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A > @ @ AL.06 ?2$r@c5 -EEb$I7j>Eb$:gY" ҈S2 h @T 0AA@f@*& ʚ;?(ʚ;g4jdjd\F 0ppp@ <4dddd4k 0hF <4BdBd4l 0h$g4YdYdF 0p@ pp<4!d!d4k 0hF80___PPT10 pp?  %O  =0Hold on! 0The great dataset movie (a story of herded cats)1P1 1@=Plan * Introduction The movie Issues and puzzles +AHBCThe background  MetaDater project: creating metadata structures accounting for the production of repeated cross-national datasets The CSDI: create better documentation of the cross-national programs The DDI: building metadata structures supporting the identification of comparable data@eAP D>The challenges Support the life-cycle (long term) Definition of the research program Creation of the research instrument (multilingual) Completing the field work Processing data and metadata Distributing data and metadata Repurposing & <#ZZ   NNThe challenges (Economy in metadata capture and management Normal form Re-use information by reference Copy information for edition in the case it is just  varying b+j#: E?The challenges Best documentation of: Relationships between the studies involved Series of questions and variables Possible variations within series The construction of new variables for harmonization L  The challenges Document by doing! Data are handled from within the metadata system Documentation of the operations is largely a byproduct of doing them Corrections on data file Variable construction Defining harmonized variables Computation of harmonized variables Pvqvq FBThe challenges To support& analysis of the variations among simple datasets to be integrated or cumulated integration of country datasets, cumulation of waves and cumulation of integrated datasets publication of metadata at any stagev  G  0  G@The challenges Make several forms of metadata publication possible: The sets of datasets (country DS or waves) as they are collected The integrated dataset (space), the cumulated dataset (time)85&  HAThe challenges ~Make several forms of metadata publication possible: The sets of datasets (country DS or waves) as they are collected & full navigable documentation The integrated dataset (space), the cumulated dataset (time) & all documentation drawn from the single datasets and harmonization operations into a synthetic presentation~5ZAZZ=ZnZ& A=n  @SO !"$!%"&#'$)&*'+(,)-*.+/,0-1.2/3041527398:9=:>;?<   yv{x|w     }yVRWSXTYUZV[X]Z^]bbccddgghhkillmjnkompnqo~z|{~}JGOMvrwsxtUQPLKIAbstract conceptual model 8Reference case: All operations handled with one instance of the application under one single authority Real life cases: Coordination group and local implementers Changes in organization over time Extension: multiple authors& working on a single system wording on communicating systemsZWZZLZZ<ZWL<  LJLevels Some of the mechanisms have been tested in a SIDOS owned prototype (series of questions and variables). Studies and datasets of various types, depending on their level in the structure (higher level objects composed of lower level objects) MKReference or inheritance? DDI V 3.0 introduces a grouping structure Association? Composition? Inheritance (with local override)? (o-o thinking) Relational data model References Combination of both ways of thinking? More detailed analysis necessary*ZMZZ Z'Z!Z*M '!  sq/   0` 33` Sf3f` 33g` f` www3PP` ZXdbmo` \ғ3y`Ӣ` 3f3ff` 3f3FKf` hk]wwwfܹ` ff>>\`Y{ff` R>&- {p_/̴>?" dd@,|?" dd@   " @ ` n?" dd@   @@``PR    @ ` ` p>> (    6XF  `} F B Click to edit Master title style!  0@F  ` F RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!      00F ^ ` F X*  0(F ^  F Z*  0F ^ ` F Z*H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.6`@ Default Design 0  (    05F P   F >*   0;F    F @* d  c $ ?  F  04F  0 F RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!      60>F _P  F >*   6F _  F @* H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.ub  0  v(  r  S   r  S ` p  |  <p :\ Screenplay and direction: Reto Hadorn Production: SIDOS and EU (MetaDater project) Co-production: DDI, CSDI, ICRC, Swiss household panel First show: 2005 IASSIST festival Edinburgh, 27 May 2005 Status: Conference draft h  C @A(Kopf_seite1-v2_kurz[ V  S .ASidos04H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.6``E+D=' = @B +}  0 4$(  4r 4 S `% `}   r 4 S , `  H 4 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.az'K+D=' = @B +g 0 ~v`(  ` ` Ht)  ^ Introduction  (  H ` 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.a+D=' = @B +C 0 ZR (    0t"`, S H This show is part of a bundle of documents, which describe in abstract terms the handling of the single datasets in the context of a repeated comparative study. This bundle includes: text diagram this movie. The stance is that the whole story is not a complicated one, as far as the definitions of the involved objects are precise and one problem is handled at a time. Yet the communication of abstract ideas is not unproblematic. Starting with a textual description of the construct, the presentation has been expanded to a diagram supposed to include all aspects and, since that diagram is unfortunately static, with the present movie, in which the diagram is built up step by step. The movie has been conceived at the start for a presentation of the issue at the 2005 ISSIST Conference in Edinburgh. A meeting of the Expert group of the DDI-Alliance has take place just before the congress itself, where a  grouping concept was presented, which was discussed in depth in the  comparative datasets working group and& several informal and casual meetings. The discussions have shown how important a clear presentation of the relationships between the elements of the so called  repeated comparative study are. This was an additional motivation for making a more  didactical presentation of the whole story..-Q-%  %  0"`, 9  *It remains that the ideas presented here are especially related to the MetaDater project, which needs a metadata model to put it in action, and to the SIDOS prototype for a variable level relational database, where relationships between questions and variables belonging to various country datasets (cross-national studies) or waves (panel study) were tested. Efforts were made to keep all three documents consistent. Some inconsistencies may nevertheless subsist, since they have all their own  story , being partly developed in distinct contexts. To have a full view of the issue, it is recommended to refer to all three documents cited above and, in addition, to the following ones: Workflow diagram for new questions Description of dataset selection process description of question typology (2 documents). Let s now turn back to the presentation.J'----*-Z  ZH  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.c"+D=' = @B +}  0 PL$(  Lr L S  `}   r L S  `  H L 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.a0DI+D=' = @B +}  0 8$(  8r 8 S P `}   r 8 S ( `  H 8 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.ai+D=' = @B +  0 0x0(  xx x c $< `}   x x c $d `  H x 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.ai+D=' = @B +}  0 <$(  <r < S  `}   r < S  `  H < 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.a<ֿ+D=' = @B +  0 @(0(  (x ( c $4E `}   x ( c $E `  H ( 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.a<ֿ+D=' = @B +}  0 @H$(  Hr H S XK `}   r H S 0L `  H H 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.a+D=' = @B +}  0  @$(  @r @ S \T `}   r @ S 4U `  H @ 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.ad+D=' = @B +  0 0D0(  Dx D c $H] `}   x D c $ ^ `%  H D 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.ad+D=' = @B +, 0 C;@|(  |j | S A ??"