nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01225 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2000 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01225 MiAaI MiAaI 1980 and 1990 Industrial Structure Measures [electronic resource] Robert L. Kaufman 2008-03-26 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2000 ICPSR 1225 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The major objective of this research project was to analyze differences among race-sex groups in their distribution across industrial and occupational segments and in the rewards that they receive from these positions. Two sets of analyses of the causes and results of the differential distribution among Black women, Black men, white women, and white men are provided, and the redistribution of these groups across labor market positions is also examined. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01225.v1 gender icpsr industry icpsr occupations icpsr race icpsr RCMD VI. History ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Kaufman, Robert L. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1225 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01225.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01335 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2006 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01335 MiAaI MiAaI The 1990s Acceleration in Labor Productivity [electronic resource] Causes and Measurement Richard G. Anderson , Kevin L. Kliesen 2006-11-29 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2006 ICPSR 1335 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The acceleration of labor productivity growth that began during the mid-1990s is the defining economic event of the past decade. A consensus has arisen among economists that the acceleration was caused by technological innovations that decreased the quality-adjusted prices of semiconductors and related information and communications technology (ICT) products, including digital computers. In sharp contrast to the previous 20 years, services-producing sectors heavy users of ICT products-led the productivity increase, besting even a robust manufacturing sector. In this article, the authors survey the performance of the services-producing and goods-producing sectors and examine revisions to aggregate labor productivity data of the type commonly discussed by policymakers. The revisions, at times, were large enough to reverse preliminary conclusions regarding productivity growth slowdowns and accelerations. The anticipated acceleration in the services sector and the large size of revisions to aggregate data combine to shed light on why economists were slow to recognize the productivity acceleration. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01335.v1 communications systems icpsr labor productivity icpsr technological change icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Anderson, Richard G. Kliesen, Kevin L. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1335 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01335.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01292 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2003 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01292 MiAaI MiAaI The 2001 Recession [electronic resource] How Was It Different and What Developments May Have Caused It? Kevin L. Kliesen 2003-10-09 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2003 ICPSR 1292 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The 2001 recession was unique in several respects. For instance, the peak-to-trough decline in real Gross Domestic Product was one of the smallest on record and its duration was slightly shorter than average. This article examines some of the other unique features of the 2001 recession compared with the "average" post-World War II recession. The author also shows that forecasters were surprised by the onset of the recession, perhaps because of incomplete data available to them in real time. Finally, the article examines the errors from a well-known macroeconomic forecast and finds that forecasters were surprised by the declines in real business and household fixed investment, as well as real net exports, before the March 2001 business cycle peak. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01292.v1 forecasting icpsr Gross Domestic Product icpsr investments icpsr recession icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Kliesen, Kevin L. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1292 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01292.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01049 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01049 MiAaI MiAaI The Adjustment Mechanism [electronic resource] Maurice Obstfeld 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1049 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01049.v1 ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Obstfeld, Maurice Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1049 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01049.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01005 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01005 MiAaI MiAaI Advance Notice Provisions in Plant Closings [electronic resource] Ronald Ehrenberg , George Jakubson 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1005 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01005.v1 plant closings icpsr industrial plants icpsr labor force icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Ehrenberg, Ronald Jakubson, George Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1005 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01005.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR26901 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2009 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR26901 MiAaI MiAaI Aggregate Dynamics of Campaigns [electronic resource] Janet M. Box-Steffensmeier , David Darmofal , Christian A. Farrell 2009-12-01 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2009 ICPSR 26901 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Daily interactions between partisan elites, the media, and citizens are the driving dynamic of election campaigns and the central determinant of their outcomes. Accordingly, we develop a theory of campaign dynamics that departs from previous top-down models of campaign effects in its emphasis on the reciprocal campaign interactions between these actors. We examine these interactions with daily data on campaign expenditures, media coverage, and voter support in the 2000 presidential campaign. We find that partisan elites, the media, and citizens each played critical and interdependent roles in creating the dynamics of the campaign and producing the closest election in decades. We also find that the Gore campaign was hindered by its delayed responsiveness to the Bush campaign and its unwillingness to reinforce positive media coverage of Gore with increased campaign expenditures. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR26901.v1 Bush, George W. icpsr voting behavior icpsr campaign expenditures icpsr campaigns icpsr citizens icpsr election campaigns icpsr Gore, Al icpsr media coverage icpsr presidential campaigns icpsr presidential elections icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Box-Steffensmeier, Janet M. Darmofal, David Farrell, Christian A. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 26901 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR26901.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01093 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01093 MiAaI MiAaI Aggregate Economic Data, United States, 1947-1989 [electronic resource] Dale W. Jorgenson 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1093 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01093.v1 economic history icpsr economic growth icpsr economic trends icpsr economics icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Jorgenson, Dale W. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1093 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01093.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01017 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01017 MiAaI MiAaI An Aging Society [electronic resource] David M. Cutler , James M. Poterba , Louise M. Sheiner , Lawrence H. Summers 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1017 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01017.v1 aging icpsr aging population icpsr gerontology icpsr older adults icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Cutler, David M. Poterba, James M. Sheiner, Louise M. Summers, Lawrence H. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1017 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01017.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01222 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2000 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01222 MiAaI MiAaI Agricultural Outcomes and Monetary Policy Actions [electronic resource] Strange Bedfellows or Kissin' Cousins? Kevin L. Kliesen , William Poole 2000-08-28 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2000 ICPSR 1222 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. United States agriculture is a success story of high productivity growth maintained over a long period of time. Nevertheless, the industry today suffers from the same problems it has always suffered from: droughts, locusts, and market disruptions. In this article, the authors explain how monetary policy can contribute to a healthy agriculture sector. The reality is that the fundamental economic forces controlling the destiny of agriculture -- high productivity growth, the hazards of nature, the low price and income elasticities of demand, and the instability of conditions in important export markets -- are things that the Federal Reserve Board can do nothing about. The main message is that the best the Fed can do to stabilize the agricultural sector is to maintain low and steady inflation. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01222.v1 agricultural productivity icpsr agriculture icpsr monetary policy icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Kliesen, Kevin L. Poole, William Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1222 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01222.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01015 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01015 MiAaI MiAaI Airline Safety Performance Data [electronic resource] Nancy L. Rose 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1015 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01015.v1 aircraft icpsr air transportation icpsr air travel icpsr product safety icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Rose, Nancy L. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1015 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01015.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01113 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01113 MiAaI MiAaI American Ambivalence Toward Abortion Policy [electronic resource] 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1113 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Examination of conflicting core values pertaining to abortion policy using the 1982 General Social Survey, and development of a heteroskedastic probit model for modeling response ambivalence. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01113.v1 abortion icpsr ambivalence icpsr social values icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1113 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01113.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR22780 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2008 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR22780 MiAaI MiAaI The Analysis of Budget Consolidations [electronic resource] Concepts, Research Designs and Measurement Georg Wenzelburger 2008-06-25 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2008 ICPSR 22780 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Fiscal adjustments have been examined from different perspectives in the literature. However, the conceptual approaches to the analysis of budget consolidations vary substantially. Therefore different approaches to the analysis of fiscal adjustments are discussed in a first step. It is shown that the choices regarding the underlying concepts lead to specific research designs and influence the appropriate empirical method. In a second step, the determinants of budget consolidations are examined empirically in four different research designs for 23 industrialized countries in the 1990s. The analysis shows that the results vary depending on the method applied. However, economic variables seem to play the most important role in explaining the consolidation performance. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR22780.v1 budgets icpsr economic growth icpsr economic indicators icpsr economic models icpsr fiscal policy icpsr Gross Domestic Product icpsr industrial nations icpsr industrialization icpsr public policy icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Wenzelburger, Georg Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 22780 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR22780.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01321 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2005 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01321 MiAaI MiAaI Analysis of Recent Studies of the Effect of Foreign Exchange Interventions [electronic resource] Christopher J. Neely 2005-11-28 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2005 ICPSR 1321 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Two recent strands of research have contributed to our understanding of the effects of foreign exchange intervention: (1) the use of high-frequency data and (2) the use of event studies to evaluate the effects of intervention. This article surveys recent empirical studies of the effect of foreign exchange intervention and analyzes the implicit assumptions and limitations of such work. After explicitly detailing such drawbacks, the paper suggests ways to better investigate the effects of intervention. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01321.v1 foreign exchange icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Neely, Christopher J. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1321 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01321.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01264 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2002 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01264 MiAaI MiAaI Archive of the Controversy Involving Wendy K. Tam Cho and Brian J. Gains, THE AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE REVIEW [electronic resource] Barry C. Burden , Gary King , David C. Kimball 2002-08-13 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2002 ICPSR 1264 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The files in this archive document the controversy that led to the withdrawal of a forthcoming AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE REVIEW article by Cho and Gaines. The materials explain the note offered by APSR editor Ada Finifter in the December 2001 issue. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01264.v1 political science icpsr research icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Burden, Barry C. King, Gary Kimball, David C. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1264 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01264.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01095 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01095 MiAaI MiAaI ARCH Models [electronic resource] T. Bollerslef , R.F. Engle , D.B. Nelson 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1095 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01095.v1 ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Bollerslef, T. Engle, R.F. Nelson, D.B. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1095 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01095.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01030 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01030 MiAaI MiAaI Are Consumers Forward Looking? [electronic resource] James Poterba 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1030 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01030.v1 consumer attitudes icpsr consumer behavior icpsr consumer expectations icpsr consumers icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Poterba, James Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1030 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01030.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01153 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1998 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01153 MiAaI MiAaI Are Federal Funds Rate Changes Consistent with Price Stability? Results From an Indicator Model [electronic resource] Michael J. Dueker , Andreas M. Fisher 1998-08-27 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1998 ICPSR 1153 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The purpose of the article is to explain changes in the federal funds rate and the outcome of an implicit policy of inflation targeting. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01153.v1 economic policy icpsr federal aid icpsr inflation icpsr price indexes icpsr prices icpsr price trends icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Dueker, Michael J. Fisher, Andreas M. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1153 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01153.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01168 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1998 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01168 MiAaI MiAaI Are Prices Countercyclical? Evidence From East Asian Countries [electronic resource] Yang Woo Kim 1998-08-27 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1998 ICPSR 1168 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The data document the empirical evidence regarding the cyclical behavior of prices and inflation in two rapidly growing developing countries, Korea and Taiwan. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01168.v1 inflation icpsr price indexes icpsr price trends icpsr prices icpsr IDRC II. Economic Data ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Kim, Yang Woo Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1168 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01168.