Impact of Foreclosures on Neighborhood Crime in Five Cities in the United States, 2002-2011 (ICPSR 34978)
Version Date: Oct 31, 2016 View help for published
Principal Investigator(s): View help for Principal Investigator(s)
Ingrid Gould Ellen, New York University
https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR34978.v1
Version V1
Summary View help for Summary
These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they there received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except of the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompany readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collections and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed.
The purpose of the study was to examine whether and how foreclosures affect neighborhood crime in five cities in the United States. Point-specific crime data was provide by the New York (New York) Police Department, the Chicago (Illinois) Police Department, the Miami (Florida) Police Department, the Philadelphia (Pennsylvania) Police Department, and the Atlanta (Georgia) Police Department. Researchers also created measures of violent and property crimes based on Uniform Crime Report (UCR) categories, and a measure of public order crime, which includes less serious offenses including loitering, prostitution, drug crimes, graffiti, and weapons offenses. Researchers obtained data on the number of foreclosure notices (Lis Pendens) filed, the number of Lis Pendens filed that do not become real estate owned (REO), and number of REO properties from court fillings, mortgage deeds and tax assessor's offices.
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Geographic Coverage View help for Geographic Coverage
Smallest Geographic Unit View help for Smallest Geographic Unit
block-face
Restrictions View help for Restrictions
Access to these data is restricted. Users interested in obtaining these data must complete a Restricted Data Use Agreement, specify the reason for the request, and obtain IRB approval or notice of exemption for their research.
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Data Collection Notes View help for Data Collection Notes
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These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they there received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except of the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompany readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collections and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed.
Study Purpose View help for Study Purpose
The purpose of the study was to examine whether and how foreclosures affect neighborhood crime in five cities in the United States.
Study Design View help for Study Design
Point-specific crime data was provide by the police departments from the following:
Researchers also created measures of violent and property crimes based on Uniform Crime Report (UCR) categories, and a measure of public order crime, which includes less serious offenses including loitering, prostitution, drug crimes, graffiti, and weapons offenses.
Variation in the foreclosure and data collection processes across states translated into differences in the foreclosure measures available in each state. In judicial states, courts collect data on foreclosure fillings. In non-judicial states like Georgia, courts do not gather data on foreclosure notices. The only available data in Atlanta are foreclosure auctions and sales out of real estate owned (REO), which come from the Fulton County Tax Assessors Office. Researchers obtain those data for the years 2002-2011. For the four other cities, researchers obtained information on the number of properties that became REO following a foreclosure auctions from mortgage deeds or assessor's offices. New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia also provide information about the timing of the foreclosure notice.
Additional data were collected on foreclosures in New York City. First, researchers obtained a count of the total number of properties on a blockface that entered foreclosure in the prior eighteen months, a measure called "cumulative foreclosure starts". Second, researchers constructed a measure of "active foreclosures", which captured the number of properties that remain in the foreclosure process. Researchers assumed a property in the foreclosure process if it met one of the three criteria: a) it has received a foreclosure notice (lis pendens) within the last 18 months and has not resold to a new owner; b) it received a foreclosure notice more than 18 months ago, but will be put for auction in the future; or c) it was under lender ownership (REO status) after going through a foreclosure auction. Finally, researchers also identified one particular subset of active foreclosures: those properties that either will go to auction or have already gone to auction and have to revert to lender ownership, or REO status.
Sample View help for Sample
Not applicable.
Time Method View help for Time Method
Universe View help for Universe
All instances of reported crime and property foreclosures in New York, New York, Chicago, Illinois, Atlanta, Georgia, Miami, Florida, and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania between 2002 and 2011.
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Description of Variables View help for Description of Variables
The Five City Data (City5_Ct data, 21 variables, n = 79,096) includes county and census tract identifiers, number of crimes, number of violent crimes, number of property crimes, number of public order crimes, number of foreclosures, number of real estate owned (REO) properties, number of foreclosures that will become REO, and dummy variables for each city (Atlanta, Chicago, New York, Miami, and Philadelphia).
The New York City longitudinal crime and foreclosure data are divided into six data files:
Response Rates View help for Response Rates
Not applicable
Presence of Common Scales View help for Presence of Common Scales
None
HideOriginal Release Date View help for Original Release Date
2016-10-31
Version History View help for Version History
- Gould Ellen, Ingrid. Impact of Foreclosures on Neighborhood Crime in Five Cities in the United States, 2002-2011. ICPSR34978-v1. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2016-10-31. http://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR34978.v1
Notes
These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed.
The public-use data files in this collection are available for access by the general public. Access does not require affiliation with an ICPSR member institution.
One or more files in this data collection have special restrictions. Restricted data files are not available for direct download from the website; click on the Restricted Data button to learn more.
This dataset is maintained and distributed by the National Archive of Criminal Justice Data (NACJD), the criminal justice archive within ICPSR. NACJD is primarily sponsored by three agencies within the U.S. Department of Justice: the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the National Institute of Justice, and the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.