?  | H. j z& so we need a good model for the project-study relationschip!                      <9. Y BSurvey of teachers    <>.  x BSurvey of parents    <P.  Y  @Survey of pupils LB   c $DgPLB  c $Ds s LB @ c $DSH  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.6``E+D=' = @B +R  0 i a  (    6dV. 4 9   Concepts Data schema Sample Data!!P       6\. 0 TF   Concepts Data schema Sample Data!!P       <_. Gn uCThe overall concepts would be expressed on the level of the projectC   6|d. # 6   Concepts Data schema Sample Data!!P       <k.  9Study X  0   <n.  ;Project    <r. j z& so we need a good model for the project-study relationschip!                      <|. Y BSurvey of teachers    <4.  x BSurvey of parents    <.  Y  @Survey of pupils LB   c $DgPLB  c $Ds s LB @ c $DS  <Ȋ. ( m P Overall concepts and methodology  H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.6``E+D=' = @B + 0 B(    6. 4 9   Concepts Data schema Sample Data!!P       6ؔ. 0 TF   Concepts Data schema Sample Data!!P        <. G n This is already a bit complicated, so let s forget about the project..                    6С. # 6   Concepts Data schema Sample Data!!P       <T.  9Study X  0   <.  ;Project H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.6``E+D=' = @B +x 0 (    60. 4 9   Concepts Data schema Sample Data!!P       6. 0 TF   Concepts Data schema Sample Data!!P       6. # 6   Concepts Data schema Sample Data!!P       <X.  9Study H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.6``E+D=' = @B + 0 k(    6t. 4 9   Concepts Data schema Sample Data!!P       6. 0 TF   Concepts Data schema Sample Data!!P       6. # 6   Concepts Data schema Sample Data!!P       <.  9Study D  <^ A z 4Let s keep just one study&          H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.6``E+D=' = @B + 0 ?(    60. # 6   Concepts Data schema Sample Data!!P       <.  9Study D  <b A z 4Let s keep just one study&          H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.6``E+D=' = @B + 0 W(    6`. # 6   Concepts Data schema Sample Data!!P       < .  9Study \  <de  z L& but let it be a cross-national study:          H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.6``E+D=' = @B + 0 &(    6</ # 6   Concepts Data schema Sample Data!!P       < /   tStudy (cross-national)B    \  <0h  z L& but let it be a cross-national study:            <`/  n   (& we need more space!l       H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.6``E+D=' = @B + 0  (    6/ /dI  Concepts Data schema Sample Data!!P       <j7 dCross-national study4   \  <"/   z L& but let it be a cross-national study:          H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.6``E+D=' = @B + 0 0.(    6dߜ/dI %? Concepts Data schema Sample Data &&P       <7 dCross-national study4     <d z What happens to the contents?^       H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.6``E+D=' = @B + 0 @(    6|*/ /dI } Sample Data 4     <l7 dCross-national study4   J  <0/ 7z ,Concepts and data schema belong to the Study             <7/ <# uConcepts, Data schema&  RB  s *D H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.6``E+D=' = @B +c 0 zrP (    6?/ /dI } Sample Data 4     <C/ 7 dCross-national study4   D  <|H/ 7s' In a cross-national study, on compares sets of data collected on distinct samples, specific to each country   <M/ <# WConcepts, Data schema&  H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.6``E+D=' = @B +  0 ` z(    6>/ /dI R    <T/ 7 dCross-national study4     <Y/ 7c z \Fine. Let s call those sets of data  datasets .   <hw<# WConcepts, Data schema&    <_/ t  m Sample Data  &    <d/  9  m Sample Data  &    <i/ /:< qDataset Country 1&     <n/ /q s qDataset Country 2&   Q  <s/ :6 3Now, the samples are distinct, but must be similar:          H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.6``E+D=' = @B + 0   (  N  <y7 We have starte with the study, say, the DDI-study, and we have now three main objects, which must be desinguished because of the more complex relationships in a complex study:   </ O6  7Project   <H/ >\ @ %  5Study   <h/ >V%  7Dataset XB  0D:RB   s *D    <̌/ Q 3m:n    </  C 3n:1 H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.e`CI  0   p W (    6/ /dI R    <(/ 7 dCross-national study4     </ 7' .So we need a sample type on study level, which prescribes what the samples should be:v                     H       !  <l/ <I  #Concepts, Data schema, Sample type$ P       <P/ t  i Sample Data  &    <,/  9  i Sample Data  &    <Ժ/ /:6 SDataset Country 1&     <d/ /q m SDataset Country 2&   t  </ * :Will country 2 really strictly conform to the data schema?             H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.6``E+D=' = @B +  0    o (    6/ /dI R    6/  9  :   <x/ 7 dCross-national study4     <L/ 7z zWell& more or less; sometimes less. They have their own view:                    </ <I  #Concepts, Data schema, Sample typeP       </ t  i Sample Data  &    </ / f  i Sample Data  &    <D/ /:6 SDataset Country 1&     < (    6@0 /dI R    <0 /m i SDataset Country 1&     <l0 7 dCross-national study4     <0  )  i Sample Data  &  %  <0 <  ?Concepts, Data schema standard, Sample type, Coordination work^          < 0   SDataset Country 2&      <서T  QCountry 2 Study&      <l0  *+ *Concepts, Data schema, Implementation work^      RB @ s *D /  6x0  ,  : 2  <0 z7Ka 0Represent the data schema standard as a dataset:z           <0 7S z %Clean some space to put the standard:l          <0 "f  i Sample Data  &    <0   SDataset Country 2&   H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.6``E+D=' = @B +  0 %   (    6p0 /dI R    <0  )  i Sample Data  &    <0 /m i SDataset Country 1&     60  ,  :   <L0 7S ' gSThe definition of the standard data schema has the same structure type as a dataset                    <0 <  )Concepts, Sample type, Coordination workB       <0 t  m Data schema  &    <0 "f  i Sample Data  &    <0 /:6 $Dataset  standard &     <0   SDataset Country 2&     <h0  *+ *Concepts, Data schema, Implementation work^      RB @ s *D /RB @ s *D pRB  s *D   H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.6``E+D=' = @B +  0   p C (    6<0 /dI R    <2  )  i Sample Data  &    <@2 /m i SDataset Country 1&     6@ 2  ,  : a  <2 7  QCharacteristics: Country name = Standard Refered to by other country datasets             <2 <  )Concepts, Sample type, Coordination workB       <2 t  m Data schema  &     <L2 "f  i Sample Data  &     <t2 /:6 $Dataset  standard &      <$2   SDataset Country 2&      <P)2  *+ *Concepts, Data schema, Implementation work^      RB  @ s *D /RB @ s *D pRB  s *D   H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.6``E+D=' = @B + 0 ^(    6402 /dI R    <32  )  i Sample Data  &    <:2 /m i SDataset Country 1&     6| ,  : k  <D2 7s  {The sample type, previously defined on study level, migrates to the standard dataset definition as part of the data schemah                               <؍< ^Concepts, Coordination work&    <O2 t  Sample type Data definition4       <U2 "f  i Sample Data  &    <Y2 /: pDataset standard&     < a2   SDataset Country 2&     <e2  *+ *Concepts, Data schema, Implementation work^      RB  @ s *D /(  <m2 * ~Now, we still have to go deeper into it& forget of the studies!"                     