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01155 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1998 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01155 MiAaI MiAaI Are Some Agricultural Banks Too Agricultural? [electronic resource] Kevin L. Kliesen , R. Alton Gilbert 1998-08-27 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1998 ICPSR 1155 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. This data collection discusses the vulnerability of agricultural banks to a downturn in the agricultural sector. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01155.v1 banks icpsr financial management icpsr financial policy icpsr agriculture icpsr agricultural policy icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Kliesen, Kevin L. Gilbert, R. Alton Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1155 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01155.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01217 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2000 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01217 MiAaI MiAaI Asian Crisis and the Exposure of Large United States Firms [electronic resource] William R. Emmons , Frank A. Schmid 2000-05-02 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2000 ICPSR 1217 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. A deep financial and economic crisis ravaged many Asian nations during 1997 and 1998. In this article, the authors examine the impact of the crisis on corporate risk for a subset of large United States firms that are included in the Standard & Poor (S&P) 100 stock market index. They find that the Asian crisis changed many of these firms' exposure to stock market movements -- that is, their "betas," or sensitivity to stock market risk. In particular, the extent of a firm's sales exposure to Asia appears to be an important link through which the crisis affected beta. This effect is amplified by greater financial leverage. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01217.v1 corporations icpsr economic conditions icpsr economic crises icpsr stock market conditions icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Emmons, William R. Schmid, Frank A. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1217 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01217.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01075 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01075 MiAaI MiAaI Assessing Applied Econometric Results [electronic resource] Carl F. Christ , David A. Dickey 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1075 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01075.v1 economic models icpsr econometrics icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Christ, Carl F. Dickey, David A. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1075 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01075.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01037 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01037 MiAaI MiAaI Asset Market Experiments, 1986-1990 [electronic resource] Daniel Friedman , Thomas E. Copeland 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1037 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01037.v1 economics icpsr market economy icpsr markets icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Friedman, Daniel Copeland, Thomas E. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1037 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01037.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01267 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2003 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01267 MiAaI MiAaI Aviation Security and Terrorism [electronic resource] A Review of the Economic Issues Cletus Coughlin , Jeffrey P. Cohen , Sarosh R. Khan 2003-04-25 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2003 ICPSR 1267 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Following the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, the passage of the Aviation and Transportation Act mandated a substantial increase in resources devoted to aviation security. This paper summarized the specific changes stemming from this legislation. In addition, the paper examines the economic issues underlying the regulation and provision of aviation security. The fact that security at one airport can affect the well-being of those at other airports and elsewhere, an example of a network externality (spillover), provides an economic justification for governmental involvement in aviation security. A fundamental question is whether the federal role should be restricted to setting and monitoring security standards or whether the role should also include the financing and implementation of security. A controversial change is that the federal government has assumed responsibility from the airlines and airports for the actual provision of aviation security. Proponents of this change argue that, relative to private provision, public provision reduces the incentives to reduce quality through cost reductions. On the other hand, a public agency might not provide security services efficiently because it can operate in a more-or-less monopolistic way. Furthermore, a public agency might provide an excessive amount of security and incur unnecessary expenses because it is likely to be judged on its security record and not on all the attributes encompassed by air transportation services for consumers. Thus, economic theory does not provide a clear answer to what is likely to be a continuing source of controversy -- the appropriate scope of governmental involvement in aviation security. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01267.v1 aircraft security icpsr airport security icpsr counterterrorism icpsr national security icpsr public safety icpsr security systems icpsr terrorism icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive TPDRC I. Terrorism Coughlin, Cletus Cohen, Jeffrey P. Khan, Sarosh R. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1267 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01267.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01224 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2000 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01224 MiAaI MiAaI Bank Competition and Concentrations [electronic resource] The Impact of Credit Unions William R. Emmons , Frank A. Schmid 2000-08-28 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2000 ICPSR 1224 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. One aspect of the financial services industry is that for-profit institutions, such as commercial banks, compete directly with not-for-profit financial intermediaries, such as credit unions. In this article, the authors analyze the competition between banks and credit unions. Using annual county-level data on banking-market concentration and household participation rates at occupational credit unions for the period between 1989 and 1996, the authors find empirical evidence of two-way competitive interactions between banks and credit unions. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01224.v1 financial management icpsr banks icpsr credit unions icpsr finance icpsr financial institutions icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Emmons, William R. Schmid, Frank A. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1224 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01224.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01290 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2003 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01290 MiAaI MiAaI Behavioral Origins of War [electronic resource] D. Scott Bennett , Allan C. Stam 2003-11-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2003 ICPSR 1290 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. In this book the authors analyze systemic, binary, and individual factors in order to evaluate a wide variety of theories about the origins of war. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01290.v1 world problems icpsr war icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive IDRC I. Conflict Data Bennett, D. Scott Stam, Allan C. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1290 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01290.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01002 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01002 MiAaI MiAaI A Bibliography and Database of Hyperinflations [electronic resource] Stanley Fisher , Rudiger Dornbusch 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1002 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01002.v1 ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Fisher, Stanley Dornbusch, Rudiger Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1002 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01002.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR29341 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2010 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR29341 MiAaI MiAaI Budget Balances (Deficits and Surpluses) for 54 Middle Income Countries From 1976-2007 [electronic resource] Michael G. Hall 2010-09-27 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2010 ICPSR 29341 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. This study examines whether opportunistic and partisan business cycles influence fiscal policy in 54 developing countries when controlling for de facto exchange rate regimes and capital mobility. With most exchange rate regimes, leftist parties are more likely to engage in expansionary fiscal policy, but are less likely to do so as capital mobility rises. With a rigidly fixed rate, however, leftist parties engage in more fiscal expansion with higher capital mobility. Unless an exchange rate is freely falling, an election is more likely to encourage fiscal expansion when capital mobility is high. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR29341.v1 business cycles icpsr exchange rates icpsr fiscal policy icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Hall, Michael G. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 29341 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR29341.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR23040 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2008 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR23040 MiAaI MiAaI Building the RePass PTR Measure of Ideology [electronic resource] David RePass 2008-08-11 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2008 ICPSR 23040 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. In the article "Searching for Voters along the Liberal-Conservative Continuum: The Infrequent Ideologue and the Missing Middle," the author presents a measure which can ascertain the ideological orientation of American voters. The measure identifies which voters are liberals, which are conservatives, and which are middle-of-the-roaders. The measure combines responses to four variables that can be found in most American National Elections Study (ANES) datasets since 1972. This archived document is a write-up of the exact method used to build the measure. The instructions also include the SPSS syntax used. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR23040.v1 beliefs icpsr political parties icpsr political systems icpsr Republican Party (USA) icpsr voters icpsr voting attitudes icpsr voting behavior icpsr conservatism icpsr Conservative Party icpsr Democratic Party (USA) icpsr elections icpsr Liberal Party icpsr liberalism icpsr party identification icpsr political ideologies icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive RePass, David Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 23040 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR23040.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01298 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2004 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01298 MiAaI MiAaI Burgernomics [electronic resource] The Big Mac Guide to Purchasing Power Parity Michael R. Pakko , Patricia S. Pollard 2004-08-12 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2004 ICPSR 1298 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The theory of purchasing power parity (PPP) has long been a staple of international economic analysis. Recent years have seen the rise in popularity of a tongue-in-cheek, fastfood version of PPP: The Big Mac index. In this article, Michael Pakko and Patricia Pollard describe how comparisons of Big Mac prices around the world contain the ingredients necessary to demonstrate the fundamental principles of PPP. They show that the Big Mac index does nearly as well as more comprehensive measures of international price comparisons and that deviations from "McParity" illustrate why PPP often appears not to hold as a practical matter. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01298.v1 economics icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Pakko, Michael R. Pollard, Patricia S. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1298 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01298.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01178 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1998 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01178 MiAaI MiAaI Business Cycle and Chain-Weighted GDP [electronic resource] Has Our Perspective Changed? Michael R. Pakko 1998-10-06 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1998 ICPSR 1178 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Our perspective on the United States economy's recent performance has been challenged recently by changes in the methodology used to adjust the National Income and Product Accounts for inflation. This research surveys the changes embodied in the revised data, examining the question of whether the revisions alter the view of the overall pattern of economic fluctuations known collectively as the business cycle. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01178.v1 business cycles icpsr national economy icpsr economic conditions icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Pakko, Michael R. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1178 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01178.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01152 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1998 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01152 MiAaI MiAaI Capacity Utilization and Prices Within Industries [electronic resource] Peter S. Yoo 1998-08-27 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1998 ICPSR 1152 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The data collection consists of capacity utilization rate data and price data for 23 industrial sectors that are used to determine whether these two variables show significant correlations within individual industries. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01152.v1 industry icpsr price fluctuations icpsr price trends icpsr prices icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Yoo, Peter S. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1152 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01152.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01271 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2003 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01271 MiAaI MiAaI Case Study of a Currency Crisis [electronic resource] The Russian Default of 1998 Abbigail J. Chiodo , Michael T. Owyang 2003-04-18 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2003 ICPSR 1271 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. This paper uses a currency crisis framework to analyze the currency devaluation and debt default of post-Soviet Russia in August 1998. The authors show that even though the Russian economy recorded positive growth immediately preceding the default, the atmosphere was reflective of an impending crisis. The authors then consider the symptoms of a currency crisis -- specifically public and private debt responsibilities, devaluation expectations, and contractionary monetary policy -- and show that they were present in Russia at that time. Three generations of currency crisis models are reviewed, followed by speculation that the Russian default was a product not only of fiscal deficits but also of a fragile financial system and contractionary monetary policy. The authors address the possibility that the usual prescription for a currency crisis, that is, increasing interest rates, may have accelerated the default and that a case-by-case prescription may afford a better solution than a blanket policy of increasing interest rates in the face of devaluation. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01271.v1 monetary policy icpsr currencies icpsr currency devaluation icpsr economic crises icpsr economic indicators icpsr IDRC II. Economic Data ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Chiodo, Abbigail J. Owyang, Michael T. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1271 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01271.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01099 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01099 MiAaI MiAaI Case Study of Monetary Control [electronic resource] 1980-1982 R. Alton Gilbert 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1099 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01099.v1 currencies icpsr monetary policy icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Gilbert, R. Alton Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1099 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01099.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01297 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2004 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01297 MiAaI MiAaI Casino Gaming and Local Employment Trends [electronic resource] Thomas A. Garrett 2004-08-12 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2004 ICPSR 1297 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Casino gambling has become a major industry in the United States. Economic development, especially through increases in employment, is the primary justification for casino development in a local area. This article estimates the employment effects of casino gambling for six counties in the Midwest and southern United States using ARIMA forecasting models. The results suggest that rural counties that adopt casino gambling as a major industry experience significant gains in payroll and household employment. The effects are less pronounced in urban counties, partly due to the higher volatility of their employment data relative to those rural counties. