Age and Sex Estimation from the Human Clavicle in the American Population, 1912-1938 and 1986-1998 (ICPSR 25901)
Version Date: Jun 19, 2014 View help for published
Principal Investigator(s): View help for Principal Investigator(s)
Natalie Langley-Shirley, University of Tennessee;
Richard L. Jantz, University of Tennessee;
Mohamed Mahfouz, University of Tennessee
https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR25901.v1
Version V1
Summary View help for Summary
This study investigated skeletal maturation and gender dimorphism in the human clavicle in the American population. Biological data were collected on two skeletal collections: the William F. McCormick Clavicle Collection and the Hamann-Todd Osteological Collection. Size and shape data were collected from computed tomography (CT) scans of the McCormick clavicles. Several automated measurements were taken on 1,413 McCormick clavicles, including three traditional and six non-traditional measurements (Dataset 1). A total of 593 individuals from the William F. McCormick Clavicle Collection (Dataset 2) and 354 individuals from the Hamann-Todd Osteological Collection (Dataset 3) were scored for medial clavicular epiphyseal fusion using McKern and Stewart's (1957) five-phase rating system.
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Subject Terms View help for Subject Terms
Geographic Coverage View help for Geographic Coverage
Smallest Geographic Unit View help for Smallest Geographic Unit
None.
Distributor(s) View help for Distributor(s)
Time Period(s) View help for Time Period(s)
Date of Collection View help for Date of Collection
Data Collection Notes View help for Data Collection Notes
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The report "Age and Sex Estimation from the Human Clavicle: An Investigation of Traditional and Novel Methods" (Shirley, 2009; NCJ 227930) references 341 males aged 16-33 years from 1950-1952 Korean War fatalities as being included in the study's analyses. Users should be aware that the quantitative data for this group of clavicles are not available as part of this ICPSR data collection. However, raw data on the McKern and Stewart Korean War Dead are available from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville at http://konig.la.utk.edu/paleod.htm.
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Users should be aware that a slight case count discrepancy exists between the data reported in the Sex Estimation section of Chapter 3 of the report "Age and Sex Estimation from the Human Clavicle: An Investigation of Traditional and Novel Methods" (Shirley, 2009; NCJ 227930) and the data provided to ICPSR. The report cites 1,414 individuals analyzed from the William F. McCormick Clavicle Collection. Dataset 1 contains 1,413 individuals.
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Users should be aware that a slight case count discrepancy exists between the data reported in the Medial Clavicular Epiphyseal Fusion section of Chapter 2 of the report "Age and Sex Estimation from the Human Clavicle: An Investigation of Traditional and Novel Methods" (Shirley, 2009; NCJ 227930) and the data provided to ICPSR. The report cites 594 individuals analyzed from the William F. McCormick Clavicle Collection. Dataset 2 contains 593 individuals.
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While the William F. McCormick Clavicle Collection is the data source for the McCormick Measurement Data (Dataset 1) and the McCormick Medial Clavicular Epiphyseal Fusion Score Data (Dataset 2), records in these two datasets cannot be linked because they do not contain a common identification variable such as an anonymized forensic case number. ICPSR added the CASEID "CASE IDENTIFIER CREATED BY ICPSR" variable to each dataset available as part of this data collection. The CASEID variable is a unique, sequential identifier in each dataset; however, it cannot be used to link or merge datasets.
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As part of this study, the principal investigator did not collect measurement data on the Hamann-Todd Human Osteological Collection.
Study Purpose View help for Study Purpose
The three purposes of the study were to (1) compare traditional methods of clavicular age and gender estimation to novel approaches, (2) develop modernized criteria for estimating clavicular age and gender, and (3) examine secular maturation trends associated with the medial clavicular epiphysis in 20th century American adults.
Study Design View help for Study Design
Biological data were collected on two skeletal collections: the William F. McCormick Clavicle Collection and the Hamann-Todd Osteological Collection. The William F. McCormick clavicles are housed at the University of Tennessee in the Anthropology Department. This documented autopsy collection consists of approximately 2,000 clavicle pairs from 1986-1998 autopsies in East Tennessee. The Hamann-Todd Human Osteological Collection is housed at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History. The collection consists of skeletal remains from approximately 3,000 cadavers autopsied between 1912 and 1938.
The William F. McCormick Clavicle Collection Measurement Data (Dataset 1) were collected from computed tomography (CT) scans of 1,413 clavicles. Several automated measurements were taken, including three traditional and six non-traditional measurements. The traditional measurements were maximum length, sagittal diameter at midshaft, and vertical diameter at midshaft. New measurements included maximum midshaft diameter, minimum midshaft diameter, maximum and minimum diameters at the medial end of the shaft, and maximum and minimum diameters at the lateral end of the shaft.