RB @ s *D pRB  s *D   H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.6``E+D=' = @B +'  0 >6 (    <u2  )  i Sample Data  &    <w2 /m i SDataset Country 1&     < |2 7S ' KSThe definition of the standard data schema Has the same structure type as a dataset                  <2 t  Sample type Data definition4       <@"f  i Sample Data  &    <42 /: pDataset standard&     <2   SDataset Country 2&   RB @ s *D pRB  s *D   H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.6``E+D=' = @B + 0  (    <쒜 )  i Sample Data  &    <L/m i SDataset Country 1&     <2 t  Sample type Data definition4       <2 "f  i Sample Data  &    <2 /: pDataset standard&     <İ2   SDataset Country 2&   h  <,2 *.  JForget even of the country datasets& .           RB  @ s *D pRB  s *D   H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.6``E+D=' = @B +Q 0 h`  (    <2 t  Sample type Data definition4       <ܿ2 /: pDataset standard&      <2 * q?The sample type belongs to the dataset standard as a framework:? H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.6``E+D=' = @B +' 0 >60(     6p2 t  Q    <Ęt  >   <2 /: pDataset standard&   q   < 2 *6 MNow, forget of the dataset standard, just concentrate on the data definition:                62 CM V  aData definition   <2 26 Y Sample type   ,  <42 7z The data definition appears to be the  content of the dataset standardG H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.6``E+D=' = @B + 0  (  q  <l*6 MNow, forget of the dataset standard, just concentrate on the data definition:                62 CM V  aData definition ,  <2 7z The data definition appears to be the  content of the dataset standardG H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.6``E+D=' = @B + 0  Y(    <2 * V&& and look into it:   6CM V  >   <3 ?x& ?Data definition H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.6``E+D=' = @B +  0 $0 (     63 t  Q    < 3 GS QData definition&   H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.6`1+D=' = @B +  0    M (    63 t  Y Variable      < 3  ZQuestion    <p3  ? Textual definition4       <p3 p   $Description of Construction process%%B     *  <#3   .Source -Questionnaire Registry Data repository*-(B     RB  s *DZZRB  s *D RB   s *D  =   <-3 MF 3Authority -Researcher Administration Data collector*- *P           <l53 (: In a survey, the most basic definition is the question. Let s concentrate on it.                    <?3 :  {A variable needs a definitionB      H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.6`1+D=' = @B +  0 # (    6B3 t  Y Variable      <E3  <Question RB  s *DZZ   <M3 (: The most complex question structure is the generic case, from which Simpler forms can be obtained in a process of simplification:    <Q3 :r QYQuestions may have various structures, which must be replicated in the database structure                      <Z3 2m z  RdSimple question Items question Multiple response By answer instance By answer category Grid question01&--e(             H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.6`1+D=' = @B +V  0 m e   (      <4g3 (:  ,& and make it a symbol:@    d   <|l3 :r So let s take a representation of a question with some complexity to represent the generic questionc    6f3 t  Q     <t3 i <Question    <Pw3 1   \ Variable 1      <{3    \ Variable 2      <3    \ Variable 3   LB   c $D * LB   c $D6 * 6 LB   c $D *     <43 2m z  H Items question Multiple response By answer instance By answer category ,"&--I~          H   0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.6`1+D=' = @B +  0   ,(  , , < 3 (:  ,& and even more simple:P       , 63 t  Q   , <03 iU EQuestion/Variable LB  , c $D t LB  , c $D6 t 6 LB  , c $D t  H , 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.6`1+D=' = @B + 0 0(  0 0 <d3 (: Keep it small:^       0 <3 :r QYQuestions may have various structures, which must be replicated in the database structure                    0 6x3 t  Q  LB 0 c $D t LB 0 c $D6 t 6 LB 0 c $D t  H 0 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.6`1+D=' = @B + 0   $(  $" $ <3    Make it the standard definition:z          7F TC $  T  $ 63 "`TC Q  TB  $B c $DTIJTB  $B c $DT  TB  $B c $DT  H $ 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B +. 0 E=  (   )8 TC   T   63 "`TC Q  TB  B c $DTIJTB  B c $DT  TB  B c $DT    <3  G  ZStandard    <3 :&r jNow, we have a good representation of the standard definition In terms of standard questions and variablesj   < 3 3  "Examples: ISSP questionnaire +  standard setup ESS questionnaire + standard fileTTB "  $ H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B + 0   ((  7F TC   T  63 "`TC Q  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT      <3 : pRemember, on higher levels we have the wrapping dataset& 8 X   0 '   < 3 o V  Y Sample type   p   <3 3  Examples: ISSP questionnaire +  standard setup ESS questionnaire + standard fileB "  $ H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B + 0 0  (  7F TC   T  63 "`TC Q  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT  p  <3 3  Examples: ISSP questionnaire +  standard setup ESS questionnaire + standard fileB "  $   <3 : Z& and even some kind of cross-national study& - X   0 '   <4 X  iConcepts, coordination work X   0jH  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B + 0   U(  7F TC   T  6\4 "`TC Q  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT    < 4  G  ZStandard     <D4 :Vr rNow, having the standard definition in our database, how would we Most economically enter the country definitions?r H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B +  0 ((  (7F TC (  T ( 6H4 "`TC Q  TB (B c $DTIJTB (B c $DT  TB (B c $DT   ( <(4  G  ZStandard  ;F TC (  :  ( 6d"4 "`TC U  TB  (B c $DTIJTB  (B c $DT  TB  (B c $DT    ( <h'4 C"?   [ Country 1   M ( <8-4  & /Create the country metadata using the standard:             ( <24   K M?< H ( 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B + 0  '(  7F TC   T  674 "`TC Q  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT    < =4  G  ZStandard  ;F TC   :   6A4 "`TC U  TB  B c $DTIJTB  B c $DT  TB  B c $DT     <F4 C"?   [ Country 1     <XK4  & 7Create the country metadata using the standard: Derive!80              <S4  T  PIdSt   <X4  AO  U IdC1 IdSt   RB  s *DV    <P]4 $a A self-reference of tables Question, rsp. Variable on themselves Makes selected information inheritable: Wordings (multilingual) Value domains (multilingual) Descriptors (indexes) & and some other details:jh-] j   <d4  Ts PIdSt   <lj4  ed W IdC1 / IdSt   RB  s *D  <o4  0  _Self-references H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B +~ 0  %(  7F TC   T  6tu4 "`TC Q  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT    <4z4  G  ZStandard  ;F TC   :   6l4 "`TC U  TB  B c $DTIJTB  B c $DT  TB  B c $DT     <p4 C"?   [ Country 1     <4  & 7Create the country metadata using the standard: Derive? 80              <Đ4  T  PIdSt   <84  AO  U IdC1 IdSt   RB  s *DV  z  <4 $1.  Question structures are complex; the higher the complexity, the higher is the probability for a small change somewhere in the structure What if a wording changes in one single language? What if an Interviewer instruction changes because of a change in the structure of the questionnaire? Another structure is necessary for changing Q/Vs; multiple structures are a factor of complexity in all processes to be programmed..--   <4  Ts PIdSt   <X4  ed W IdC1 / IdSt   RB  s *D  <x4  0  _Self-references H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B +I 0 `X@ (  7F TC   T  64 "`TC Q  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT    <4  G  ZStandard  ;F TC   :   6@4 "`TC U  TB  B c $DTIJTB  B c $DT  TB  B c $DT     < 4 C"?   [ Country 1   RB  s *D  RB  s *D  RB  s *DRB  s *D,,  <L4  j  } Copy function2     <4   QcCreate the country metadata using the standard: Copy! You may also edit the copy (general solution)(d0!           =   <,4  T  PIdSt   <4  A  PIdC1   <4  Ts PIdSt   <L4  Ad PIdC1 K  <4 $.  All information for the standard is copied, even the information, which remains constant. Redundance Independent versions Copes with variations! H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B +  0   4 (  47F TC 4  T 4 64 "`TC Q  TB 4B c $DTIJTB 4B c $DT  TB 4B c $DT   4 <p4  G  ZStandard  ;F TC 4  :  4 64 "`TC U  TB  4B c $DTIJTB  4B c $DT  TB  4B c $DT    4 <D6 C"?   [ Country 1    4 <6    Create reference link!\        4 <t4   6Where is the reference from Country 1 to the Standard? 766  4 <6  T  PIdSt  4 <6  A  PIdC1  4 <06  Ts PIdSt  4 <6  Ad PIdC1  4 <"6    gReference structure H 4 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B + 0 <a(  <7F TC <  T < 6(6 "`TC Q  TB <B c $DTIJTB <B c $DT  TB <B c $DT   < <-6  G  ZStandard  ;F TC  <  :  < 626 "`TC U  TB  <B c $DTIJTB  <B c $DT  TB  <B c $DT   < <76 C"?   [ Country 1   RB < s *D  RB < s *D  RB < s *DRB < s *D,,m < <=6  S  AIdentTarget IdentSource LinkType VariationType VariationCommentBB            & < <4>6 fu) M $The data element used for reference:z          < < K6  T  PIdSt  < <HO6  A  PIdC1  < <|S6  Ts PIdSt  < <X6  Ad PIdC1  < <^6    cReference structure H < 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B +^ 0 um $ (   7F TC    T   6dc6 "`TC Q  TB  B c $DTIJTB  B c $DT  TB  B c $DT     <hh6  G  ZStandard  ;F TC    :   6l6 "`TC U  TB  B c $DTIJTB  B c $DT  TB  B c $DT     <pq6 C"?   [ Country 1   RB   s *D  RB   s *D  RB   s *DRB   s *D,,q   <tv6  S  AIdentTarget IdentSource LinkType VariationType VariationCommentBB            &   <6 fu) M $The data element used for reference:z            <6  T  PIdSt    <6  A  PIdC1    <6  Ts PIdSt    <6  Ad PIdC1 RB !  s *DPV RB "  s *D@ V  #  <L6 A p For both questions and variables!!   $  <6    cReference structure H   0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B + 0   ,d(  ,RB , s *D2JC27F TC ,  T , 6 6 "`TC Q  TB ,B c $DTIJTB ,B c $DT  TB ,B c $DT   , <$6  G  ZStandard  ;F TC  ,  :  , 6L6 "`TC U  TB  ,B c $DTIJTB  ,B c $DT  TB  ,B c $DT   , <,6 C"?   [ Country 1   RB , s *D  RB , s *D  RB , s *DRB , s *D,, , <X6  yStructural relationship&     , <6  ~ Space 4    , <6 S  Wording  4    , <6 S  ` (ad libitum)   & , <6 fu) M $The data element used for reference:z          , <6  T  PIdSt  , <6  A  PIdC1  , <6  Ts PIdSt  , <p6  Ad PIdC1 m , <X6  S  AIdentTarget IdentSource LinkType VariationType VariationCommentBB              , <6    cReference structure H , 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B + 0   0 4 (  47F TC 4  T 4 66 "`TC Q  TB 4B c $DTIJTB 4B c $DT  TB 4B c $DT   4 <6  G  ZStandard  ;F TC  4  :  4 66 "`TC U  TB  4B c $DTIJTB  4B c $DT  TB  4B c $DT   4 <7 C"?   [ Country 1   RB 4 s *D  RB 4 s *D  RB 4 s *DRB 4 s *D,, 4 <h7 S  b Space  Time  Construction (var)  Source (quest)  Variable comparison "KC    !       RB 4@ s *D} p(RB 4 s *D2JC2m 4 <X7  S  AIdentTarget IdentSource LinkType VariationType VariationCommentBB             4 <7    cReference structure H 4 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B +4 0 K C 0 (  07F TC 0  T 0 66 "`TC Q  TB 0B c $DTIJTB 0B c $DT  TB 0B c $DT   0 <7  G  ZStandard  ;F TC  0  :  0 6$7 "`TC U  TB  0B c $DTIJTB  0B c $DT  TB  0B c $DT   0 <)7 C"?   [ Country 1   RB 0 s *D  RB 0 s *D  RB 0 s *DRB 0 s *D,, 0 <.7 2p\n   Identical  Wording  Item wording  Value structure  Resp. category wording ,P  :           RB 0@ s *DC pCRB 0 s *D2JC2{ 0 <97  S  AIdentTarget IdentSource LinkType VariationType VariationComment"B1             0 <,B7    cReference structure H 0 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B +  0   8 (  87F TC 8  T 8 6G7 "`TC Q  TB 8B c $DTIJTB 8B c $DT  TB 8B c $DT   8 <0M7  G  ZStandard  ;F TC 8  :  8 6XQ7 "`TC U  TB  8B c $DTIJTB  8B c $DT  TB  8B c $DT    8 <LW7 C"?   [ Country 1   XB 8 0D  XB 8 0D  XB 8 0DXB 8 0D,, 8 <\7    Copy and ReferenceB      8 < c7 h "8Synthetic view of copy function and reference structure:                 H 8 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B +  0   @w (  @7F TC @  T @ 6 l7 "`TC Q  TB @B c $DTIJTB @B c $DT  TB @B c $DT   @ <Xq7  G  ZStandard  ;F TC @  :  @ 6@v7 "`TC U  TB  @B c $DTIJTB  @B c $DT  TB  @B c $DT    @ <d{7 C"?   [ Country 1   dB @ <DԔ   @ <ā7 h "8Synthetic view of copy function and reference structure:                  @ <7    Copy and ReferenceB     H @ 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B + 0   D(  7F TC   T  687 "`TC Q  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT  ;F TC   :   67 "`TC U  TB  B c $DTIJTB  B c $DT  TB  B c $DT  dB  <DԔ    <7 h< Now, let s look what happens with more than one country dataset!@ H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B +&  0 =50D(  D7F TC D  T D 687 "`TC Q  TB DB c $DTIJTB DB c $DT  TB DB c $DT  ;F TC D  :  D 67 "`TC U  TB  DB c $DTIJTB  DB c $DT  TB  DB c $DT  dB D <DԔ  ;F TC D 0 qt  D 67 "`TC U  TB DB c $DTIJTB DB c $DT  TB DB c $DT  dB D <DԔ 0 H D 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B +  0   @H| (  H7F TC H  T H 6,7 "`TC Q  TB HB c $DTIJTB HB c $DT  TB HB c $DT  ;F TC H  :  H 67 "`TC U  TB  HB c $DTIJTB  HB c $DT  TB  HB c $DT  dB H <DԔ  ;F TC H 0 qt  H 6D7 "`TC U  TB HB c $DTIJTB HB c $DT  TB HB c $DT  dB H <DԔ 0 ;F TC H   H 67 "`TC U  TB HB c $DTIJTB HB c $DT  TB HB c $DT  dB H <DԔ H H 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B + 0   ` (  `7F TC `  T ` 6<7 "`TC Q  TB `B c $DTIJTB `B c $DT  TB `B c $DT  ;F TC `  :  ` 6@7 "`TC U  TB  `B c $DTIJTB  `B c $DT  TB  `B c $DT  dB ` <DԔ  ;F TC ` 0 qt  ` 6l7 "`TC U  TB `B c $DTIJTB `B c $DT  TB `B c $DT  dB ` <DԔ 0 ;F TC `   ` 67 "`TC U  TB `B c $DTIJTB `B c $DT  TB `B c $DT  dB ` <DԔ ^ ` 6< ` <7 d XPSpace-compound dataset (higher level