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01297.v1 casinos icpsr gambling icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Garrett, Thomas A. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1297 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01297.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01036 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01036 MiAaI MiAaI Causes of Preference Reversal, Study 1 [electronic resource] Sets I, II, and III Paul Slovic 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1036 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01036.v1 ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Slovic, Paul Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1036 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01036.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01085 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01085 MiAaI MiAaI Can the Central Bank Achieve Price Stability? [electronic resource] Jerome L. Stein 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1085 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01085.v1 Federal Reserve System icpsr financial policy icpsr price controls icpsr price fluctuations icpsr price indexes icpsr price trends icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Stein, Jerome L. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1085 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01085.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR31761 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2011 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR31761 MiAaI MiAaI Census of Manufactures, Motor Vehicle and Textile Industry Plants, 1929, 1931, 1933, 1935 [United States] [electronic resource] Timothy F. Bresnahan , Daniel M. G. Raff 2011-10-28 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2011 ICPSR 31761 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. This data collection consists of individual-plant data from the Census of Manufactures, conducted by the United States Bureau of the Census, for 1929, 1931, 1933, and 1935. The purpose of this research was to analyze the economic behavior of the American industrial economy during the period 1929-1935, which spans the largest decline in demand ever to strike the manufacturing sector of the economy. This project created establishment panel data sets for the automotive, automotive parts, and textile industries. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR31761.v1 automobile industry icpsr economic behavior icpsr industrial plants icpsr industrial production icpsr manufacturing industry icpsr national economy icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Bresnahan, Timothy F. Raff, Daniel M. G. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 31761 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR31761.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01064 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01064 MiAaI MiAaI Central Bank Independence and Economic Performance [electronic resource] Patricia S. Pollard 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1064 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01064.v1 central banks icpsr economic conditions icpsr Federal Reserve System icpsr finance icpsr financial management icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Pollard, Patricia S. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1064 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01064.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01145 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1998 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01145 MiAaI MiAaI Changes in the Distribution of Wealth [electronic resource] Increasing Inequality John C. Weicher 1998-08-27 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1998 ICPSR 1145 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The data collection describes changes in the distribution of wealth among United States households that occurred between 1983 and 1989 and analyzes the role of several demographic and economic factors in contributing to the changes. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01145.v1 economic conditions icpsr households icpsr income distribution icpsr personal wealth icpsr prosperity icpsr wealth icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Weicher, John C. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1145 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01145.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01164 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1998 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01164 MiAaI MiAaI Changes in Inventory Management and the Business Cycle [electronic resource] Donald S. Allen 1998-08-27 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1998 ICPSR 1164 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The data examine whether changes in the methods of inventory management will have a major impact on the amplitude or duration of the business cycle. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01164.v1 business cycles icpsr businesses icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Allen, Donald S. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1164 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01164.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR24542 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2009 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR24542 MiAaI MiAaI Changing the Rules [electronic resource] State Mortgage Foreclosure Moratoria During the Great Depression David C. Wheelock 2009-01-09 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2009 ICPSR 24542 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Many U.S. states imposed temporary moratoria on farm and nonfarm residential mortgage foreclosures during the Great Depression. This article describes the conditions that led some states to impose these moratoria and other mortgage relief during the Depression and discusses the economic effects. Moratoria were more common in states with large farm populations (as a percentage of total state population) and high farm mortgage foreclosure rates, although nonfarm mortgage distress appears to help explain why a few states with relatively low farm foreclosure rates also imposed moratoria. The moratoria reduced farm foreclosure rates in the short run, but they also appear to have reduced the supply of loans and made credit more expensive for subsequent borrowers. The evidence from the Great Depression demonstrates how government actions to reduce foreclosures can impose costs that should be weighed against potential benefits. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR24542.v1 Federal Home Loan Mortgage Association icpsr mortgage companies icpsr mortgage payments icpsr property values icpsr refinancing icpsr Federal National Mortgage Association icpsr foreclosures icpsr Great Depression (1929) icpsr home ownership icpsr income icpsr loans icpsr moratoria icpsr mortgage icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Wheelock, David C. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 24542 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR24542.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR21582 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2008 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR21582 MiAaI MiAaI Changing Trends in the Labor Force [electronic resource] A Survey Riccardo DiCecio , Kristie M. Engemann , Michael T. Owyang , Christopher H. Wheeler 2008-01-10 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2008 ICPSR 21582 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The composition of the American workforce has changed dramatically over the past half century as a result of both the emergence of married women as a substantial component of the labor force and an increase in the number of minority workers. The aging of the population has contributed to this change as well. In this paper, the authors review the evidence of changing labor force participation rates, estimate the trends in labor force participation over the past 50 years, and find that aggregate participation has stabilized after a period of persistent increases. Moreover, they examine the disparate labor force participation experiences of different demographic groups. Finally, they survey some of the studies that have provided explanations for these differences. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR21582.v1 work icpsr working women icpsr careers icpsr age groups icpsr economic conditions icpsr economic trends icpsr economic indicators icpsr employment icpsr ethnicity icpsr jobs icpsr labor force icpsr labor (work) icpsr labor market icpsr minorities icpsr unemployment icpsr unemployment rate icpsr wage earners icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive DiCecio, Riccardo Engemann, Kristie M. Owyang, Michael T. Wheeler, Christopher H. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 21582 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR21582.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01072 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01072 MiAaI MiAaI Can Nominal Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Targeting Rules Stabilize the Economy? [electronic resource] Michael J. Dueker 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1072 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01072.v1 ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Dueker, Michael J. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1072 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01072.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01131 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1997 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01131 MiAaI MiAaI Coercion and Protest [electronic resource] An Empirical Test in Two Democratic States Ronald A. Francisco 1997-05-16 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1997 ICPSR 1131 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Data on protest and coercion aggregated weekly in Germany (1982 through 1992) and Northern Ireland (1982-1993). A codebook provides a guide to the variables and coding methods. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01131.v1 democracy icpsr social control icpsr social problems icpsr social protest icpsr IDRC I. Conflict Data IDRC III. Electoral Systems and Political Behavior IDRC VI. Human Dimension of International Relations ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Francisco, Ronald A. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1131 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01131.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01318 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2006 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01318 MiAaI MiAaI Cohorts, Chronology, and Collective Memories [electronic resource] Howard Schuman , Willard L. Rodgers 2006-01-31 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2006 ICPSR 1318 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. We asked Americans to tell us the national and world events that they believe to have been especially important since the 1930's, using replicated cross-section surveys carried out in 1985, in 2000, and September 11, 2001. Our primary interests are, first, in how collective memories change as new events occur, such as the end of the Cold War or the 9/11 terrorist attack, and second, in whether the origin of such memories during the critical period of adolescence and early adulthood, as well as their connection with education, remain stable over time and consistent with theory. As part of our investigation we consider four related issues: collective forgetting as well as collective remembering. The distinction between ease of recalling events and judgments of their importance. Compound events which are composed of sub-events that can be remembered separately by respondents. And larger social and technological changes difficult or impossible to date with any precision. Panel data from the second and third surveys, obtained shortly before and after 9/11, aid in determining which earlier collective memories were superseded by the terrorist attack itself. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01318.v1 space exploration icpsr terrorism icpsr transportation icpsr Vietnam War icpsr World War II icpsr assassinations icpsr civil rights icpsr Cold War icpsr communication icpsr communism icpsr computers icpsr Great Depression icpsr Gulf War icpsr Internet icpsr political violence icpsr September 11 attack icpsr TPDRC II. Terrorism and Preparedness Survey Archive (TaPSA) ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Schuman, Howard Rodgers, Willard L. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1318 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01318.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01057 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01057 MiAaI MiAaI Cointegration and Exchange Rate Dynamics [electronic resource] F. (Frank) Diebold , J. Gardeazabal , K. Yilmaz 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1057 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01057.v1 exchange rates icpsr monetary policy icpsr currencies icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Diebold, F. (Frank) Gardeazabal, J. Yilmaz, K. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1057 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01057.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01100 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01100 MiAaI MiAaI Collective Bargaining Contracts in the Canadian Public Sector, 1964-1987 [electronic resource] Janet Currie , Sheena McConnell , Daniel B. Nelson 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1100 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01100.v1 collective bargaining icpsr labor contracts icpsr labor disputes icpsr labor (work) icpsr public sector icpsr IDRC II. Economic Data ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Currie, Janet McConnell, Sheena Nelson, Daniel B. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1100 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01100.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR23860 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2010 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR23860 MiAaI MiAaI Committee Decisions on Monetary Policy [electronic resource] Evidence From Historical Records of the Federal Open Market Committee Henry Chappell , Rob Roy McGregor , Todd A. Vermilyea 2010-05-06 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2010 ICPSR 23860 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. This data collection was used in the book, "Committee Decisions on Monetary Policy: Evidence from Historical Records of the Federal Open Market Committee," by Henry Chappell, Rob Roy McGregor, and Todd Vermilyea, which examined the monetary policy preferences of members of the Federal Reserve's Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) and the process by which its members' preferences were translated into policy decisions. Chapter 4 Data files related to Chapter 4 of the book are contained in: Ch04WebFiles.zip. See the readme file contained within that zip file for documentation. Chapter 5 All data described in Chapter 5 is subsequently employed in Chapters 6-8. Descriptions are provided below in the sections for those chapters. Chapter 6 Data files related to Chapter 6 are contained in Chapter06_Data_for_Web.zip. See the readme file contained within that zip file for documentation. Many data files for Chapter 6 are the same as those used in Chapter 7. More details are provided below for Chapter 7. Chapter 7 Data and programs for this chapter come from the JMCB article from which the chapter is drawn. Data files related to the JMCB article are contained in: ChappellMcGregorVermilyea_Data_011503.zip. See the JMCB.pdf file contained within that zip file for documentation. Section 7.5.2 of this chapter also uses data describing the order of speaking within meetings. We have used this data more extensively in our working paper, "The Persuasive Power of the Chairman: Arthur Burns and the FOMC." Data for that paper is provided in the: WEA_BeforeAfter_Data_Archive.zip. Chapter 8 Much of the data (and methods) used in Chapter 6 are used again in Chapter 8. Relevant data and program files and documentation are provided in: Chapter08_Data_for Web.zip. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR23860.v1 Federal Open Market Committee icpsr monetary policy icpsr DATAPASS I. NDIIPP ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Chappell, Henry McGregor, Rob Roy Vermilyea, Todd A. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 23860 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR23860.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01234 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2001 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01234 MiAaI MiAaI Comparing Manufacturing Export Growth Across States [electronic resource] What Accounts for the Differences? Cletus C. Coughlin , Patricia S. Pollard 2001-04-02 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2001 ICPSR 1234 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The expansion of United States manufacturing exports has spread unevenly across states. The authors use shift-share analysis to account for the difference between a state's manufacturing export growth and national manufacturing export growth between 1988 and 1998. Three effects are examined. The industry mix effect indicates that a state should have experienced export growth above the national average if its exports were relatively more concentrated in industries whose exports expanded faster than the national average. The destination effect indicates that a state should have experienced export growth above the national average if its exports were concentrated in foreign markets whose purchases from the United States expanded faster than the national increase in exports. The competitive effect is what remains after accounting for these two effects. The authors find that the competitive effect, which in previous research was related to increases in human capital per worker, is the key determinant of a state's relative export performance. Furthermore, the industry mix and destination effects, which are of similar importance, are generally dominated by the competitive effect in accounting for a state's relative export performance. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01234.v1 economic growth icpsr exports icpsr manufacturing industry icpsr states (USA) icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Coughlin, Cletus C. Pollard, Patricia S. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1234 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01234.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01059 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01059 MiAaI MiAaI Comparison of Formal and Informal Dispute Resolution in Medical Malpractice [electronic resource] Henry S. Farber , Michelle J. White 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1059 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01059.v1 arbitration icpsr conflict resolution icpsr mediation icpsr medical malpractice icpsr negotiation icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Farber, Henry S. White, Michelle J. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1059 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01059.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01317 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2005 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01317 MiAaI MiAaI Computer Use and Compactness in Congressional and Legislative Redistricting 1990-2000 [electronic resource] Micah Altman , Karin MacDonald , Michael McDonald 2005-11-28 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2005 ICPSR 1317 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. In order to study the use of computers in redistricting, in the fall of 2004 we surveyed redistricting authorities in all fifty states concerning their use of computers in the 1990 and 2000 rounds of redistricting. This dataset supplements our replication dataset for "Crayons to Computers," and adds the following variables: Four variables representing the capabilities of the computer system used: soft_geographic_reports, soft_tabulation, soft_automated_redistricting, and soft_thematic_mapping Two measures of plan compactness: compact_reock, compact_pa One measure of competitiveness: competitiveness Number of districts: number_districts Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01317.v1 computer use icpsr congressional districts icpsr redistricting icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Altman, Micah MacDonald, Karin McDonald, Michael Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1317 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01317.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01259 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2003 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01259 MiAaI MiAaI Conducting Monetary Policy Without Government Debt [electronic resource] The Fed's Early Years David C. Wheelock 2003-01-23 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2003 ICPSR 1259 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The Federal Reserve implements its monetary policy by using open market operations in United States government securities to target the federal funds rate. A substantial decline in the stock of United States Treasury debt could interfere with the conduct of monetary policy, possibly forcing the Fed to rely more heavily on discount window lending or to conduct open market transactions in other types of securities. Either choice would cause the implementation of monetary policy to resemble the methods used by the Fed before World War II. This paper describes two things: (1) how the Fed implemented monetary policy before the war and (2) the conflicts that arose within the Fed over the allocation of private-sector credit when discount window loans and Fed purchases of private securities were a substantial component of Federal Reserve credit. Those conflicts help explain the Fed's failure to respond vigorously to the Great Depression. The experience suggests that a renewed reliance on the discount window or on open market operations in securities other than those issued by the United States Treasury could hamper the conduct of monetary policy if it leads to increased pressure on the Fed to affect the allocation of credit. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01259.v1 government securities icpsr Great Depression (1929) icpsr monetary policy icpsr national debt icpsr national economy icpsr securities icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Wheelock, David C. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1259 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01259.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR24701 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2009 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR24701 MiAaI MiAaI Conflict of Interest in the Alcoholic Drinks Industry [electronic resource] How Much Alcohol Consumption Do "Unhealthy Drinkers" Account for in the United Kingdom, 2000-2001? Ben Baumberg 2009-02-05 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2009 ICPSR 24701 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The alcohol industry has been advancing an agenda of corporate social responsibility, claiming that there is no conflict between commercial interests and public health goals. This study subjects this claim to critical scrutiny by estimating the share of total alcohol sales that are due to "unhealthy drinkers" in the United Kingdom, extending previous studies geographically, methodologically and conceptually. Includes secondary analysis of the amount of alcohol consumption above various official guidelines in four British datasets for 2000-2002: the National Diet and Nutrition Survey; the General Household Survey; Smoking, Drinking and Drug Use Among Young People; and the March 2002 ONS Omnibus Survey. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR24701.v1 alcohol icpsr alcohol consumption icpsr corporate responsibility icpsr drinking behavior icpsr public health icpsr public interest icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive DSDR III. Health Baumberg, Ben Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 24701 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR24701.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01282 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2003 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01282 MiAaI MiAaI Congestion at Airports [electronic resource] The Economics of Airport Expansions Jeffrey Cohen , Cletus C. Coughlin 2003-06-25 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2003 ICPSR 1282 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Congestion and subsequent delays have been prevalent in many United States airports in recent years. A common response to congestion, championed by many community leaders, is to expand capacity by constructing new runways and terminals. Airport expansions are costly, complex, and controversial. The authors use basic economic theory to analyze congestion at those airports that are part of an air transportation system. They describe how benefit-cost analysis is used to assess the desirability of airport expansions. Many of the key points are illustrated in the context of Lambert-St. Louis International Airport. Also examined are two controversial aspects of expansions -- the displacement of people and businesses and the effects of airport noise. Finally, congestion-based pricing of landing fees as an alternative to airport expansions are discussed. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01282.v1 air transportation icpsr airports icpsr noise pollution icpsr urban planning icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Cohen, Jeffrey Coughlin, Cletus C. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1282 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01282.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01108 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1995 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01108 MiAaI MiAaI Constituency Service and Incumbency Advantage [electronic resource] Gary King 1995-10-12 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1995 ICPSR 1108 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The article addresses the long-standing discrepancy between scholarly support for the effect of constituency service performed by U.S. legislators on the electoral advantages of incumbency and the large body of contradictory empirical evidence. It first demonstrates that many of the methodological problems noticed in past research reduce to a single measurement problem that is readily resolved. The core of the article then provides among the first systematic empirical evidence for the constituency service hypothesis. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01108.v1 legislators icpsr political behavior icpsr public officials icpsr voters icpsr voting behavior icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive King, Gary Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1108 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01108.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01103 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01103 MiAaI MiAaI The Contamination of Responses to Survey Items [electronic resource] Economic Perceptions and Political Judgments Nathaniel Wilcox , Christopher Wlezien 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1103 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. This study investigates questionnaire item and proximity effects on responses to economic and political items in surveys. This experimental design varies survey item order across subjects. Results indicate proximity of survey items does affect responses. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01103.v1 political issues icpsr economic issues icpsr perceptions icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Wilcox, Nathaniel Wlezien, Christopher Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1103 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01103.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01091 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01091 MiAaI MiAaI Contractual Arrangements as Signaling Devices [electronic resource] Evidence from Franchising Francine LaFontaine 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1091 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01091.v1 ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive LaFontaine, Francine Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1091 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01091.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01313 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2005 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01313 MiAaI MiAaI Controlling for Heterogeneity in Gravity Models of Trade and Integration [electronic resource] I-Hui Cheng , Howard J. Wall 2005-03-15 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2005 ICPSR 1313 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. This paper compares various specifications of the gravity model of trade as nested versions of a general specification that uses bilateral country-pair fixed effects to control for heterogeneity. For each specification, we show that the atheoretical restrictions used to obtain them from the general model are not supported statistically. Because the gravity model has become the "workhorse" baseline model for estimating the effects of international integration, this has important empirical implications. In particular, we show that, unless heterogeneity is accounted for correctly, gravity models can greatly overestimate the effects of integration on the volume of trade. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01313.v1 trade icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Cheng, I-Hui Wall, Howard J. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1313 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01313.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR34573 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2013 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR34573 MiAaI MiAaI Cooperation under the Shadow of the Future [electronic resource] Experimental Evidence from Infinitely Repeated Games Pedro Dal Bo 2013-03-27 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2013 ICPSR 34573 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. While there is an extensive literature on the theory of infinitely repeated games, empirical evidence on how "the shadow of the future" affects behavior is scarce and inconclusive. I simulate infinitely repeated prisoner's dilemma games in the lab with a random continuation rule. The experimental design represents an improvement over the existing literature by including sessions with finite repeated games as controls and a large number of players per session (which allows for learning without contagion effects). I find that the shadow of the future matters not only by significantly reducing opportunistic behavior, but also because its impact closely follows theoretical predictions. (JEL C72, C73, C91, C92) Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR34573.v1 ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Bo, Pedro Dal Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 34573 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR34573.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01275 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2003 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01275 MiAaI MiAaI Cost of Living Index for the American States, 1960-2003 [electronic resource] William D. Berry , Richard C. Fording , Russell L. Hanson 2005-03-15 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2003 ICPSR 1275 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The authors constructed a state cost of living index for the 48 continental United States, measured annually for the period 1960 through 2003 (to update an index for 1960-1995 introduced in the authors' May 2000 Journal of Politics article). Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01275.v1 consumers icpsr cost of living icpsr economic indicators icpsr expenses icpsr families icpsr households icpsr income icpsr twentieth century icpsr working class icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Berry, William D. Fording, Richard C. Hanson, Russell L. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1275 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01275.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01159 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1998 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01159 MiAaI MiAaI Costs and Benefits of Price Stability [electronic resource] An Assessment of Howitt's Rule Daniel L. Thornton 1998-08-27 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1998 ICPSR 1159 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Assuming inflation affects both the level and growth rate of output, the author states Howitt's Rule and explains how it argues for a continued policy of moderate inflation. Next, alternative estimates of the costs of achieving price stability are analyzed, and then those costs are compared with estimates of the gain from achieving price stability when inflation reduces the level or growth rate of output. Finally, the cross-section and time-series evidence on the effects of inflation on output growth is reviewed. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01159.v1 cost effectiveness icpsr economic growth rate icpsr inflation icpsr price fluctuations icpsr price trends icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Thornton, Daniel L. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1159 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01159.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01008 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01008 MiAaI MiAaI Course of the Exchange, London, 1698-1823 and Amsterdamsche Beurs, Amsterdam, 1723-1794 [electronic resource] Larry Neal 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1008 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01008.v1 ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Neal, Larry Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1008 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01008.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01187 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1999 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01187 MiAaI MiAaI Crash of '87 [electronic resource] Was It Expected? The Evidence from Options Markets David S. Bates 1999-04-30 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1999 ICPSR 1187 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Efforts to explain why stock markets worldwide crashed in October 1987 have been frustrated by the scarcity of major economic developments occurring around that time that could have precipitated the crashes. It is conceivable that the United States stock market crashed because it was expected to crash. To test this hypothesis, transaction prices of Standard and Poor's 500 futures options over the 1985-1987 period were examined for evidence prior to October 1987 of expectations of an impending crash. It was found that out-of-the-money puts became unusually expensive during the year leading up to the crash. A model was therefore derived for pricing American options on jump-diffusion processes with systematic jump risk. The jump-diffusion parameters implicit in option prices indicate that a crash was expected and that implicit distributions were negatively skewed for the October 1986-August 1987 period. Neither approach, however, points to any strong crash fears in the two months prior to the crash. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01187.v1 economic conditions icpsr stock market conditions icpsr stock market crashes icpsr stock markets icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Bates, David S. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1187 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01187.