nmm 22 4500 ICPSR04338 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130525s2006 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR04338 MiAaI MiAaI Developing a Comprehensive Empirical Model of Policing in the United States, 1996-1999 [electronic resource] L. Edward Wells , David N. Falcone 2006-09-06 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2006 ICPSR 4338 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-25. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The aim of this study was to provide a systematic empirical assessment of three basic organizational premises of Community-Oriented Policing (COP). This study constructed a comprehensive data set by synthesizing data available in separate national data sets on police agencies and communities. The base data source used was the 1999 Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics (LEMAS) survey [LAW ENFORCEMENT MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATIVE STATISTICS (LEMAS), 1999 (ICPSR 3079)], which contained data on police organizational characteristics and on adoption of community-oriented policing procedures. The 1999 survey was supplemented with additional organizational variables from the 1997 LEMAS survey [LAW ENFORCEMENT MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATIVE STATISTICS (LEMAS), 1997 (ICPSR 2700)] and from the 1996 Directory of Law Enforcement Agencies [DIRECTORY OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES, 1996: [UNITED STATES] (ICPSR 2260)]. Data on community characteristics were extracted from the 1994 County and City Data Book, from the 1996 to 1999 Uniform Crime Reports [UNIFORM CRIME REPORTING PROGRAM DATA. [UNITED STATES]: OFFENSES KNOWN AND CLEARANCES BY ARREST (1996-1997: ICPSR 9028, 1998: ICPSR 2904, 1999: ICPSR 3158)], from the 1990 and 2000 Census Gazetteer files, and from Rural-Urban Community classifications. The merging of the separate data sources was accomplished by using the Law Enforcement Agency Identifiers Crosswalk file [LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY IDENTIFIERS CROSSWALK [UNITED STATES], 1996 (ICPSR 2876)]. In all, 23 data files from eight separate sources collected by four different governmental agencies were used to create the merged data set. The entire merging process resulted in a combined final sample of 3,005 local general jurisdiction policing agencies. Variables for this study provide information regarding police organizational structure include type of government, type of agency, and number and various types of employees. Several indices from the LEMAS surveys are also provided. Community-oriented policing variables are the percent of full-time sworn employees assigned to COP positions, if the agency had a COP plan, and several indices from the 1999 LEMAS survey. Community context variables include various Census population categories, rural-urban continuum (Beale) codes, urban influence codes, and total serious crime rate for different year ranges. Geographic variables include FIPS State, county, and place codes, and region. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR04338.v1 community policing icpsr organizational structure icpsr police departments icpsr workers icpsr ICPSR XVII.E. Social Institutions and Behavior, Crime and the Criminal Justice System NACJD IX. Police Wells, L. Edward Falcone, David N. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 4338 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR04338.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR03398 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130525s2002 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR03398 MiAaI MiAaI Gangs in Rural America, 1996-1998 [electronic resource] Ralph A. Weisheit , L. Edward Wells 2002-07-30 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2002 ICPSR 3398 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-25. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. This study was undertaken to enable cross-community analysis of gang trends in all areas of the United States. It was also designed to provide a comparative analysis of social, economic, and demographic differences among non-metropolitan jurisdictions in which gangs were reported to have been persistent problems, those in which gangs had been more transitory, and those that reported no gang problems. Data were collected from four separate sources and then merged into a single dataset using the county Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) code as the attribute of common identification. The data sources included: (1) local police agency responses to three waves (1996, 1997, and 1998) of the National Youth Gang Survey (NYGS), (2) rural-urban classification and county-level measures of primary economic activity from the Economic Research Service (ERS) of the United States Department of Agriculture, (3) county-level economic and demographic data from the County and City Data Book, 1994, and from USA Counties, 1998, produced by the United States Department of Commerce, and (4) county-level data on access to interstate highways provided by Tom Ricketts and Randy Randolph of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Variables include the FIPS codes for state, county, county subdivision, and sub-county, population in the agency jurisdiction, type of jurisdiction, and whether the county was dependent on farming, mining, manufacturing, or government. Other variables categorizing counties include retirement destination, federal lands, commuting, persistent poverty, and transfer payments. The year gang problems began in that jurisdiction, number of youth groups, number of active gangs, number of active gang members, percent of gang members who migrated, and the number of gangs in 1996, 1997, and 1998 are also available. Rounding out the variables are unemployment rates, median household income, percent of persons in county below poverty level, percent of family households that were one-parent households, percent of housing units in the county that were vacant, had no telephone, or were renter-occupied, resident population of the county in 1990 and 1997, change in unemployment rates, land area of county, percent of persons in the county speaking Spanish at home, and whether an interstate highway intersected the county. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR03398.v1 demographic characteristics icpsr economic indicators icpsr gang members icpsr gangs icpsr police response icpsr rural areas icpsr rural crime icpsr social indicators icpsr ICPSR XVII.E. Social Institutions and Behavior, Crime and the Criminal Justice System NACJD IX. Police Weisheit, Ralph A. Wells, L. Edward Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 3398 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR03398.v1