dataset, incl. Documentation of variations)QQ                ` <7   k Sample type &  H ` 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B + 0 P 0(  07F TC 0  T 0 6x7 "`TC Q  TB 0B c $DTIJTB 0B c $DT  TB 0B c $DT  ;F TC 0  : 0 67 "`TC U  TB  0B c $DTIJTB  0B c $DT  TB  0B c $DT  ;F TC  0 0 qt  0 687 "`TC U  TB 0B c $DTIJTB 0B c $DT  TB 0B c $DT  dB 0 <DԔ 0 ;F TC 0   0 6t9 "`TC U  TB 0B c $DTIJTB 0B c $DT  TB 0B c $DT  dB 0 <DԔ ^ 0 6< 0 <T9 d XPSpace-compound dataset (higher level dataset, incl. Documentation of variations)QQ                0 <9   k Sample type &   0 <9 T ( `Original country Q/V  0 <<9 d 1 }1On Q/V level, we may have 3 distinct situations:221  0 <49   Y Identical Q/V   0 <"9 r 'Variant Q/V Type of variation Comment" -(' H 0 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B +W 0 nf@ $8(  87F TC 8  T 8 6*9 "`TC Q  TB 8B c $DTIJTB 8B c $DT  TB 8B c $DT  ;F TC 8  :  8 6/9 "`TC U  TB  8B c $DTIJTB  8B c $DT  TB  8B c $DT  ;F TC 8 0 qt  8 659 "`TC U  TB 8B c $DTIJTB 8B c $DT  TB 8B c $DT  ;F TC 8   8 6:9 "`TC U  TB 8B c $DTIJTB 8B c $DT  TB 8B c $DT  ^ 8 6< 8 <@9 d XPSpace-compound dataset (higher level dataset, incl. Documentation of variations)QQ                8 <`I9   k Sample type &    8 <|O9 YG@  X !8 0qi "8 <Q9 , wGStudy added Metadata can readily be published in a hyperlinked format"H <                  dB #8 <DԔ 0 dB $8 <DԔ H 8 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B + 0 2\T(  \7F TC \  T \ 6 9 "`TC Q  TB \B c $DTIJTB \B c $DT  TB \B c $DT  ;F TC \     \ 6c9 "`TC U  TB  \B c $DTIJTB  \B c $DT  TB  \B c $DT  ;F TC \    \ 6h9 "`TC U  TB \B c $DTIJTB \B c $DT  TB \B c $DT  dB \ <DԔ  ;F TC \   \ 69 "`TC U  TB \B c $DTIJTB \B c $DT  TB \B c $DT  dB \ <DԔ ^ /\ 6P  0\ <s9 PH@___PPT9" {Analysis of variations A country Q/V may be: identical to the standard varying on the standard specific to the countryBJ-2J                        8X 1\ <s9 ?& S1 4 2\ <Ў9 #  $Now, look at the integration process          H \ 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B + 0 #/pX(  p7F TC p  T p 69 "`TC Q  TB pB c $DTIJTB pB c $DT  TB pB c $DT  ;F TC p     p 69 "`TC U  TB  pB c $DTIJTB  pB c $DT  TB  pB c $DT  ;F TC p    p 69 "`TC U  TB pB c $DTIJTB pB c $DT  TB pB c $DT  dB p <DԔ  ;F TC p   p 689 "`TC U  TB pB c $DTIJTB pB c $DT  TB pB c $DT  dB p <DԔ 7F TC p  F{ p 69 "`TC Q  TB pB c $DTIJTB pB c $DT  TB pB c $DT   p <9  95  \ Integrated    #p <9 ; ;1. Analysis of variations 2. Automatic definition of vars when all country vars identical, definition of harmonized var when necessaryx                                  $p <9 ?& S1  (p <9  I   S2 ^ -p 6P RB .p s *D" 4 /p <9 #  $Now, look at the integration process          H p 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B + 0 '/tl(  t7F TC t  T t 69 "`TC Q  TB tB c $DTIJTB tB c $DT  TB tB c $DT  ;F TC t     t 69 "`TC U  TB  tB c $DTIJTB  tB c $DT  TB  tB c $DT  ;F TC t    t 69 "`TC U  TB tB c $DTIJTB tB c $DT  TB tB c $DT  dB t <DԔ  ;F TC t   t 69 "`TC U  TB tB c $DTIJTB tB c $DT  TB tB c $DT  dB t <DԔ 7F TC t  F{ t 6|9 "`TC Q  TB tB c $DTIJTB tB c $DT  TB tB c $DT   t <\9  95  \ Integrated   XB  t 0Dg  F XB !t 0Dg  F XB "t 0Dg  F T #t <9 ; 1. Analysis of variations 2. Automatic definition of vars when all country vars identical, definition of harmonized var when necessary 3. Copy of harmonized definition to single country datasets     j               $t <9 ?& S1  't <:  } S3  (t <:  I   S2 ^ -t 6P 4 .t < : #  $Now, look at the integration process           /t <:  6 f(as country- Specific Q/V)  H t 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B +& 0 =5*/x(  x7F TC x  T x 6P: "`TC Q  TB xB c $DTIJTB xB c $DT  TB xB c $DT  ;F TC x     x 6: "`TC U  TB  xB c $DTIJTB  xB c $DT  TB  xB c $DT  ;F TC x    x 6!: "`TC U  TB xB c $DTIJTB xB c $DT  TB xB c $DT  dB x <DԔ  ;F TC x   x 6&: "`TC U  TB xB c $DTIJTB xB c $DT  TB xB c $DT  dB x <DԔ 7F TC x  F{ x 6\,: "`TC Q  TB xB c $DTIJTB xB c $DT  TB xB c $DT   x <d1:  95  \ Integrated   XB  x 0Dg  F XB !x 0Dg  F XB "x 0Dg  F ` #x <6: ; 1. Analysis of variations 2. Automatic definition of vars when all country vars identical, definition of harmonized var when necessary 3. Copy of harmonized definition to single country datasets 4. Computing of harmonized variables                   $x < A: ?& S1  &x <D: f M M S4  'x <  S4 ^ -x 6P 4 .x <8\: #  $Now, look at the integration process           /x <a:  6 f(as country- Specific Q/V)  H x 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B +S 0 jb+/|(  |7F TC |  T | 6[: "`TC Q  TB |B c $DTIJTB |B c $DT  TB |B c $DT  ;F TC |     | 6Dm: "`TC U  TB  |B c $DTIJTB  |B c $DT  TB  |B c $DT  ;F TC |    | 6r: "`TC U  TB |B c $DTIJTB |B c $DT  TB |B c $DT  dB | <DԔ  ;F TC |   | 6,x: "`TC U  TB |B c $DTIJTB |B c $DT  TB |B c $DT  dB | <DԔ 7F TC |  F{ | 6~: "`TC Q  TB |B c $DTIJTB |B c $DT  TB |B c $DT   | <:  95  \ Integrated   dB  | <DԔ F dB !| <DԔS F dB "| <DԔ F  #| <|: ;  61. Analysis of variations 2. Automatic definition of vars when all country vars identical, definition of harmonized var when necessary 3. Copy of harmonized definition to single country datasets 4. Computing of harmonized variables 5. Filling integrated dataset with data(                 $| <: ?& S1  %| <: ` G S5  &| <@: f M M S4  '| <:  } S3  (| <:  I   S2  )| <: B M )  S4  *| <: z >  S4 ^ -| 6P 4 .| <: #  $Now, look at the integration process           /| <x:  6 f(as country- Specific Q/V)  H | 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B +z 0 p,!(  7F TC   T  6: "`TC Q  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT  ;F TC       6: "`TC U  TB  B c $DTIJTB  B c $DT  TB  B c $DT  ;F TC      6x: "`TC U  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT  ;F TC     6: "`TC U  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT  7F TC   F{  6 : "`TC Q  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT    <:  95  \ Integrated   ^ + 6P l , <:   NLet s come back to the studies involved          H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B +p 0  #(  7F TC   T  6L: "`TC Q  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT  ;F TC       6: "`TC U  TB  B c $DTIJTB  B c $DT  TB  B c $DT  ;F TC       6: "`TC U  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT  ;F TC     6: "`TC U  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT  7F TC   {  6D< "`TC Q  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT    <<  }  \ Integrated   ^  6P X  0qi   < < dHj Program study (concepts)B     4 " << C"?V z Compound dataset (sample type)P       # <D< n RData definitions&   H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B +U 0 ld&'(  7F TC   T  6< "`TC Q  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT  ;F TC       6X< "`TC U  TB  B c $DTIJTB  B c $DT  TB  B c $DT  ;F TC       6$< "`TC U  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT  ;F TC     6)< "`TC U  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT  7F TC   {  6@/< "`TC Q  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT    <<4<  }  \ Integrated   ^  6P X  0qi  <t9< dHj Program study (concepts)B     4   <?