National Archive of Criminal Justice Data
This dataset is maintained and distributed by the National Archive of Criminal Justice Data (NACJD), the criminal justice archive within ICPSR. NACJD is primarily sponsored by three agencies within the U.S. Department of Justice: the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the National Institute of Justice, and the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention .
Executions in the United States, 1608-1940: The ESPY File -- Summary Data of Executions Collected by M. Watt Espy Between 1986 and 1996 (ICPSR 23900)
Principal Investigator(s): Espy, M. Watt; Allen, Howard, Southern Illinois University - Carbondale; Clubb, Jerome M., University of Michigan
Summary:
This collection consists of four summary variables based on new data collected by M. Watt Espy between 1986 and 1996 after he corrected and updated the data in 1992. See the related collection, EXECUTIONS IN THE UNITED STATES, 1608-2002: THE ESPY FILE (ICPSR 8451). The summary variables consist of the ethnicity of the executed, the state, territory, district or colony of execution, the decade of execution, and the geographical region of execution. They were complete as of March 1, 1996.
Access Notes
These data are freely available.
Dataset(s)
Study Description
Citation
Espy, M. Watt, Howard Allen, and Jerome M. Clubb. Executions in the United States, 1608-1940: The ESPY File -- Summary Data of Executions Collected by M. Watt Espy Between 1986 and 1996. ICPSR23900-v1. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2008-12-12. doi:10.3886/ICPSR23900.v1
Persistent URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR23900.v1
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Funding
This survey was funded by:
- National Science Foundation (SES 84-09725)
Scope of Study
Subject Terms: capital punishment, crime, criminal justice system, executions, historical data, offenders, offenses
Smallest Geographic Unit: United States
Geographic Coverage: United States
Time Period:
- 1608--1940
Date of Collection:
- 1986--1996
Unit of Observation: individual
Universe: Executions that occurred under civil authority in the United States or within territory that later became the United States.
Data Types: aggregate data
Methodology
Mode of Data Collection: record abstracts
Data Source:
state Department of Corrections records, newspapers, county histories, proceedings of state and local courts, holdings of historical societies, and other listings of executions
Extent of Processing: ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection:
- Performed consistency checks.
- Checked for undocumented or out-of-range codes.
Version(s)
Original ICPSR Release: 2008-12-12
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