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01247 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2001 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01247 MiAaI MiAaI Creation of the Euro and the Role of the Dollar in International Markets [electronic resource] Patricia S. Pollard 2001-10-31 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2001 ICPSR 1247 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Through the post-World War II period, the United States dollar has been the leading currency used in international trade and debt contracts. With the creation of the euro, the dollar may finally face a challenge to its dominance in international markets. This article examines the likely effects of the euro on the international use of the dollar. Moreover, the article considers the implications for the United States and the euro area of a rise in the use of the euro and consequent fall in the use of the dollar internationally. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01247.v1 exchange rates icpsr international markets icpsr currencies icpsr dollar (USA) icpsr euro icpsr IDRC II. Economic Data ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Pollard, Patricia S. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1247 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01247.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01214 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2000 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01214 MiAaI MiAaI Credit Unions and the Common Bond [electronic resource] William R. Emmons , Frank A. Schmid 2000-01-18 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2000 ICPSR 1214 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. A distinguishing feature of credit unions is the legal requirement that members share a common bond. This organizing principle recently became the focus of national attention when the Supreme Court and the U.S. Congress took opposite sides in a controversy regarding the number of common bonds (fields of membership) that could coexist within a single credit union. In this article, a model of credit union formation and consolidation is developed and simulated to examine the effects of common-bond restrictions on the performance of credit unions. The performance measures are based on participation rates among potential members and the operating costs of credit unions. Using a semiparametric econometric model and a large dataset drawn from federally-chartered occupational credit unions in 1996, the authors find that, for a given number of potential members, credit unions with multiple-group charters have higher participation rates. They also find that, for a given number of members, the operating costs of multiple-group credit unions are higher. Average operating costs at large credit unions, however, decrease as the number of members increases. The authors also find that local deposit-market concentration is related to participation rates and operating costs of credit unions. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01214.v1 credit unions icpsr econometrics icpsr monetary policy icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Emmons, William R. Schmid, Frank A. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1214 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01214.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01283 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2003 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01283 MiAaI MiAaI Darryl Francis and the Making of Monetary Policy, 1966-1975 [electronic resource] R.W. Hafer , David C. Wheelock 2003-06-25 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2003 ICPSR 1283 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Darryl Francis was president of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis from 1966 to 1975. Throughout those years he was a leading critic of United States monetary policy. Francis argued in policy meetings and public venues that monetary policy should focus on maintaining a stable price level. In contrast, most policymakers at the time believed it possible to exploit a trade-off between unemployment and inflation. Francis attributed inflation directly to excessive growth of the money stock while other policymakers blamed labor and product market failures, fiscal policy, and commodity price shocks. Francis argued that inflation could not be controlled except by limiting the growth of monetary aggregates whereas other policymakers promoted price controls or other schemes. Francis favored maintaining a stable money stock growth rate at a time when monetary policy was widely interpreted as involving the manipulation of interest rates. Reviewing the debates between Francis and his Federal Reserve colleagues improves our understanding of the reasons behind the Fed's monetary policy actions at the time and illuminates how policy views evolved toward accepting price level stability as the paramount, long-term objective for monetary policy. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01283.v1 price indexes icpsr unemployment icpsr commodities icpsr fiscal policy icpsr inflation icpsr monetary policy icpsr monetary reserves icpsr price controls icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Hafer, R.W. Wheelock, David C. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1283 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01283.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR30409 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2011 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR30409 MiAaI MiAaI Database of State Tort Law Reforms (3rd), 1980-2008 [electronic resource] Ronen Avraham 2011-03-09 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2011 ICPSR 30409 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. This data collection contains two Excel files that code ten reforms found in the Database of State Tort Law Reforms (DSTLR 3rd). The DSTLR (3rd) contains the most detailed, complete, and comprehensive legal dataset of the most prevalent tort reforms enacted or revised in all 50 states and the District of Columbia between 1980 and 2008. For each reform, the DSTLR (3rd) records the effective date, a short description of the reform, whether or not the jury is allowed to know about the reform, whether the reform was upheld or struck down by the states’ courts, as well as whether it was amended by the state legislator. One of the Excel files codes the DSTLR (3rd). The other Excel file, DSTLR 3rd (clever), turns off reforms for various reasons, such as the caps being too high to bind. A Word document explains what distinguishes the DSTLR 3rd (clever) Excel file from the regular DSTLR (3rd) Excel file. The Excel files code the state tort reforms for non-wrongful-death medical malpractice related laws based on the DSTLR (3rd). However, users of the file should be aware that there are many legitimate ways to code the data. Specifically, users should be aware that: (1) If the Avraham, Database of State Tort Law Reforms (3rd) effective date of the reform was on or after July 1st, it was coded as belonging to the following year. (The rationale being that for most of the calendar year in which it was enacted the reform did not apply). (2) Similarly, if a reform was struck down on or after July 1st, it was coded as still active in that year. (The rationale being that for most of the calendar year in which it was struck down the reform did apply). (3) Reforms which simply codified pre-existing common law were not coded. (4) While reforms come in many flavors, the file collapses them into a single zero or one dummy variable. Thus, there is no distinction between different levels of caps, different variations of the joint and several liability reform, etc. (5) The only exception to the previous rule is with respect to periodic payment reforms which was coded in the following way. Zero means no reform existed in that year. A reform which granted courts the discretion of whether or not to apply periodic payments is coded as one. A reform which required courts to apply periodic payments is coded as two. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR30409.v1 law icpsr legal reform icpsr medical malpractice icpsr wrongful deaths icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Avraham, Ronen Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 30409 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR30409.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR34298 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2012 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR34298 MiAaI MiAaI Data and calculations for the book "The Land of Too Much" Monica Prasad, Harvard University Press 2012 [electronic resource] Monica Prasad 2012-07-05 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2012 ICPSR 34298 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. This data collection was used in the preparation of the book "The Land of Too Much" by author and Principle Investigator Monica Prasad. The data collection includes historical figures on the political economy for the Unites States and other advanced industrial countries. The book addresses why the United States has more poverty than every other developed country, why it experienced an attack on state intervention starting in the 1980s (known today as the neoliberal revolution), and why it recently suffered the greatest economic meltdown in seventy-five years. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR34298.v1 depression (economic) icpsr economic conditions icpsr economic history icpsr economic trends icpsr economics icpsr industrial nations icpsr microeconomics icpsr poverty icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Prasad, Monica Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 34298 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR34298.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01055 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01055 MiAaI MiAaI Data and Programs from Publication(s) Reproducing Studies Done by James D. Hamilton et al. [electronic resource] James D. Hamilton 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1055 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01055.v1 ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Hamilton, James D. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1055 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01055.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01130 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1998 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01130 MiAaI MiAaI David Duke Campaigns [electronic resource] County-level Louisiana Data D. Stephen Voss 1998-01-28 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1998 ICPSR 1130 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. This collection makes available county-level census and election data for the study of ex-Klansman David Duke's three statewide contests in Louisiana: a 1990 race for United States Senate, a 1991 open primary contest for governor, and the 1991 gubernatorial runoff. These data were the subject of an exchange between D. Stephen Voss and Micheal Giles and Melanie Buckner in the JOURNAL OF POLITICS 58:4. The files available through the ICPSR include additional analysis and documentation not available in the published work, for purposes of verification or replication. The data were collected from government agencies and repackaged in part under funding from Harvard University's Mellon Dissertation Research Fellowship. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01130.v1 census data icpsr counties icpsr Duke, David icpsr elections icpsr gubernatorial elections icpsr Ku Klux Klan icpsr state elections icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Voss, D. Stephen Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1130 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01130.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR21300 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2007 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR21300 MiAaI MiAaI Decline in U.S. Personal Saving Rate [electronic resource] Is it Real and Is It a Puzzle? Massimo Guidolin , Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 2007-11-08 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2007 ICPSR 21300 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Since the mid-1990s, the national income and product accounts personal saving rate for the United States has been trending down, dropping into negative territory for three months during the past two years. This paper examines measurement problems surrounding two of the standard definitions of the personal saving rate. The authors conclude that, despite these measurement problems, the recent decline of the United States personal saving rate to low levels seems to be a real economic phenomenon and may be a cause for concern for several reasons. After examining several possible explanations for the trend advanced in the recent literature, the authors conclude that none of them provides a compelling explanation for the steep decline and negative levels of the United States personal saving rate. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR21300.v1 Gross Domestic Product icpsr income estimates icpsr income tax icpsr income icpsr macroeconomics icpsr pensions icpsr personal finances icpsr personal wealth icpsr savings icpsr capital gains icpsr disposable income icpsr economic conditions icpsr economic trends icpsr financial planning icpsr financial policy icpsr household income icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Guidolin, Massimo Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 21300 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR21300.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01151 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1998 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01151 MiAaI MiAaI Deflation and Real Economic Activity Under the Gold Standard [electronic resource] Christopher J. Neely , Geoffrey E. Wood 1998-08-27 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1998 ICPSR 1151 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The data collection focuses on facts surrounding the temporary periods of deflation that occurred under the gold standard from 1870 to 1913. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01151.v1 historical data icpsr economic activity icpsr economics icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Neely, Christopher J. Wood, Geoffrey E. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1151 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01151.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01179 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1998 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01179 MiAaI MiAaI Demand for Divisia Money in a Core Monetary Union [electronic resource] Katrin Wesche 1998-10-06 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1998 ICPSR 1179 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Proponents of an aggregation-theoretic approach to money demand argue that simple-sum measures do not capture the theoretical notion of money, especially for broad monetary aggregates. European monetary aggregation, which uses indices for monetary services, seems attractive because these indices can account for the imperfect substitutability between different currencies. This research applies the aggregation-theoretic framework to money holdings of European residents and compares the resulting index to simple-sum M3. The conclusion is that the Divisia index of European monetary services may provide additional insight into money demand during the period of transition to monetary union. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01179.v1 currencies icpsr economic integration icpsr monetary policy icpsr money icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Wesche, Katrin Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1179 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01179.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR21302 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2007 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR21302 MiAaI MiAaI The Determinants of Aid in the Post-Cold War Era [electronic resource] Subhayu Bandyopadhyay , Howard J. Wall 2007-11-08 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2007 ICPSR 21302 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The authors estimate the responsiveness of aid to recipient countries' economic and physical needs, civil/political rights, and government effectiveness. They look exclusively at the post-Cold War era and use fixed effects to control for the political, strategic, and other considerations of donors. They find that aid and per capita income have been negatively related, while aid has been positively related to infant mortality, rights, and government effectiveness. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR21302.v1 international assistance icpsr political rights icpsr poverty icpsr World Bank icpsr Gross Domestic Product icpsr income icpsr infant mortality icpsr civil rights icpsr economic aid icpsr economic conditions icpsr government agencies icpsr government performance icpsr IDRC II. Economic Data ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Bandyopadhyay, Subhayu Wall, Howard J. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 21302 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR21302.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01079 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01079 MiAaI MiAaI Determinants of Consumer Installment Credit [electronic resource] Sangkyun Park 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1079 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01079.v1 consumer behavior icpsr consumers icpsr credit icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Park, Sangkyun Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1079 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01079.