Description & Citation--Study No. 1

Bibliographic Description Scope of Study Methodology Access and Availability Bibliographic Description
Study No.:	00001
Title:	United States Historical Election Returns, 1824-1968
Principal Investigator(s):	Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research
Funding:	National Science Foundation (GS881)
Bibliographic Citation:	Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. United States Historical Election Returns, 1824-1968 [Computer File]. ICPSR00001-v3. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 1999-04-26. doi:10.3886/ICPSR00001.v3
Series:	United States Historical Election Returns Series
Scope of Study
Summary:	This collection of historical election data contains state files that list county-level returns for over 90 percent of all elections to the offices of president, governor, United States senator, and United States representative from 1824 through 1968. The data files include returns for all parties and candidates (as well as write-in and scattering votes if available for individual states), and for special elections as well as regularly-scheduled contests. Over 1,000 individual party names and many additional unaffiliated candidates are included.
Subject Terms:	candidates, congressional elections, counties, election returns, elections, gubernatorial elections, historical data, political attitudes, political behavior, political parties, presidential elections, senatorial elections, states (USA)
Geographic Coverage:	United States
Time Period:	1824--1968
Data Types:	aggregate data, survey data
Data Collection Notes:	The election data have been matched-merged and fixed-formatted within states. Because of the volume of data available for some states, it was necessary to store the election returns in more than one file per state. County names have been standardized, including names for counties that have experienced name changes over time. In addition to the names, a county identification number was added to all county-level records. This number allows unique identification of all counties within states. Data for elections to the office of United States representative have been collapsed to the whole-county level. The election data files for each county contain the congressional district number of that county at the time of each election for the office of United States representative. When a county was divided into more than one congressional district, a code value indicating the number of congressional districts into which the county was divided was inserted in place of the congressional district number. It is thus possible to aggregate to the congressional district level all county-level election data (except in the case of split-district counties), and to perform the aggregations for the districts as they were constituted for any Congress. Counties may have been assigned a congressional district number of zero if they were not in existence at the time of the election, did not report vote totals, or did not participate in that election. For 1970 to 1990 election returns data, see GENERAL ELECTION DATA FOR THE UNITED STATES, 1970-1990 (ICPSR 0013). Part 204, a listing of political party codes used in all data files, is an ASCII text file included as supplementary documentation. There is no actual codebook for this collection. Variable information is contained in the setup files. Some variable labels are cryptic. For example, the variable label V34="825 2 GOV 9001 VOTE" is interpreted as year of election/code for elected office/type of election/elected office/party code. There are data for one race in Delaware from 1823 included in the collection, though this year is not reflected in the title.
Methodology
Data Source:	official election returns provided by state governments
Extent of Processing:	All archived data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of disclosure. The archive also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to these procedures, the archive performed the following processing steps for this data collection: Performed consistency checks. Standardized missing values.
Access and Availability
Note:	Detailed file-level information (such as record length, case count, and variable count) is listed in the file manifest.
Original ICPSR Release:	1984-06-19
Version History:	1999-04-26 A machine-readable listing of political party codes has been added to the collection as Part 204. 1997-09-26 SAS and SPSS data definition statements have been generated for all parts, and reformatted logical record length data files are now available for Parts 12, 33, 34, 35, 84, 96, 101, 104, 130, 156, and 194.