< C"?V z Compound dataset (sample type)P       ! <G< n RData definitions&   X " 02s  # <J< n Country study (local concepts) 4    $ <O<  cZ  This is a catB    RB %@ s *D}C2RB & s *D 2 ' <TU<    ] Reference   H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B + 0 ()`(  7F TC   T  6\< "`TC Q  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT  ;F TC       64a< "`TC U  TB  B c $DTIJTB  B c $DT  TB  B c $DT  ;F TC       6$f< "`TC U  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT  ;F TC     6k< "`TC U  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT  7F TC   {  6,p< "`TC Q  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT    <0u<  }  \ Integrated   ^  6P X  0qi  <Pq< dHj Program study (concepts)B     4   <~< C"?V z Compound dataset (sample type)P       ! << n RData definitions&   X " 02s  # << n Country study (local concepts) 4    $ <l<  cZ  This is a catB    RB %@ s *D}C2RB & s *D 2 ' <<    ] Reference   X ( 0 &I ) <d< Z  Integration study?B     H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B +7 0 NF'*(  7F TC   T  6< "`TC Q  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT  ;F TC       6< "`TC U  TB  B c $DTIJTB  B c $DT  TB  B c $DT  ;F TC       6< "`TC U  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT  ;F TC     6< "`TC U  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT  7F TC   {  6< "`TC Q  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT    <<  }  \ Integrated   ^  6P X  0qi  << dHj Program study (concepts)B     4   <h< C"?V z Compound dataset (sample type)P       ! << n RData definitions&   X " 02s  # << n Country study (local concepts) 4    $ <<  cZ  This is a catB    RB %@ s *D}C2RB & s *D 2 ' <<    ] Reference    * <L< C  nHNo. Just additional elements For the description of The integration workII                   H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B + 0 @ ((,L(  ,7F TC ,  T , 6< "`TC Q  TB ,B c $DTIJTB ,B c $DT  TB ,B c $DT  ;F TC ,    , 6(< "`TC U  TB  ,B c $DTIJTB  ,B c $DT  TB  ,B c $DT  ;F TC  ,     , 6< "`TC U  TB ,B c $DTIJTB ,B c $DT  TB ,B c $DT  ;F TC ,   , 6P< "`TC U  TB ,B c $DTIJTB ,B c $DT  TB ,B c $DT  7F TC ,  { , 64= "`TC Q  TB ,B c $DTIJTB ,B c $DT  TB ,B c $DT   , <8 =  }  \ Integrated   ^ , 6P X , 0qi , <d= dHj Program study (concepts)B     4 , <= C"?V z Compound dataset (sample type)P        , <X= n RData definitions&   X !, 02s  ", <= n Country study (local concepts) 4    #, <,!=  cZ  This is a catB    RB $,@ s *D}C2RB %, s *D 2 &, <`&=    ] Reference    ', <)= C  nHNo. Just additional elements For the description of The integration workII                   f (, 60=  mW   Now, to summarize, a more compact presentation, which will later allow to show more& ZZY H , 0޽h ?(, 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B + 0 3+()(  7F TC   T  67= "`TC Q  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT  ;F TC       6D== "`TC U  TB  B c $DTIJTB  B c $DT  TB  B c $DT  ;F TC       6C= "`TC U  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT  ;F TC     6@ C"? G  fWave 1&  ;F TC $ c   $ 6B@ "`TC U  TB  $B c $DTIJTB  $B c $DT  TB  $B c $DT    $ <G@ C"?+ fWave 2&  4 $ <(N@ 9 q  & still others will present variations, without fully breaking up the seriesL  $ <8Q@ )  UVariant XB $ 0D XB $ 0D% WWXB $ 0D XB $ 0Dc ggYj $ <B c $DTIJTB ?B c $DT  TB @B c $DT  ;F TC B gd C 6d@ "`TC U  TB DB c $DTIJTB EB c $DT  TB FB c $DT  ;F TC H zg I 6B "`TC U  TB JB c $DTIJTB KB c $DT  TB LB c $DT  ;F TC M Kg N 6lB "`TC U  TB OB c $DTIJTB PB c $DT  TB QB c $DT  ;F TC R g S 6 B "`TC U  TB TB c $DTIJTB UB c $DT  TB VB c $DT  ;F TC W  *  X 6B "`TC U  TB YB c $DTIJTB ZB c $DT  TB [B c $DT  ;F TC \ V   ] 6B "`TC U  TB ^B c $DTIJTB _B c $DT  TB `B c $DT  ;F TC a    b 6TB "`TC U  TB cB c $DTIJTB dB c $DT  TB eB c $DT   f <4B  Z RQ/V6 ;F TC g +  h 6#B "`TC U  TB iB c $DTIJTB jB c $DT  TB kB c $DT  ;F TC l  9  m 60)B "`TC U  TB nB c $DTIJTB oB c $DT  TB pB c $DT  ;F TC q e   r 60B "`TC U  TB sB c $DTIJTB tB c $DT  TB uB c $DT  ;F TC v    w 6d4B "`TC U  TB xB c $DTIJTB yB c $DT  TB zB c $DT  ;F TC   ` *   69B "`TC U  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT  ;F TC   ` d  6>B "`TC U  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT  ;F TC  z `   6CB "`TC U  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT  ;F TC  K `   6 IB "`TC U  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT  ;F TC   `   6NB "`TC U  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT  ;F TC      6RB "`TC U  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT  ;F TC   5   6XB "`TC U  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT  ;F TC  K   64@ "`TC U  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT  ;F TC   {  6aB "`TC U  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT  ;F TC     6fB "`TC U  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT  ;F TC     6lB "`TC U  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT    <dqB  3 Z TQ/V4   <tB  Z TQ/V5 ;F TC   d  6yB "`TC U  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT  ;F TC     6~B "`TC U  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT  ;F TC  ?   6̃B "`TC U  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT  ;F TC     6hB "`TC U  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT    <B c $DT  TB ?B c $DT  ;F TC @  *  A 6 C "`TC U  TB BB c $DTIJTB CB c $DT  TB DB c $DT  ;F TC E V   F 6tC "`TC U  TB GB c $DTIJTB HB c $DT  TB IB c $DT  ;F TC J    K 6LC "`TC U  TB LB c $DTIJTB MB c $DT  TB NB c $DT   O <C Z T(Q/V6) ;F TC P +  Q 6XB "`TC U  TB RB c $DTIJTB SB c $DT  TB TB c $DT  ;F TC U  9  V 6 C "`TC U  TB WB c $DTIJTB XB c $DT  TB YB c $DT  ;F TC Z e   [ 6p%C "`TC U  TB \B c $DTIJTB ]B c $DT  TB ^B c $DT  ;F TC _    ` 6`*C "`TC U  TB aB c $DTIJTB bB c $DT  TB cB c $DT  ;F TC d  ` *  e 6.C "`TC U  TB fB c $DTIJTB gB c $DT  TB hB c $DT  ;F TC i  ` d j 644C "`TC U  TB kB c $DTIJTB lB c $DT  TB mB c $DT  ;F TC n z `  o 69C "`TC U  TB pB c $DTIJTB qB c $DT  TB rB c $DT  ;F TC s K `  t 6l?C "`TC U  TB uB c $DTIJTB vB c $DT  TB wB c $DT  ;F TC x  `  y 6EC "`TC U  TB zB c $DTIJTB {B c $DT  TB |B c $DT  ;F TC }    ~ 6JC "`TC U  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT  ;F TC   5   6@PC "`TC U  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT  ;F TC  K   6UC "`TC U  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT  ;F TC   {  6x[C "`TC U  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT  ;F TC     6aC "`TC U  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT  ;F TC     6fC "`TC U  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT    <lC  3 Z TQ/V4   <pC  Z TQ/V5 ;F TC   d  6tC "`TC U  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT  ;F TC     6`zC "`TC U  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT  ;F TC  ?   6C "`TC U  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT  ;F TC     6C "`TC U  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT    <C _  ? Interrupted    <܏C  "  7New   <|C  ZChanging  XB  0D XB  0D XB  0D6 XB  0DpXB  0DJJXB  0DwwXB  0DXB  0Dp XB  0D" " XB  0DO O XB  0D} } XB  0D 66XB  0D ccXB  0D6 ^B  6DopXB  0DXB  0DXB  0D FF  <DC #  tChange documented&     <C VG= {Series of questions/variablesB      <C F   k Sub-serie &    <̫C / k Sub-serie &  H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B +)) 0 @(8(N'(  ;F TC  g{  6C "`TC U  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT    <C C"?G fWave 1&    <hC C"? T  fWave 2&     <C C"?F T-  fWave 3&     <C C"?