The William F. McCormick Clavicle Collection Medial Clavicular Epiphyseal Fusion Score Data (Dataset 2) were scored with McKern and Stewart's (1957) five-phase rating system. The Hamann-Todd Human Osteological Collection Medial Clavicular Epiphyseal Fusion Score Data (Dataset 3) were also scored with McKern and Stewart's (1957) five-phase rating system. A total of 593 clavicles from the William F. McCormick Clavicle Collection (Dataset 2) and 354 clavicles from the Hamann-Todd Human Osteological Collection (Dataset 3) were scored.
Sample View help for Sample
The William F. McCormick Clavicle Collection consists of approximately 2,000 clavicle pairs from 1986-1998 autopsies in East Tennessee. For the William F. McCormick Clavicle Collection Measurement Data (Dataset 1), a total of 2,145 clavicles were scanned, but only individuals 28 years of age and older were used in this study, as growth is completed by this age. In addition, fractured or otherwise pathological clavicles were omitted from Dataset 1, resulting in a final sample size of 1,413 individuals. For the William F. McCormick Clavicle Collection Medial Clavicular Epiphyseal Fusion Score Data (Dataset 2), a subset of 593 McCormick individuals aged 11-33 years was scored for medial epiphyseal fusion.
The Hamann-Todd Human Osteological Collection consists of skeletal remains from approximately 3,000 cadavers autopsied between 1912 and 1938. For the Hamann-Todd Human Osteological Collection Medial Clavicular Epiphyseal Fusion Score Data (Dataset 3), a subset of 354 individuals aged 11-30 years were scored from this collection.
Time Method View help for Time Method
Universe View help for Universe
Individuals from the William F. McCormick Clavicle Collection (Datasets 1 and 2) and individuals from the Hamann-Todd Osteological Collection (Dataset 3).
Unit(s) of Observation View help for Unit(s) of Observation
Data Source View help for Data Source
Dataset 3: Hamann-Todd Human Osteological Collection
Datasets 1 and 2: The William F. McCormick Clavicle Collection
Data Type(s) View help for Data Type(s)
Mode of Data Collection View help for Mode of Data Collection
Description of Variables View help for Description of Variables
The William F. McCormick Clavicle Collection Measurement Data (Dataset 1) are comprised of 13 variables including demographic characteristics and clavicular measurements. The demographic characteristics are age, sex, and race. The clavicular measurements are maximum length, sagittal mid-shaft diameter, vertical mid-shaft diameter, maximum mid-shaft diameter, minimum mid-shaft diameter, maximum lateral shaft diameter, minimum lateral shaft diameter, maximum medial shaft diameter, and minimum medial shaft diameter. The William F. McCormick Clavicle Collection Medial Clavicular Epiphyseal Fusion Score Data (Dataset 2) are comprised of five variables including three demographic characteristics (age, sex, and race) and the medial clavicular epiphyseal fusion score based on McKern and Stewart's (1957) five-phase rating system. The Hamann-Todd Human Osteological Collection Medial Clavicular Epiphyseal Fusion Score Data (Dataset 3) are comprised of five variables including three demographic characteristics (age, sex, and race) and the medial clavicular epiphyseal fusion score based on McKern and Stewart's (1957) five-phase rating system.
Response Rates View help for Response Rates
Not applicable.
Presence of Common Scales View help for Presence of Common Scales
Individuals sampled from the William F. McCormick Clavicle Collection (Dataset 2) and the individuals sampled from the Hamann-Todd Human Osteological Collection (Dataset 3) were scored using McKern and Stewart's (1957) five-phase rating system, with 0=unfused, 1=beginning fusion, 2=active fusion, 3=recent fusion with a scar, and 4=complete fusion with no scar.
HideOriginal Release Date View help for Original Release Date
2014-06-19
Version History View help for Version History
- Langley-Shirley, Natalie, Richard L. Jantz, and Mohamed Mahfouz. Age and Sex Estimation from the Human Clavicle in the American Population, 1912-1938 and 1986-1998. ICPSR25901-v1. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2014-06-19. http://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR25901.v1
2014-06-19 ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection:
- Created variable labels and/or value labels.
- Standardized missing values.
- Checked for undocumented or out-of-range codes.
Notes
The public-use data files in this collection are available for access by the general public. Access does not require affiliation with an ICPSR member institution.
This dataset is maintained and distributed by the National Archive of Criminal Justice Data (NACJD), the criminal justice archive within ICPSR. NACJD is primarily sponsored by three agencies within the U.S. Department of Justice: the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the National Institute of Justice, and the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.