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01265 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2003 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01265 MiAaI MiAaI Did Right-to-Work Work for Idaho? [electronic resource] Emin M. Dinlersoz , Ruben Hernandez-Murillo 2003-04-25 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2003 ICPSR 1265 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The Idaho legislature passed a right-to-work law in 1986. Idaho provides an interesting case study for the effects of the law because it adopted the law during a period in which unionization had already declined substantially in the United States. This paper provides evidence on the industrial organization consequences of right-to-work laws by jointly examining the trends in Idaho's unionization rate and industrial performance before and after 1986, using neighboring states as controls. The authors find that unionization declined substantially starting a few years before the passage of the law, and this decline persisted thereafter. Furthermore, the post-law growth rates in manufacturing employment and the number of establishments far exceeded their pre-law counterparts. As a result, Idaho gradually became more like an average right-to-work law state in terms of its unionization rate and the employment share of manufacturing, diverging from the patterns exhibited by states without a right-to-work law. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01265.v1 employment icpsr industrial production icpsr labor law icpsr labor unions icpsr manufacturing industry icpsr unionization icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Dinlersoz, Emin M. Hernandez-Murillo, Ruben Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1265 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01265.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01016 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01016 MiAaI MiAaI Diffusion of New Technologies in the Electric Utilities Industry, 1950-1980 [electronic resource] Nancy L. Rose , Paul L. Joskow 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1016 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01016.v1 electric utilities icpsr innovation diffusion icpsr public utilities icpsr technology transfer icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Rose, Nancy L. Joskow, Paul L. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1016 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01016.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01305 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2004 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01305 MiAaI MiAaI Dilemmas of Democracy in the Open Economy [electronic resource] Lessons From Latin America Marcus J. Kurtz 2004-08-12 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2004 ICPSR 1305 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Scholars have usually understood the problem of democratic consolidation in terms of the creation of mechanisms that make possible the avoidance of populist excesses, polarized conflicts, or authoritarian corporatist inclusion that undermined free politics in much of postwar Latin America. This article makes the case that, under contemporary liberal economic conditions, the nature of the challenge for democratization has changed in important ways. Earlier problems of polarization had their roots in the long-present statist patterns of economic organization. By contrast, under free market conditions, democratic consolidation faces a largely distinct set of challenges: the under-articulation of societal interests, pervasive social atomization, and socially uneven political quiescence founded in collective action problems. These can combine to undermine the efficacy of democratic representation, and consequently, regime legitimacy. The article utilizes data from the Latin American region since the 1970s on development, economic reform, and individual and collective political participation to show the effects of a changing state-economy relationship on the consolidation of democratic politics. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01305.v1 democracy icpsr economic conditions icpsr free markets icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Kurtz, Marcus J. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1305 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01305.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR30802 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2011 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR30802 MiAaI MiAaI Diplomatic Recognition of Taiwan (the Republic of China) From 1950-2007 [electronic resource] Timothy S. Rich 2011-03-31 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2011 ICPSR 30802 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Diplomatic recognition is generally seen as fundamental to the modern state system. While traditional studies of recognition focus on political or ideological rationales and presume a level of stability in diplomatic recognition, in the diplomatic battle between Taiwan and China neither of these assumptions hold. This is, to my knowledge, the only attempt to quantify diplomatic recognition and covers 1950-2007 for all independent sovereign nations. The paper generated from this dataset "Status for Sale: Taiwan, and the Competition for Diplomatic Recognition" finds that, counter to conventional wisdom, economic factors dictate whether a country recognizes Taiwan and that levels of democracy and other commonly proposed factors in the qualitative literature fail to reach significance. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR30802.v1 diplomacy icpsr economic conditions icpsr foreign affairs icpsr foreign policy icpsr intergovernmental organizations icpsr international economics icpsr international relations icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Rich, Timothy S. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 30802 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR30802.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01320 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2005 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01320 MiAaI MiAaI Discrete Monetary Policy Changes and Changing Inflation Targets in Estimated DSGE Models [electronic resource] Anatoliy Belaygorod , Michael J Dueker 2005-11-28 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2005 ICPSR 1320 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Many estimated macroeconomic models assume interest rate smoothing in the monetary policy equation. In practice, monetary policymakers adjust a target level for the federal funds rate by discrete increments. One often-neglected consequence of using a quarterly average of the daily federal funds rate in empirical work is that any change in the target federal funds rate will affect the quarterly average in the current quarter and the subsequent quarter. Despite this clear source of predictable change in the quarterly average of the federal funds rate, the vast bulk of the literature that estimates policy rules ignores information concerning the timing and magnitude of discrete changes to the target federal funds rate. Consequently, policy equations that include interest rate smoothing inadvertently make the strong and unnecessary assumption that the starting point for interest rate smoothing is last quarter's average level of the federal funds rate. The authors consider, within an estimated general equilibrium model, whether policymakers put weight on the end-of-quarter target level of the federal funds rate when choosing a point at which to smooth the interest rate. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01320.v1 inflation icpsr interest rates icpsr monetary policy icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Belaygorod, Anatoliy Dueker, Michael J Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1320 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01320.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01310 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2005 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01310 MiAaI MiAaI Discrete Policy Changes and Empirical Models of the Federal Funds Rate [electronic resource] Michael J. Dueker , Robert H. Rasche 2005-03-15 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2005 ICPSR 1310 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Empirical models of the federal funds rate almost uniformly use the quarterly or monthly average of the daily rates. One empirical question about the federal funds rate concerns the extent to which monetary policymakers smooth this interest rate. Under the hypothesis of rate smoothing, policymakers set the interest rate this period equal to a weighted average of the rate inherited from the previous quarter and the rate implied by current economic conditions, such as the Taylor rule rate. Perhaps surprisingly, however, little attention has been given to measuring the interest rate inherited from the previous quarter. Previous tests for interest rate smoothing have assumed that the quarterly or monthly average from the previous period is the inherited rate. The authors of this study, in contrast, suggest that the end-of-quarter level of the target federal funds rate is the inherited rate, and empirical tests support this proposition. The authors show that this alternative view of the rate inherited from the past affects empirical results concerning interest rate smoothing, even in relatively rich models that include regime switching. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01310.v1 economic conditions icpsr interest rates icpsr monetary policy icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Dueker, Michael J. Rasche, Robert H. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1310 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01310.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01229 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2000 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01229 MiAaI MiAaI Do Changes in Reserves Proxy Well for Official Intervention? [electronic resource] Christopher J. Neely 2000-12-06 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2000 ICPSR 1229 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The study of foreign exchange intervention has been slowed by the traditional reluctance of central banks to release intervention data to researchers. To circumvent the lack of actual intervention data, researchers often have used publicly available foreign exchange reserves data to proxy for the confidential intervention data. Little research has been done, however, to compare the characteristics of reserves and intervention. In this article, the author addresses that issue by using time-series techniques and measures of correlation to compare American, Swiss, and German monthly intervention and reserves series. Although the raw correlations are modest, ranging from about 0.12 to 0.42, some simple adjustments for seasonality and ERM realignments can increase the correlations in the Swiss and German data. More sophisticated adjustment techniques would be difficult and time-consuming. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01229.v1 currencies icpsr foreign exchange icpsr monetary policy icpsr monetary reserves icpsr IDRC II. Economic Data ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Neely, Christopher J. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1229 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01229.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR26182 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2009 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR26182 MiAaI MiAaI Do Donors Care About Declining Trade Revenue From Liberalization? An Analysis of Bilateral Aid Allocation [electronic resource] Javed Younas , Subhayu Bandyopadhyay 2009-11-19 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2009 ICPSR 26182 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Many developing-country governments rely heavily on trade tax revenue. Therefore, trade liberalization can be a potential source of significant fiscal instability and may affect government spending on development activities — at least in the short run. This article investigates whether donors use aid to compensate recipient nations for lost trade revenue or perhaps to reward them for moving toward freer trade regimes. The authors do not find empirical evidence supporting such motives. This is of some concern because binding government revenue constraints may hinder development prospects of some poorer nations. The authors use fixed effects to control for the usual political, strategic, and other considerations for aid allocations. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR26182.v1 international trade icpsr tax revenues icpsr trade icpsr trade agreements icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Younas, Javed Bandyopadhyay, Subhayu Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 26182 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR26182.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01063 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01063 MiAaI MiAaI Does the Exchange Rate Regime Affect the Economy? [electronic resource] Terence C. Mills , Geoffrey E. Wood 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1063 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01063.v1 exchange rates icpsr national economy icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Mills, Terence C. Wood, Geoffrey E. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1063 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01063.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01170 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1998 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01170 MiAaI MiAaI Does the Fed's New Policy of Immediate Disclosure Affect the Market? [electronic resource] Daniel L. Thornton 1998-10-06 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1998 ICPSR 1170 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The purpose of the data is to investigate whether and how financial markets have responded to the change in the Federal Open Market Commission (FOMC) disclosure policy, specifically, whether the policy of immediate disclosure has created an announcement effect and whether the policy of immediate disclosure has increased or reduced financial market uncertainty. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01170.v1 financial policy icpsr monetary policy icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Thornton, Daniel L. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1170 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01170.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01245 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2001 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01245 MiAaI MiAaI Does Money Matter? [electronic resource] Laurence H. Meyer 2001-10-31 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2001 ICPSR 1245 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. This paper was prepared for the Homer Jones Lecture, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, March 28, 2001. The author addresses the influence of monetarism and the role of money in making monetary policy. The monetarist idea that monetary policy has primary responsibility for inflation is now conventional wisdom. However, monetary aggregates are largely absent from models used by policy analysts and from currency monetary policy debates (at least in the United States). The author concludes with a discussion of whether current models and current practice undervalue the role of money, specifically noting how monetary aggregates may become important again if market interest rates are driven to zero, as they have been recently in Japan. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01245.v1 inflation icpsr interest rates icpsr monetary policy icpsr money icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Meyer, Laurence H. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1245 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01245.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01336 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2006 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01336 MiAaI MiAaI Do Inflation Targeters Outperform Non-Targeters? [electronic resource] Michael J. Dueker , Andreas Fischer 2006-12-01 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2006 ICPSR 1336 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Ten years of empirical studies of inflation targeting have not uncovered clear evidence that monetary policy that incorporates formal targets imparts better inflation performance. The authors survey the literature and find that the "no difference" verdict concerning inflation targeting has been robust to a wide range of countries and methods of analysis, starting with a study by Dueker and Fischer (1996a). The authors present updated Markov-switching estimates from the original Dueker and Fisher (1996a) article and show that their early conclusions about inflation targeting among early adopters have not been overturned with an additional decade of data. These findings to date do not rule out the possibility, however, that formal inflation targets could prove pivotal if the global environment of disinflation were to reverse course. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01336.v1 inflation icpsr monetary policy icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Dueker, Michael J. Fischer, Andreas Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1336 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01336.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01175 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1998 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01175 MiAaI MiAaI Do Inventories Moderate Fluctuations in Output? [electronic resource] Donald S. Allen 1998-10-06 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1998 ICPSR 1175 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. This research tries to answer two of several open questions identified by Michael C. Lovell in "Researching Inventories: Why Haven't We Learned More?" (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION ECONOMICS [June 1994], 33-41). First, do firms use inventories to schedule production efficiently? And second, are problems of aggregation important? Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01175.v1 ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Allen, Donald S. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1175 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01175.