Dataset(s):	DS1: Election Returns for Connecticut, 1824-1860 DS2: Election Returns for Connecticut, 1861-1904 DS3: Election Returns for Connecticut, 1906-1942 DS4: Election Returns for Connecticut, 1944-1968 DS5: Election Returns for Maine, 1824-1873 DS6: Election Returns for Maine, 1874-1902 DS7: Election Returns for Maine, 1906-1944 DS8: Election Returns for Maine, 1946-1968 DS9: Election Returns for Massachusetts, 1824-1855 DS10: Election Returns for Massachusetts, 1856-1895 DS11: Election Returns for Massachusetts, 1896-1928 DS12: Election Returns for Massachusetts, 1930-1964 DS13: Election Returns for Massachusetts, 1964-1968 DS14: Election Returns for New Hampshire, 1824-1871 DS15: Election Returns for New Hampshire, 1872-1875 DS16: Election Returns for New Hampshire, 1876-1918 DS17: Election Returns for New Hampshire, 1920-1926 DS18: Election Returns for New Hampshire, 1928-1964 DS19: Election Returns for New Hampshire, 1966-1968 DS20: Election Returns for Rhode Island, 1824-1866 DS21: Election Returns for Rhode Island, 1867-1899 DS22: Election Returns for Rhode Island, 1900-1903 DS23: Election Returns for Rhode Island, 1904-1938 DS24: Election Returns for Rhode Island, 1940-1944 DS25: Election Returns for Rhode Island, 1946-1968 DS26: Election Returns for Vermont, 1824-1866 DS27: Election Returns for Vermont, 1867-1910 DS28: Election Returns for Vermont, 1912-1914 DS29: Election Returns for Vermont, 1916-1950 DS30: Election Returns for Vermont, 1952-1958 DS31: Election Returns for Vermont, 1960-1968 DS32: Election Returns for Delaware, 1823-1876 DS33: Election Returns for Delaware, 1878-1920 DS34: Election Returns for Delaware, 1922-1926 DS35: Election Returns for Delaware, 1928-1968 DS36: Election Returns for New Jersey, 1824-1874 DS37: Election Returns for New Jersey, 1876-1882 DS38: Election Returns for New Jersey, 1883-1922 DS39: Election Returns for New Jersey, 1924-1953 DS40: Election Returns for New Jersey, 1954-1968 DS41: Election Returns for New York, 1824-1854 DS42: Election Returns for New York, 1856-1884 DS43: Election Returns for New York, 1885-1906 DS44: Election Returns for New York, 1908-1922 DS45: Election Returns for New York, 1923-1933 DS46: Election Returns for New York, 1934-1938 DS47: Election Returns for New York, 1940-1952 DS48: Election Returns for New York, 1954-1968 DS49: Election Returns for Pennsylvania, 1824-1876 DS50: Election Returns for Pennsylvania, 1878-1882 DS51: Election Returns for Pennsylvania, 1884-1899 DS52: Election Returns for Pennsylvania, 1900 DS53: Election Returns for Pennsylvania, 1901-1915 DS54: Election Returns for Pennsylvania, 1916-1928 DS55: Election Returns for Pennsylvania, 1930-1964 DS56: Election Returns for Pennsylvania, 1966-1968 DS57: Election Returns for Illinois, 1824-1878 DS58: Election Returns for Illinois, 1880-1910 DS59: Election Returns for Illinois, 1912-1930 DS60: Election Returns for Illinois, 1932-1968 DS61: Election Returns for Indiana, 1824-1872 DS62: Election Returns for Indiana, 1874-1926 DS63: Election Returns for Indiana, 1928-1968 DS64: Election Returns for Michigan, 1835-1874 DS65: Election Returns for Michigan, 1876-1886 DS66: Election Returns for Michigan, 1888-1920 DS67: Election Returns for Michigan, 1922-1928 DS68: Election Returns for Michigan, 1930-1960 DS69: Election Returns for Michigan, 1962-1968 DS70: Election Returns for Ohio, 1824-1873 DS71: Election Returns for Ohio, 1874-1878 DS72: Election Returns for Ohio, 1879-1916 DS73: Election Returns for Ohio, 1918-1920 DS74: Election Returns for Ohio, 1922-1948 DS75: Election Returns for Ohio, 1950 DS76: Election Returns for Ohio, 1952-1968 DS77: Election Returns for Wisconsin, 1848-1884 DS78: Election Returns for Wisconsin, 1886-1890 DS79: Election Returns for Wisconsin, 1892-1926 DS80: Election Returns for Wisconsin, 1928-1931 DS81: Election Returns for Wisconsin, 1932-1968 DS82: Election Returns for Iowa, 1846-1887 DS83: Election Returns for Iowa, 1888-1923 DS84: Election Returns for Iowa, 1924-1926 DS85: Election Returns for Iowa, 1928-1958 DS86: Election Returns for Iowa, 1960-1968 DS87: Election Returns for Kansas, 1862-1898 DS88: Election Returns for Kansas, 1900-1936 DS89: Election Returns for Kansas, 1938-1943 DS90: Election Returns for Kansas, 1944-1968 DS91: Election Returns for Minnesota, 1857-1902 DS92: Election Returns for Minnesota, 1904-1908 DS93: Election Returns for Minnesota, 1910-1946 DS94: Election Returns for Minnesota, 1948-1950 DS95: Election Returns for Minnesota, 1952-1968 DS96: Election Returns for Missouri, 1824-1872 DS97: Election Returns for Missouri, 1874-1922 DS98: Election Returns for Missouri, 1924-1968 DS99: Election Returns for Nebraska, 1866-1908 DS100: Election Returns for Nebraska, 1910-1912 DS101: Election Returns for Nebraska, 1914-1948 DS102: Election Returns for Nebraska, 1950-1952 DS103: Election Returns for Nebraska, 1954-1968 DS104: Election Returns for North Dakota, 1889-1926 DS105: Election Returns for North Dakota, 1928-1962 DS106: Election Returns for North Dakota, 1964-1968 DS107: Election Returns for South Dakota, 1889-1932 DS108: Election Returns for South Dakota, 1934-1968 DS109: Election Returns for Virginia, 1824-1888 DS110: Election Returns for Virginia, 1893-1929 DS111: Election Returns for Virginia, 1930-1932 DS112: Election Returns for Virginia, 1933-1968 DS113: Election Returns for Alabama, 1824-1874 DS114: Election Returns for Alabama, 1876-1918 DS115: Election Returns for Alabama, 1920-1960 DS116: Election Returns for Alabama, 1962-1968 DS117: Election Returns for Arkansas, 1836-1890 DS118: Election Returns for Arkansas, 1892-1902 DS119: Election Returns for Arkansas, 1904-1940 DS120: Election Returns for Arkansas, 1942 DS121: Election Returns for Arkansas, 1944-1968 DS122: Election Returns for Florida, 1845-1900 DS123: Election Returns for Florida, 1902-1914 DS124: Election Returns for Florida, 1916-1956 DS125: Election Returns for Florida, 1958-1968 DS126: Election Returns for Georgia, 1824-1860 DS127: Election Returns for Georgia, 1868-1930 DS128: Election Returns for Georgia, 1932-1946 DS129: Election Returns for Georgia, 1948-1968 DS130: Election Returns for Louisiana, 1824-1892 DS131: Election Returns for Louisiana, 1894-1938 DS132: Election Returns for Louisiana, 1940-1948 DS133: Election Returns for Louisiana, 1950-1968 DS134: Election Returns for Mississippi, 1824-1896 DS135: Election Returns for Mississippi, 1898-1941 DS136: Election Returns for Mississippi, 1942-1951 DS137: Election Returns for Mississippi, 1952-1968 DS138: Election Returns for North Carolina, 1824-1874 DS139: Election Returns for North Carolina, 1876-1928 DS140: Election Returns for North Carolina, 1930-1936 DS141: Election Returns for North Carolina, 1938-1968 DS142: Election Returns for South Carolina, 1824-1894 DS143: Election Returns for South Carolina, 1896-1904 DS144: Election Returns for South Carolina, 1906-1940 DS145: Election Returns for South Carolina, 1942-1968 DS146: Election Returns for Texas, 1846-1896 DS147: Election Returns for Texas, 1898-1931 DS148: Election Returns for Texas, 1932-1936 DS149: Election Returns for Texas, 1937-1968 DS150: Election Returns for Kentucky, 1824-1875 DS151: Election Returns for Kentucky, 1876-1880 DS152: Election Returns for Kentucky, 1882-1928 DS153: Election Returns for Kentucky, 1929-1959 DS154: Election Returns for Kentucky, 1960-1968 DS155: Election Returns for Maryland, 1824-1880 DS156: Election Returns for Maryland, 1882-1924 DS157: Election Returns for Maryland, 1926-1968 DS158: Election Returns for Oklahoma, 1907-1938 DS159: Election Returns for Oklahoma, 1940-1948 DS160: Election Returns for Oklahoma, 1950-1968 DS161: Election Returns for Tennessee, 1825-1882 DS162: Election Returns for Tennessee, 1884-1930 DS163: Election Returns for Tennessee, 1932-1968 DS164: Election Returns for West Virginia, 1863-1916 DS165: Election Returns for West Virginia, 1918-1954 DS166: Election Returns for West Virginia, 1956-1968 DS167: Election Returns for Arizona, 1911-1944 DS168: Election Returns for Arizona, 1946-1952 DS169: Election Returns for Arizona, 1954-1968 DS170: Election Returns for Colorado, 1876-1910 DS171: Election Returns for Colorado, 1912-1914 DS172: Election Returns for Colorado, 1916-1946 DS173: Election Returns for Colorado, 1948-1968 DS174: Election Returns for Idaho, 1890-1924 DS175: Election Returns for Idaho, 1926-1934 DS176: Election Returns for Idaho, 1936-1968 DS177: Election Returns for Montana, 1889-1932 DS178: Election Returns for Montana, 1934-1968 DS179: Election Returns for Nevada, 1864-1912 DS180: Election Returns for Nevada, 1914-1924 DS181: Election Returns for Nevada, 1926-1960 DS182: Election Returns for Nevada, 1962-1968 DS183: Election Returns for New Mexico, 1911-1942 DS184: Election Returns for New Mexico, 1944-1968 DS185: Election Returns for Utah, 1896-1936 DS186: Election Returns for Utah, 1938-1946 DS187: Election Returns for Utah, 1948-1968 DS188: Election Returns for Wyoming, 1890-1930 DS189: Election Returns for Wyoming, 1932-1968 DS190: Election Returns for California, 1849-1894 DS191: Election Returns for California, 1896-1900 DS192: Election Returns for California, 1902-1936 DS193: Election Returns for California, 1938-1944 DS194: Election Returns for California, 1946-1968 DS195: Election Returns for Oregon, 1858-1904 DS196: Election Returns for Oregon, 1906-1916 DS197: Election Returns for Oregon, 1918-1952 DS198: Election Returns for Oregon, 1954-1968 DS199: Election Returns for Washington, 1889-1924 DS200: Election Returns for Washington, 1926-1930 DS201: Election Returns for Washington, 1932-1968 DS202: Election Returns for Alaska, 1958-1968 DS203: Election Returns for Hawaii, 1959-1968 DS204: Political Party Codes

Data Citation

Why should I cite data?

Description & Citation--Study No. 1

Bibliographic Description

Scope of Study

Methodology

Access and Availability