21st Century Americanism: Nationally Representative Survey of the United States Population, 2004 (ICPSR 27601)

Version Date: Apr 2, 2015

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Principal Investigator(s):
Deborah Schildkraut, Tufts University; Ashley Grosse, Washington State University. Social and Economic Sciences Research Center

https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR27601.v3

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Summary

The 21st Century Americanism survey was conducted to study (1) the multidimensional nature of American identity ("Americanism"); (2) resentment among Whites toward immigrants, Latinos, and Asians, fueled by perceptions that these groups violate the cherished norms that constitute American identity ("symbolic nativism"); (3) how perceptions of discrimination affect the process of "becoming American" among ethnic minorities ("reactive ethnicity"); and (4) the relationships among these issues and public opinion on policies that address ethnic change. The data collection began in July 2004 and was completed by October 2004. This nationally representative random-digit dial telephone survey has 2,800 respondents and includes oversamples of Blacks, Latinos, and Asians in the United States. It contains questions that allow for the examination of the causes and consequences of two facets of American identity: (1) how people define the normative content of American identity ("identity content"); and (2) the extent to which people think of themselves primarily as American rather than primarily as a member of a pan-ethnic (i.e., Latino or Asian) or national origin group ("identity attachment"). The survey can be used to test hypotheses regarding whether the alleged traditional consensus on what it means to be American is breaking down, or whether people are increasingly rejecting an American identity and instead prioritizing pan-ethnic or national origin identities. It can also be used to examine how these aspects of one's identity affect political attitudes and behaviors, such as trust in government, voting, and one's sense of obligation to the national community. Demographic variables include gender, age, country of origin, United States citizenship status, race, Hispanic origin, and language and educational attainment. Variables focusing on economic characteristics include employment status and household income.

Citation

Schildkraut, Deborah, and Grosse, Ashley. 21st Century Americanism: Nationally Representative Survey of the United States Population, 2004. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2015-04-02. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR27601.v3

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Funding

Russell Sage Foundation (Project # 88-04-03)

Subject Terms

Geographic Coverage

Smallest Geographic Unit

ZIP code

Restrictions

This study contains both a public and a restricted version. The restricted version contains full FIPS codes, ZIP codes, ADI (Area of Dominant Media Influence) codes, DMA (Designated Market Area) codes, MSA (Metropolitan Statistical Area) codes, CBSA (Core Base Statistical Area) codes, and CITY variables. Users interested in obtaining these data must complete an Agreement for the Use of Confidential Data, specify the reasons for the request, and obtain IRB approval or notice of exemption for their research. Apply for access to these data through the ICPSR Restricted Data Contract Portal, which can be accessed via the study home page.

Distributor(s)

Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research
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Time Period(s)

2004-07-12 -- 2004-10-08

Date of Collection

2004-07-12 -- 2004-10-08
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Study Purpose

This research enables a better understanding of the complex nature of American identity.

Study Design

The final script contained 116 questions, 11 of which had open-ended response components to them. The survey was aimed at ten survey objectives: (1) identification of the proper respondent, (2) United States residency and country of origin, (3) opinions about immigration and immigration policies, (4) opinions on what makes a true American, (5) language policy in the United States, (6) knowledge of American government, (7) obligations of American citizens, (8) fear of terrorism, (9) discrimination, and (10) demographic questions.

Sample

Random-digit dial supplemented with an oversample of Blacks, Latinos, and Asians. The oversamples were generated through a combination of procedures. The primary procedure involved using the 2000 Census to draw samples stratified by region, urbanicity, and minority density. Areas were categorized as "high density" if Blacks, Latinos, or Asians made up 31 percent to 50 percent of the population in a telephone exchange area and as "medium density" if these groups made up 20 percent to 30 percent of the population. A high and medium density sample was drawn for each group. After six weeks in the field, the Asian American samples were supplemented with a sample of Asian surnames due to higher than expected non-contacts. More sampling information can be found in the ICPSR-generated codebook (Appendix: Sampling Information).

Universe

Nationally representative random-digit dial telephone survey in the United States plus oversamples of Blacks, Latinos, and Asians.

Unit(s) of Observation

individual

Data Type(s)

Mode of Data Collection

Response Rates

The cooperation rate, the ratio of interviews to interviews plus refusals, was 31.2 percent.

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Original Release Date

2010-05-10

Version History

2018-02-15 The citation of this study may have changed due to the new version control system that has been implemented. The previous citation was:
  • Schildkraut, Deborah, and Ashley Grosse. 21st Century Americanism: Nationally Representative Survey of the United States Population, 2004. ICPSR27601-v3. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2015-04-02. http://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR27601.v3

2015-04-02 Missing values allocations have been standardized for the public and restricted versions of this study.

2010-05-13 The ICPSR Restricted Data Use Agreement has been added to the collection and is available for download in the Public-Use version of the data.

2010-05-10 ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection:

  • Performed consistency checks.
  • Created variable labels and/or value labels.
  • Standardized missing values.
  • Created online analysis version with question text.
  • Performed recodes and/or calculated derived variables.
  • Checked for undocumented or out-of-range codes.
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Weight

There are two weighting variables for the sample. The first weight variable (POP_WT) weights each respondent according to his or her self-identified race so that results from the entire sample can be generalized to the United States population as a whole. The second weight variable (POP_WT2) weights cases by the proportion of the race/ethnicity population, based on the 2000 Census, in the general population. More weighting information can be found in the ICPSR-generated codebook (Appendix: Weighting Information).

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Notes

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This study is provided by Resource Center for Minority Data (RCMD).