| Tc  fWave 4&    <|C ZZ TQ/V2 ;F TC   {  6C "`TC U  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT    BC ogl TQ/V1 ;F TC  g*   6C "`TC U  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT  ;F TC ! V g  " 6C "`TC U  TB #B c $DTIJTB $B c $DT  TB %B c $DT  ;F TC &  g  ' 6C "`TC U  TB (B c $DTIJTB )B c $DT  TB *B c $DT  ;F TC D V   E 6(C "`TC U  TB FB c $DTIJTB GB c $DT  TB HB c $DT   N <C l Z Z T(Q/V6) ;F TC O + 2  P 6HC "`TC U  TB QB c $DTIJTB RB c $DT  TB SB c $DT  ;F TC T  2 9  U 6$C "`TC U  TB VB c $DTIJTB WB c $DT  TB XB c $DT  ;F TC Y e 2  Z 6C "`TC U  TB [B c $DTIJTB \B c $DT  TB ]B c $DT  ;F TC ^  2  _ 6tE "`TC U  TB `B c $DTIJTB aB c $DT  TB bB c $DT  ;F TC |  z   } 6dE "`TC U  TB ~B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT  ;F TC  z  5   6T E "`TC U  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT    <E z  Z TQ/V5 XB  0D XB  0D XB  0D6 XB  0D XB  0D6 ^B @ 6Do O P b  <E VG= 6Simplifying the presentation of the longitudinal study               < E T T ( k Sub-serie &    <E  T   k Sub-serie &  H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B + 0 P O<r(  < &< <(E l Z Z T(Q/V6) ;F TC '< + 2  (< 6 E "`TC U  TB )<B c $DTIJTB *<B c $DT  TB +<B c $DT  ;F TC ,<  2 9  -< 61E "`TC U  TB .<B c $DTIJTB /<B c $DT  TB 0<B c $DT  ;F TC 1< e 2  2< 66E "`TC U  TB 3<B c $DTIJTB 4<B c $DT  TB 5<B c $DT  ;F TC 6<  2  7< 6w ZLet this series of variables be a general representation of a series of datasets over time[[L                        H < 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B +  0   p DN (  D;F TC D   D 6TE "`TC U  TB DB c $DTIJTB DB c $DT  TB DB c $DT  ;F TC D y D 6YE "`TC U  TB  DB c $DTIJTB  DB c $DT  TB  DB c $DT  ;F TC  D  w   D 6d_E "`TC U  TB DB c $DTIJTB DB c $DT  TB DB c $DT  ;F TC D G  D 6hdE "`TC U  TB DB c $DTIJTB DB c $DT  TB DB c $DT  XB D 0D WW XB D 0D"^B D@ 6DoR    D <lE , x& enlarge itF     H D 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B +. 0 E = p  (  ;F TC     6qE "`TC U  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT  ;F TC  y  6@wE "`TC U  TB  B c $DTIJTB  B c $DT  TB  B c $DT  ;F TC    w    6|E "`TC U  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT  ;F TC  G   6ԁE "`TC U  TB B c $DTIJTB B c $DT  TB B c $DT  XB  0D WW XB  0D"^B @ 6DoR     <E , This is actually a compound dataset, a time-compound dataset (higher level dataset)            >       ^  6H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B +y 0   ` @ (  @;F TC @   @ 6,E "`TC U  TB @B c $DTIJTB @B c $DT  TB @B c $DT  ;F TC @ y  @ 6dE "`TC U  TB  @B c $DTIJTB  @B c $DT  TB  @B c $DT  ;F TC  @  w  @ 6E "`TC U  TB @B c $DTIJTB @B c $DT  TB @B c $DT  ;F TC @ G  @ 6 H @ 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B + 0   L(  L;F TC L   L 6E "`TC U  TB LB c $DTIJTB LB c $DT  TB LB c $DT  ;F TC L y L 6E "`TC U  TB  LB c $DTIJTB  LB c $DT  TB  LB c $DT  ;F TC  L  w   L 6E "`TC U  TB LB c $DTIJTB LB c $DT  TB LB c $DT  ;F TC L G  L 6LE "`TC U  TB LB c $DTIJTB LB c $DT  TB LB c $DT  XB L 0D WW XB L 0D"^B L@ 6DoR    L <lE ,= r& and be presented as a whole with metadata in a hyperlinked format                 ^ L 6 L <E i > 1 L <E  B /Four datasets One hyperlinked metadata productz         H L 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B +2 0 IA %)H(  H;F TC H   H 6E "`TC U  TB HB c $DTIJTB HB c $DT  TB HB c $DT  ;F TC H y H 6E "`TC U  TB  HB c $DTIJTB  HB c $DT  TB  HB c $DT  ;F TC  H  w   H 6E "`TC U  TB HB c $DTIJTB HB c $DT  TB HB c $DT  ;F TC H G  H 6(E "`TC U  TB HB c $DTIJTB HB c $DT  TB HB c $DT  XB H 0D WW XB H 0D"^B H@ 6DoR   w H <\F ,  -And we can readily define a cumulated dataset               ^ H 6;F TC H  79{ H 6F "`TC U  TB HB c $DTIJTB HB c $DT  TB  HB c $DT   !H < F  (  Cumulated dataset4    dB $H <DԔ6 dB %H <DԔ6 dB &H <DԔ 6 dB 'H@ <DԔ 6  )H <F    81. Analysis of variations 2. Automatic definition of vars when vars are identical over all waves, definition of harmo- nized var when necessary 3. Copy of harmonized definition to single wave datasets 4. Computing of harmonized variables 5. Filling cumulated dataset with data(                H H 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B +n 0 }` %%4(  4;F TC 4   4 6E "`TC U  TB 4B c $DTIJTB 4B c $DT  TB 4B c $DT  ;F TC 4 y 4 6$!F "`TC U  TB  4B c $DTIJTB  4B c $DT  TB  4B c $DT  ;F TC  4  w   4 6\&F "`TC U  TB 4B c $DTIJTB 4B c $DT  TB 4B c $DT  ;F TC 4 G  4 6+F "`TC U  TB 4B c $DTIJTB 4B c $DT  TB 4B c $DT  XB 4 0D WW XB 4 0D"^B 4@ 6DoR   w 4 <t3F ,  -And we can readily define a cumulated dataset               ^ 4 6;F TC 4  79{ 4 6:F "`TC U  TB 4B c $DTIJTB 4B c $DT  TB 4B c $DT    4 <?F  (  Cumulated dataset4    dB !4 <DԔ6 dB "4 <DԔ6 dB #4 <DԔ 6 dB $4@ <DԔ 6  %4 <EF  t & including some wave-specific Q/V one& two& or three harmonized variables for rendering the whole serie and the two sub-series2 :-@- H 4 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B + 0 6. &)d(  d;F TC d   d 6PF "`TC U  TB dB c $DTIJTB dB c $DT  TB dB c $DT  ;F TC d y d 6UF "`TC U  TB  dB c $DTIJTB  dB c $DT  TB  dB c $DT  ;F TC  d  w   d 6ZF "`TC U  TB dB c $DTIJTB dB c $DT  TB dB c $DT  ;F TC d G  d 6_F "`TC U  TB dB c $DTIJTB dB c $DT  TB dB c $DT  XB d 0D WW XB d 0D"^B d@ 6DoR    d <hF ,= FThe overall study is here also the reference for the cumulated dataset4                        ^ d 6;F TC d  79{ d 6pF "`TC U  TB dB c $DTIJTB dB c $DT  TB dB c $DT    d <uF  (  Cumulated dataset4    dB "d <DԔ6 dB #d <DԔ6 dB $d <DԔ 6 dB %d@ <DԔ 6 X 'd 0jdY< )d <F    :2& just add a description of the cumulation work and integrate into the metadata publication the relevant time-dependent Information from the single waves6i                                   H d 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B +9 0 PH &(T(  T;F TC T   T 6F "`TC U  TB TB c $DTIJTB TB c $DT  TB TB c $DT  ;F TC T y T 6ȒF "`TC U  TB  TB c $DTIJTB  TB c $DT  TB  TB c $DT  ;F TC  T  w   T 6@F "`TC U  TB TB c $DTIJTB TB c $DT  TB TB c $DT  ;F TC T G  T 6F "`TC U  TB TB c $DTIJTB TB c $DT  TB TB c $DT  RB T s *D WW RB T s *D"XB T@ 0DoR    T <F ,5 9=And we can readily define a cumulated dataset for integration                  ^ T 6;F TC T  79{ T 6F "`TC U  TB TB c $DTIJTB TB c $DT  TB TB c $DT    T <PF  (  Cumulated dataset4    dB "T <DԔ6 dB #T <DԔ6 dB $T <DԔ 6 dB %T@ <DԔ 6 / 'T HF )t)  Now, combine space and time   ^       X (T 0jdY<H T 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B +,  0 C ; 'X (  X;F TC X   X 6\F "`TC U  TB XB c $DTIJTB XB c $DT  TB XB c $DT  ;F TC X y X 6F "`TC U  TB  XB c $DTIJTB  XB c $DT  TB  XB c $DT  ;F TC  X  w   X 6DF "`TC U  TB XB c $DTIJTB XB c $DT  TB XB c $DT  ;F TC X G  X 6hF "`TC U  TB XB c $DTIJTB XB c $DT  TB XB c $DT  XB X 0D WW XB X 0D"^B X@ 6DoR   i X <F ,= GImagine the standard definition evolves in time as a longitudinal study             