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01250 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2002 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01250 MiAaI MiAaI Dollarization as a Monetary Arrangement for Emerging Market Economies [electronic resource] Gaetano Antinolfi , Todd Kliester 2002-03-08 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2002 ICPSR 1250 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Official dollarization refers to the adoption of the United States dollar as legal tender in place of the national currency. Some Latin American countries have recently dollarized, and others have seriously considered dollarization. This article discusses the reasons behind the surge of interest in dollarization and provides a review of the new academic literature on the topic. It discusses in detail some of the factors that are commonly considered to be the important costs and benefits of dollarizing. The paper also provides an analysis of the existing liability dollarization in several countries and its relation with official dollarization. Finally, it briefly looks at dollarization from the perspective of the United States. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01250.v1 currencies icpsr dollar (USA) icpsr international monetary system icpsr market economy icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Antinolfi, Gaetano Kliester, Todd Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1250 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01250.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01289 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2003 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01289 MiAaI MiAaI Domestic Politics and United States Foreign Policy [electronic resource] A Study of Cold War Conflict Behavior Will H. Moore , David J. Lanoue 2003-06-25 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2003 ICPSR 1289 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. This study reexamines an empirical claim that is broadly accepted in international relations: during the Cold War, United States foreign policy belligerence was influenced strongly by domestic factors. The authors develop a rational expectations theory that produces hypotheses that are at odds with that result. They test these hypotheses and report findings that are both consistent with their rational expectations theory and inconsistent with the domestic effects hypothesis. They conclude that international politics, rather than domestic politics, was the primary determinant of United States foreign policy behavior during the Cold War. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01289.v1 Cold War icpsr foreign policy icpsr international conflict icpsr international relations icpsr world politics icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Moore, Will H. Lanoue, David J. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1289 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01289.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR25701 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2009 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR25701 MiAaI MiAaI Do Older Adults Know Their Spouses' End-of-Life Treatment Preferences? [electronic resource] Sara M. Moorman , Robert M. Hauser , Deborah Carr 2009-06-23 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2009 ICPSR 25701 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. When terminally ill patients become mentally incapacitated, their surrogates often make treatment decisions in collaboration with health care providers. The authors examined how surrogates’ errors in reporting their spouses’ preferences are affected by their gender, status as durable power of attorney for health care (DPAHC), whether they and their spouses discussed end-of-life preferences, and their spouses’ health status. Structural equation models were applied to data from married couples in their mid-60s from the 2004 wave of the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study. Surrogates reported their spouses’ preferences incorrectly 13 percent and 26 percent of the time in end-of-life scenarios involving cognitive impairment and physical pain, respectively. Surrogates projected their own preferences onto their spouses’. Similar patterns emerged regardless of surrogate gender and status as DPAHC, marital discussions about end-of-life preferences, or spousal health status. Implications for the process of surrogate decision-making and for future research are discussed. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR25701.v1 aging icpsr marriage icpsr medical care icpsr patient care icpsr patients icpsr physician patient relationship icpsr power of attorney icpsr spouses icpsr surrogate icpsr terminal care icpsr terminal illnesses icpsr caregiver burden icpsr treatment icpsr caregivers icpsr death icpsr dying icpsr health care icpsr health care services icpsr health status icpsr marital relations icpsr NACDA VI. Health Care Needs, Utilization, and Financing for Older Adults NACDA V. Physical Health and Functioning of Older Adults ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive DSDR IX. NIA Supported Studies DSDR III. Health DSDR II. Mortality Moorman, Sara M. Hauser, Robert M. Carr, Deborah Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 25701 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR25701.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01121 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01121 MiAaI MiAaI Dynamic Analysis of the Role of War Chests in Campaign Strategy [electronic resource] Janet M. Box-Steffensmeier 2002-01-14 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1121 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Three hundred ninety-seven United States House of Representatives races in which an incumbent ran for reelection in 1990 are examined. Using repeated measures analysis of variance and duration analysis with time-varying covariates and temporally disaggregated war chest data, it is shown that war chests deter high-quality challengers from entering the race. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01121.v1 campaign funds icpsr political campaigns icpsr reelection icpsr reelection campaigns icpsr United States House of Representatives icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Box-Steffensmeier, Janet M. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1121 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01121.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01276 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2003 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01276 MiAaI MiAaI Dynamic Foreign Policy Behavior [electronic resource] Matthew J. Lebo , Will H. Moore 2003-06-05 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2003 ICPSR 1276 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. This is the replication dataset for Lebo and Moore's study of the fractional integration of several commonly used foreign policy datasets. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01276.v1 conflict resolution icpsr crisis management icpsr foreign policy icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Lebo, Matthew J. Moore, Will H. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1276 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01276.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01120 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01120 MiAaI MiAaI Dynamic Model of Campaign Spending in Congressional Elections [electronic resource] Janet M. Box-Steffensmeier , Tse-Min Lin 1996-12-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1120 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. In contrast to conventional studies on campaign finance, which focus on the aggregate effect of money on the vote, we propose a more general dynamic model based on temporally disaggregated data. The model is supported by the substantive understanding that at different stages of the campaign process candidates have different goals, and their expenditures should have different effects on the final election outcome. Using Achen's (1986) framework of quasi-experiments, the model includes dynamic "assignment equations" and "outcome equations," which address the problem of nonrandom assignment. A final vote equation is derived in which the coefficients of period-specific incumbent expenditures are constrained by an Almon polynomial. Empirical estimation provide evidence for a three-stage dynamic process. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01120.v1 campaign expenditures icpsr campaign finance icpsr congressional elections icpsr political campaigns icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Box-Steffensmeier, Janet M. Lin, Tse-Min Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1120 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01120.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01119 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01119 MiAaI MiAaI Dynamics of Aggregate Partisanship [electronic resource] Janet M. Box-Steffensmeier , Renee M. Smith 1996-12-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1119 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Despite extensive research into the nature and determinants of party identification, links between individual-level partisan persistence and the degree of permanence in aggregate-level partisanship have largely been ignored. The failure to link the two levels of analysis leaves a gap in our collective understanding of the dynamics of aggregate partisanship. To remedy this, a set of ideal types are identified in this collection that capture the essential arguments made about individual-level party identification. The behavioral assumptions for each ideal type are then combined with existing results on statistical aggregation to deduce the specific temporal pattern that each ideal type implies for aggregate levels of partisanship. Using new diagnostic tests and a highly general time series model, the investigators found that aggregate measures of partisanship from 1953 through 1992 are fractionally integrated. The evidence that the effects of a shock to aggregate partisanship last for years -- not months or decades -- challenges previous work by party systems theorists (e.g., Burnham, 1970) and students of "macropartisanship" (e.g., MacKuen, Erikson, and Stimson, 1989). The arguments and empirical evidence of the degree of persistence in macro-level partisanship provides a conceptually richer and empirically more precise basis for existing theories -- such as those of issue evolution (Carmines and Stimson, 1989) or endogenous preferences (Gerber and Jackson, 1993) -- in which partisanship plays a central role. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01119.v1 party membership icpsr political affiliation icpsr political behavior icpsr political partisanship icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Box-Steffensmeier, Janet M. Smith, Renee M. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1119 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01119.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01239 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2001 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01239 MiAaI MiAaI Dynamics of Economic and Demographic Behavior [electronic resource] "Clean Processes" From the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) Lee A. Lillard 2001-05-17 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2001 ICPSR 1239 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Lee A. Lillard, director of the Retirement Research Center at the University of Michigan, senior research scientist at its Institute for Social Research, and professor of economics, developed a unique method for analyzing the rich compendium of data collected by the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) since its inception in 1968. Lee died in December 2000, and his colleagues at PSID decided to provide the fruits of his work to the research community so others might benefit from an exploration of his techniques and methodologies for analyzing data. Lee created what he called "clean processes" to investigate a number of dynamic behaviors that are measured longitudinally in PSID, such as employment, marriage-divorce, and fertility. He and his programmers and research assistants put these processes into a consistent framework, and made decisions about how to resolve inconsistencies, missing items, etc. Data from the files can be entered, as appropriate, in dynamic econometric models of related and mutually causal processes: for instance, the relationships among marriage, fertility, and female labor supply. Thus, researchers can study various combinations of these behaviors without having to go through complex file creation for each project. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01239.v1 attitudes icpsr divorce icpsr economic behavior icpsr economic change icpsr economic conditions icpsr employment history icpsr families icpsr family history icpsr fertility icpsr household expenditures icpsr household income icpsr income icpsr marriage icpsr poverty icpsr social indicators icpsr socioeconomic status icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive NACDA III. Economic Characteristics of Older Adults Lillard, Lee A. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1239 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01239.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01097 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01097 MiAaI MiAaI Economic Effects of the Baby Boom [electronic resource] Peter Yoo 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1097 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01097.v1 economic history icpsr national economy icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Yoo, Peter Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1097 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01097.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01112 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01112 MiAaI MiAaI Economics, Issues, and the Perot Candidacy [electronic resource] Voter Choice in the 1992 Presidential Election Michael R. Alvarez , Jonathan Nagler 1999-10-07 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1112 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. This research was a multinomial probit analysis of 1992 National Election Studies data including individual-specific and alternative-specific variables. It consisted of simulations based on counterfactual scenarios of ideological positions of the candidates and of voter perceptions of the economy. Results of the study show that the economy was the dominant factor in accounting for voter decisions in 1992, and that Clinton, not Perot, was the beneficiary of economic discontent. Issues played an important role in this election, but Clinton was not perceived as a "New Democrat". The authors found little support for the hypothesis of angry voting. Also, they discovered that Perot took more votes from Bush than from Clinton. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01112.v1 Clinton, Bill icpsr national economy icpsr Perot, Ross icpsr presidential elections icpsr voter preferences icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Alvarez, Michael R. Nagler, Jonathan Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1112 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01112.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01256 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2002 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01256 MiAaI MiAaI Economic Valuations and Interethnic Fears [electronic resource] Perceptions of Chinese Migration in the Russian Far East Mikhail A. Alexseev 2002-11-01 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2002 ICPSR 1256 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. When members of one ethnic group feel threatened by population trends favoring ethnic "others," would perceived economic gains associated with such population change (as in many cases of migration) reduce perceived threats to security and interethnic hostility? An ideal quasi-experimental setting for addressing this question is Chinese cross-border migration into the Russian Far East, for which the author designed and directed an opinion survey in September 2000 with 1,010 respondents selected through stratified random sampling. Findings based on multiple regression analysis suggest that individuals who perceive interactions with members of a culturally distant ethnic group as economically beneficial feel less threatened and favor less hostile responses toward ethnic "others" -- even if these individuals adhere to negative stereotypes against the latter. Strong effects of perceived economic gains (or losses) with respect to the local economy endure when controlled for party identification, perceptions of relative deprivation, perceptions of the neighboring state's intent to undertake aggressive actions, and perceptions of military balance, as well as for local economic and demographic trends. For both threat and hostility, perceptions of total economic effects attributed to ethnic "others" -- but not perceptions of relative gains among groups -- are found to be a significant predictor. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01256.v1 cultural attitudes icpsr cultural perceptions icpsr economic conditions icpsr ethnic tensions icpsr population migration icpsr social distance icpsr IDRC VI. Human Dimension of International Relations ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive IDRC II. Economic Data Alexseev, Mikhail A. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1256 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01256.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01066 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01066 MiAaI MiAaI The Effect of Mortgage Refinancing on Money Demand and the Monetary Aggregates [electronic resource] Richard G. Anderson 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1066 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01066.v1 mortgages icpsr refinancing icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Anderson, Richard G. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1066 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01066.