only records cases tried but also includes the top count, legal representation, result, and sentence, and for cases pleading guilty contains the top count charged, top count accepted, and sentence imposed. District Attorney Reference Data, Part 5, contains cases in which copies of the district attorney's papers were not found. These cases occurred on the same day as cases for which copies of the district attorney's papers were recorded. This data served as a control group for the District Attorney Case File Data.

Citation

Mirsky, Chester L., and Ortese, Edelle. Dynamics of Change in the Criminal Case Plea Bargaining System:  New York City, 1800-1890. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2006-01-12. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR06501.v1

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Funding

National Science Foundation. Law and Social Sciences Program (SES-9010178)

Subject Terms

Geographic Coverage

Time Period(s)

1800 -- 1890

Date of Collection

1990 -- 1993

Sample

Sampling varied with each dataset. For the District Attorney Case File Data and District Attorney Reference Data, data were drawn from sources every fifth year, beginning in 1800 and continuing until 1879, at 30-day intervals. For the Lawyer Data, data were sampled every five years beginning in 1800 and continuing through 1890. For the Minute Book Data and the Cases Tried Data, the interval used was every ten years beginning in 1800 and continuing through 1890.

Universe

Nineteenth-century criminal cases that originated in New York City's Special Sessions Court and proceeded to indictment in the Court of General Sessions.

Data Source

official records

Data Type(s)

event/transaction data and administrative records data

Original Release Date

1996-02-26

Version Date

2006-01-12

Version History

2005-11-04 On 2005-03-14 new files were added to one or more datasets. These files included additional setup files as well as one or more of the following: SAS program, SAS transport, SPSS portable, and Stata system files. The metadata record was revised 2005-11-04 to reflect these additions.

2006-01-12 All files were removed from dataset 11 and flagged as study-level files, so that they will accompany all downloads.

Notes

  • The public-use data files in this collection are available for access by the general public. Access does not require affiliation with an ICPSR member institution.

  • The citation of this study may have changed due to the new version control system that has been implemented.
NACJD logo

This dataset is maintained and distributed by the National Archive of Criminal Justice Data (NACJD), the criminal justice archive within ICPSR. NACJD is primarily sponsored by three agencies within the U.S. Department of Justice: the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the National Institute of Justice, and the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.