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White Attitudes Toward Black Civil Equality in the Nineteenth Century: Iowa's Equal Rights Referenda of 1857, 1868, and 1880

(4 datasets; 1,326 KB)

Principal Investigator(s): Dykstra, Robert R.

Summary: The primary objective of this data collection was to provide a quantitative underpinning for the analysis of Northern racial attitudes in the United States during the Civil War era. The data contain the results of the three popular referenda on Black civil equality held in 1857, 1868, and 1880 in the state of Iowa: the first just prior to the onset of the Civil War, the second following the Civil War, and the third coming at the close of the Reconstruction period. In order to provide a mo... (view full summary)

Persistent URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR04284.v1

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