H X 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B +U 0 l d \ (  \;F TC \   \ 6F "`TC U  TB \B c $DTIJTB \B c $DT  TB \B c $DT  ;F TC \ y \ 6F "`TC U  TB  \B c $DTIJTB  \B c $DT  TB  \B c $DT  ;F TC  \  w   \ 6F "`TC U  TB \B c $DTIJTB \B c $DT  TB \B c $DT  ;F TC \ G  \ 6(F "`TC U  TB \B c $DTIJTB \B c $DT  TB \B c $DT  XB \ 0D WW XB \ 0D"^B \@ 6DoR   i \ <F ,= GImagine the standard definition evolves in time as a longitudinal study             ! \ <H @  )Series of successive standard definitions**P      H \ 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B +  0   ` (  `;F TC ` E 7) ` 6tH "`TC U  TB `B c $DTIJTB `B c $DT  TB `B c $DT  ;F TC ` 7)C ` 6H "`TC U  TB  `B c $DTIJTB  `B c $DT  TB  `B c $DT  ;F TC  `  7)   ` 6<H "`TC U  TB `B c $DTIJTB `B c $DT  TB `B c $DT  ;F TC ` 7)  ` 6tH "`TC U  TB `B c $DTIJTB `B c $DT  TB `B c $DT  XB ` 0D 9 XB ` 0DC^B `@ 6Do 9 i ` <0 H ,= GImagine the standard definition evolves in time as a longitudinal study              ` <|$H  ZStandard  H ` 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B + 0 p 08y(  8XB .8 0D * XB -8 0D *@ ;F TC 8 E 7) 8 6*H "`TC U  TB 8B c $DTIJTB 8B c $DT  TB 8B c $DT   8 <1H , v@Now imagine the countries are distributed on the horizontal axis@   8 <4H  ZStandard  ;F TC 8 E J< 8 6X9H "`TC U  TB 8B c $DTIJTB 8B c $DT  TB 8B c $DT  ;F TC  8 E   !8 6\>H "`TC U  TB "8B c $DTIJTB #8B c $DT  TB $8B c $DT  ;F TC %8 E @ 2  &8 6CH "`TC U  TB '8B c $DTIJTB (8B c $DT  TB )8B c $DT   *8 <HH   RC3   +8 <LMH B 0  RC2   ,8 <dRH  RC1   /8 <VH    & still symbolizing a country-specific variable in C1, an identical variable in C2 and a variant in C3ggf  08 <|\H 9  sCountry definitions&   H 8 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B + 0  #$<((  <XB < 0D * XB < 0D *@ ;F TC < E 7) < 6bH "`TC U  TB <B c $DTIJTB <B c $DT  TB <B c $DT  z  < <hH ,} & the standard for the second cross-national wave can be defined using the relationships for the longitudinal study t   < <mH  ZStandard  ;F TC  < E J<  < 6qH "`TC U  TB  <B c $DTIJTB <B c $DT  TB <B c $DT  ;F TC < E   < 6$wH "`TC U  TB <B c $DTIJTB <B c $DT  TB <B c $DT  ;F TC < E @ 2  < 6|H "`TC U  TB <B c $DTIJTB <B c $DT  TB <B c $DT   < <H   RC3   < <,H B 0  RC2   < <H  RC1  ;F TC <  7)  < 6ȎH "`TC U  TB  <B c $DTIJTB !<B c $DT  TB "<B c $DT  XB #< 0D 9  $< <H 9  sCountry definitions&   H < 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B + 0  //@(  @XB @ 0D * XB @ 0D *@ ;F TC @ E 7) @ 68H "`TC U  TB @B c $DTIJTB @B c $DT  TB @B c $DT    @ <4H ,M @& and so on:    @ <̥H  ZStandard  ;F TC  @ E J<  @ 6H "`TC U  TB  @B c $DTIJTB @B c $DT  TB @B c $DT  ;F TC @ E   @ 6H "`TC U  TB @B c $DTIJTB @B c $DT  TB @B c $DT  ;F TC @ E @ 2  @ 6 H "`TC U  TB @B c $DTIJTB @B c $DT  TB @B c $DT   @ <XH   RC3   @ <8H B 0  RC2   @ <H  RC1  XB "@ 0D 9 ;F TC #@ 7)C $@ 6H "`TC U  TB %@B c $DTIJTB &@B c $DT  TB '@B c $DT  ;F TC (@ 7)  )@ 6H "`TC U  TB *@B c $DTIJTB +@B c $DT  TB ,@B c $DT  XB -@ 0DC^B .@@ 6Do 9  /@ <H 9  sCountry definitions&   ;F TC @  7)  @ 6H "`TC U  TB @B c $DTIJTB  @B c $DT  TB !@B c $DT  H @ 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B +! 0   ?h(  h;F TC h E 7) h 6H "`TC U  TB hB c $DTIJTB hB c $DT  TB hB c $DT  ;F TC h 7)C h 6H "`TC U  TB  hB c $DTIJTB  hB c $DT  TB  hB c $DT  ;F TC h 7)  h 6H "`TC U  TB hB c $DTIJTB hB c $DT  TB hB c $DT  XB h 0D 9 ^B h@ 6Do 9  h <H ,M IThe country datasets appear to grow like the branches of a christmas treeI   h <H  ZStandard  ;F TC Ih E A 3  Jh 6H "`TC U  TB KhB c $DTIJTB LhB c $DT  TB MhB c $DT   wh <DJ 9  sCountry definitions&    xh <J   RC3   yh < J B 0  RC2   zh <J  RC1   {h <J eS RC4   |h <J  & n RT1   }h <J  & N  RT2   ~h <dJ [ &   RT3   h <<#J &  RT4  XB h 0DCXB h 0D * XB h 0D *@ XB h 0DE *@ E ;F TC h E K= h 6(J "`TC U  TB hB c $DTIJTB hB c $DT  TB hB c $DT  ;F TC %h  K=  &h 6.J "`TC U  TB 'hB c $DTIJTB (hB c $DT  TB )hB c $DT  ;F TC 2h E   3h 63J "`TC U  TB 4hB c $DTIJTB 5hB c $DT  TB 6hB c $DT  ;F TC Sh  A 3  Th 68J "`TC U  TB UhB c $DTIJTB VhB c $DT  TB WhB c $DT  ;F TC  h  7)   h 6HB c $DT  TB ?HB c $DT  ;F TC JH A 3  KH 6ܞJ "`TC U  TB LHB c $DTIJTB MHB c $DT  TB NHB c $DT  ;F TC OH    PH 6J "`TC U  TB QHB c $DTIJTB RHB c $DT  TB SHB c $DT  XB TH 0D * XB UH 0D% *@ % ;F TC @H K=  AH 6J "`TC U  TB BHB c $DTIJTB CHB c $DT  TB DHB c $DT  ;F TC EH   FH 6J "`TC U  TB GHB c $DTIJTB HHB c $DT  TB IHB c $DT  ;F TC  H  7)   H 6xJ "`TC U  TB HB c $DTIJTB HB c $DT  TB HB c $DT  H H 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B +4 0 33 kkLA3(  LXB jL 0D3*3XB kL 0D*@ ;F TC L E 7) L 6HJ "`TC U  TB LB c $DTIJTB LB c $DT  TB LB c $DT  ;F TC L 7)C L 68J "`TC U  TB  LB c $DTIJTB  LB c $DT  TB  LB c $DT  ;F TC L 7)  L 6(J "`TC U  TB LB c $DTIJTB LB c $DT  TB LB c $DT  XB L 0D 9 ^B L@ 6Do 9  L <J ,M IThe country datasets appear to grow like the branches of a christmas treeI   L <J  ZStandard  ;F TC L E A 3  L 6J "`TC U  TB LB c $DTIJTB LB c $DT  TB LB c $DT   L <J 9  sCountry definitions&     L <J   RC3   !L <~J B 0  RC2   "L <J  RC1   #L <J eS RC4   $L <4J  & n RT1   %L <J  & N  RT2   &L <\J [ &   RT3   'L <J &  RT4  XB (L 0DCXB )L 0D * XB *L 0D *@ XB +L 0DE *@ E ;F TC ,L E K= -L 6K "`TC U  TB .LB c $DTIJTB /LB c $DT  TB 0LB c $DT  ;F TC 1L  K=  2L 6K "`TC U  TB 3LB c $DTIJTB 4LB c $DT  TB 5LB c $DT  ;F TC 6L E   7L 6 K "`TC U  TB 8LB c $DTIJTB 9LB c $DT  TB :LB c $DT  ;F TC ;L  A 3  LB c $DT  TB ?LB c $DT  ;F TC @L A 3  AL 6K "`TC U  TB BLB c $DTIJTB CLB c $DT  TB DLB c $DT  ;F TC EL    FL 6|K "`TC U  TB GLB c $DTIJTB HLB c $DT  TB ILB c $DT  XB JL 0D * XB KL 0D% *@ % ;F TC LL K=  ML 60K "`TC U  TB NLB c $DTIJTB OLB c $DT  TB PLB c $DT  ;F TC QL   RL 6 $K "`TC U  TB SLB c $DTIJTB TLB c $DT  TB ULB c $DT  ;F TC VL K=C WL 6)K "`TC U  TB XLB c $DTIJTB YLB c $DT  TB ZLB c $DT  ;F TC [L  C \L 6.K "`TC U  TB ]LB c $DTIJTB ^LB c $DT  TB _LB c $DT  ;F TC `L A 3 C aL 62K "`TC U  TB bLB c $DTIJTB cLB c $DT  TB dLB c $DT  ;F TC eL  C fL 67K "`TC U  TB gLB c $DTIJTB hLB c $DT  TB iLB c $DT  ;F TC  L  7)   L 6P 6K "`TC U  TB ?PB c $DTIJTB @PB c $DT  TB APB c $DT  ;F TC BP    CP 6K "`TC U  TB DPB c $DTIJTB EPB c $DT  TB FPB c $DT  XB GP 0D * XB HP 0D% *@ % ;F TC IP K=  JP 6dK "`TC U  TB KPB c $DTIJTB LPB c $DT  TB MPB c $DT  ;F TC NP   OP 6TK "`TC U  TB PPB c $DTIJTB QPB c $DT  TB RPB c $DT  ;F TC SP K=C TP 6DK "`TC U  TB UPB c $DTIJTB VPB c $DT  TB WPB c $DT  ;F TC XP  C YP 64K "`TC U  TB ZPB c $DTIJTB [PB c $DT  TB \PB c $DT  ;F TC ]P A 3 C ^P 6$K "`TC U  TB _PB c $DTIJTB `PB c $DT  TB aPB c $DT  ;F TC bP  C cP 6K "`TC U  TB dPB c $DTIJTB ePB c $DT  TB fPB c $DT  ;F TC gP  7)  hP 6K "`TC U  TB iPB c $DTIJTB jPB c $DT  TB kPB c $DT  ^ lP 6' o mP <8K ,e {We get a space and time hyper-compound dataset (a higher level dataset of higher degree)l             '             H P 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.8`Pd+D=' = @B +7 0 66 noTs6(  TXB T 0D3*3XB T 0D*@ ;F TC T E 7) T 6K "`TC U  TB TB c $DTIJTB TB c $DT  TB TB c $DT  ;F TC  T 7)C  T 6K "`TC U  TB  TB c $DTIJTB  TB c $DT  TB  TB c $DT  ;F TC T 7)  T 6 K "`TC U  TB TB c $DTIJTB TB c $DT  TB TB c $DT  XB T 0D 9 ^B T@ 6Do 9  T <pK  ZStandard  ;F TC T E A 3  T 6K "`