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01143 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1998 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01143 MiAaI MiAaI Effects of Fair Value Accounting on Investment Portfolio Management [electronic resource] How Fair Is It? Anne Beatty 1998-08-27 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1998 ICPSR 1143 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The data collection examines the adoption of SFAS 115 by bank holding companies to determine if a desire to influence the numbers in the financial statements, including reported equity volatility, affects investment portfolio management. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01143.v1 financial management icpsr investments icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Beatty, Anne Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1143 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01143.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01025 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2008 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01025 MiAaI MiAaI Efficiency Wages and the Inter-Industry Wage Structure [electronic resource] Lawrence H. Summers , Alan Krueger 2008-05-15 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2008 ICPSR 1025 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01025.v1 industry icpsr wages and salaries icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Summers, Lawrence H. Krueger, Alan Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1025 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01025.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01295 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2004 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01295 MiAaI MiAaI The Efficient Market Hypothesis and Identification in Structural VARs [electronic resource] Lucio Sarno , Daniel L. Thornton 2004-06-04 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2004 ICPSR 1295 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Structural vector autoregression (SVAR) models are commonly used to investigate the effect of structural shocks on economic variables. The identifying restrictions imposed in many of these exercises have been criticized in the literature. This paper extends this literature by showing that, if the SVAR includes one or more variables that are efficient in the strong form of the efficient market hypothesis, the identifying restrictions frequently imposed in SVARs cannot be satisfied. The authors argue that this analysis will likely apply to VARs that include variables that are consistent with weaker forms of the efficient market hypothesis, especially when the data are measured at the monthly or quarterly frequencies, as is frequently the case. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01295.v1 economics icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Sarno, Lucio Thornton, Daniel L. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1295 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01295.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01199 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1999 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01199 MiAaI MiAaI Eighty Years of Observations on the Adjusted Monetary Base [electronic resource] 1918-1997 Richard G. Anderson , Robert H. Rasche 1999-06-23 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1999 ICPSR 1199 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Recent trends in empirical macroeconomic research embedding long-run relationships between seasonal cycles and business cycles and building endogenous growth models, along with the interest of policymakers in inflation targeting, have increased the importance of long-time series of macroeconomic data. Among the more important time series are quantitative measures of monetary policy, such as the adjusted monetary base. Previously published data for the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis adjusted monetary base begin in 1935 (seasonally unadjusted), and in 1950 (seasonally adjusted). In this analysis, the authors develop a consistent time series for the adjusted monetary base that begins in 1918, shortly after the founding of the Federal Reserve System. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01199.v1 business cycles icpsr economic history icpsr economic policy icpsr inflation icpsr monetary policy icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Anderson, Richard G. Rasche, Robert H. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1199 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01199.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01136 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1997 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01136 MiAaI MiAaI Empirical Indicators of Crisis Phase in the Middle East, 1979-1995 [electronic resource] Philip A. Schrodt , Deborah J. Gerner 1997-10-09 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1997 ICPSR 1136 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The article uses several statistical techniques to identify and analyze phases in an event dataset measuring the political behavior among eight Middle Eastern actors -- Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, the Palestinians, Syria, the United States, and USSR/Russia -- for the period July 1979 to June 1995. Consistent with narrative accounts, factor analysis identifies the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the war in Lebanon as the two most important features of the data. Other factors reflect inter-Arab and major-power relationships. Discriminant analysis can distinguish a set of human-coded phases with about 90 percent accuracy. Stepwise discriminant achieves 70 percent accuracy using data from only 12 of the 54 directed dyads. Finally, K-means cluster analysis identifies five distinct phases that align fairly well with the human-coded phases, particularly in the first half of the time period. The dataset consists of WEIS-coded events generated from Reuters lead sentences downloaded from the NEXIS data service, then coded using the Kansas Event Data System (KEDS) machine coding system. One file provides the raw event data (approximately 110,000 events). A second tab-delimited file aggregates these events into dyad-months using the Goldstein (1992) scaling. The KEDS coding dictionaries and the program used to generate the data are also included in the ICPSR Publication-Related Archive release. Additional information can be obtained from the World Wide Web at http://www.ukans.edu/~keds. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01136.v1 international conflict icpsr Israeli Palestinian conflict icpsr Middle East icpsr IDRC I. Conflict Data ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Schrodt, Philip A. Gerner, Deborah J. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1136 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01136.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01092 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01092 MiAaI MiAaI An Empirical Investigation of the Dynamics of PAC Contributors [electronic resource] Thomas Romer , James M. Jr. Snyder 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1092 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01092.v1 campaign contributions icpsr lobbying icpsr political action committees icpsr political campaigns icpsr special interest groups icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Romer, Thomas Snyder, James M. Jr. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1092 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01092.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01165 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1998 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01165 MiAaI MiAaI EMU [electronic resource] Will It Fly? Patricia S. Pollard 1998-08-27 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1998 ICPSR 1165 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The data examine the progress of the economic and monetary union (EMU) in the European Union. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01165.v1 economic integration icpsr European Union icpsr monetary policy icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Pollard, Patricia S. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1165 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01165.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR34516 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2013 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR34516 MiAaI MiAaI The End of History Illusion [electronic resource] Jordi Quoidbach , Daniel Gilbert , Timothy Wilson 2013-01-04 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2013 ICPSR 34516 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. We measured the personalities, values, and preferences of more than 19,000 people who ranged in age from 18 to 68, and asked them to report how much they had changed in the past decade and/or to predict how much they would change in the next decade. Young people, middle-aged people, and older people all believed they had changed a lot in the past but would change relatively little in the future. People, it seems, regard the present as a watershed moment at which they have finally become the person they will be for the rest of their lives. This "end of history illusion" had practical consequences, leading people to overpay for future opportunities to indulge their current preferences. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR34516.v1 personality icpsr prediction icpsr preferences icpsr values icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Quoidbach, Jordi Gilbert, Daniel Wilson, Timothy Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 34516 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR34516.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01101 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01101 MiAaI MiAaI Enhancing Democracy Through Legislative Redistricting [electronic resource] Andrew Gelman , Gary King 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1101 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01101.v1 democracy icpsr election districts icpsr legislative districts icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Gelman, Andrew King, Gary Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1101 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01101.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01327 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2006 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01327 MiAaI MiAaI Entrepreneurship and the Policy Environment [electronic resource] Yannis Georgellis , Howard J. Wall 2006-10-02 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2006 ICPSR 1327 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. This paper uses a panel approach to examine the effect that the government-policy environment has on the level of entrepreneurship. Specifically, the authors investigate whether marginal income tax rates and bankruptcy exemptions influence rates of entrepreneurship. Whereas previous work in the literature finds that both policies are positively related to entrepreneurship, these results show non-monotonic relationships: a U-shaped relationship between marginal tax rates and entrepreneurship and an S-shaped relationship between bankruptcy exemptions and entrepreneurship. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01327.v1 businesses icpsr entrepreneurs icpsr income tax icpsr policy icpsr tax rates icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Georgellis, Yannis Wall, Howard J. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1327 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01327.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01249 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2002 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01249 MiAaI MiAaI Equity Financing of the Entrepreneurial Firm [electronic resource] Frank A. Schmid 2002-03-08 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2002 ICPSR 1249 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Equity financing of entrepreneurial firms has achieved a rapid increase over the past decade. Venture capital funds, which finance privately held start-ups, raised a record $92.3 billion in 2000. This is a 30-fold increase relative to 1990. At Nasdaq, initial public offerings raised an all-time high of $53.6 billion in 2000, which is 24 times as much as in 1990. This article studies venture equity financing and equity financing through initial public offerings against the background of asymmetric information between the entrepreneur and the (outside) investor. The analysis shows that venture capital financing (1) is superior to initial public offerings when the entrepreneur has low initial wealth relative to the size of the project and (2) is equivalent otherwise. This result highlights the importance of private equity in financing entrepreneurial enterprises. The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 allows banks to expand the scope of their activities in this arena. The act allows financial holding companies to provide equity financing to non-financial enterprises for up to ten years. In particular, the act defines a framework in which financial holding companies can sponsor private equity funds that may provide venture capital to entrepreneurial start-ups. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01249.v1 entrepreneurs icpsr financial industry icpsr investors icpsr startup companies icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Schmid, Frank A. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1249 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01249.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01124 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1997 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01124 MiAaI MiAaI Estimates of ACIR's (Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations) Tax Capacity and Tax Effort Indexes, All States, 1960-1991 [electronic resource] William D. Berry , Richard C. Fording 1997-03-07 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1997 ICPSR 1124 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The purpose of this study is to estimate state values on the ACIR's (Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations) tax capacity and tax effort indexes in years between 1960 and 1991 for which ACIR did not calculate values. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01124.v1 states (USA) icpsr tax revenues icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Berry, William D. Fording, Richard C. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1124 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01124.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01012 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01012 MiAaI MiAaI Estimating a Market Equilibrium Search Model [electronic resource] University of Minnesota 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1012 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01012.v1 economics icpsr markets icpsr research models icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive University of Minnesota Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1012 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01012.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01135 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1997 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01135 MiAaI MiAaI Ethnopolitical Rebellion, a Cross-Sectional Analysis of the 1980s with Risk Assessments for the 1990s [electronic resource] Will H. Moore , Ted Robert Gurr 1997-10-08 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1997 ICPSR 1135 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. A synthetic theoretical model built on both deprivation and resources mobilization arguments is constructed to explain ethnopolitical rebellion for the 1980s and to provide risk assessments for the 1990s. The principal investigators hypothesize that ethnopolitial groups that produce residuals below the regression line will likely exhibit rebellious behavior in the early 1990s. They use a three-stage least squares estimator, analyze the coefficients and standard errors, and also examine the residuals. The PIs find broad support for the theoretical synthesis, but focus attention on the risk assessments. In addition to identifying ethnopolitical groups that did resort to greater violence in the early 1990s, the theoretical model helps to explain why a number of groups that the analysis suggested would rebel in the early 1990s have not, in fact, done so. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01135.v1 ethnic groups icpsr minorities icpsr political behavior icpsr political violence icpsr risk assessment icpsr violence icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive TPDRC I. Terrorism IDRC I. Conflict Data Moore, Will H. Gurr, Ted Robert Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1135 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01135.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01314 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2005 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01314 MiAaI MiAaI Evidence on Wage Inequality, Worker Education and Technology [electronic resource] Christopher H. Wheeler 2005-11-28 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2005 ICPSR 1314 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The rise in United States wage inequality over the past two decades is commonly associated with an increase in the use of "skill-biased" technologies (e.g., computer equipment) in the workplace, yet relatively few studies have attempted to measure the direct link between the two. This paper explores the relationship among inequality, worker education levels, and workplace computer usage using a sample of 230 United States industries between 1983 and 2002. The results generate two primary conclusions: First, this rising inequality in the United States has been caused predominantly by increasing wage dispersion within industries rather than between industries. Second, within-industry inequality is strongly tied to both the frequency of computer usage among workers and the fraction of total employment with a college degree. Both results lend support to the idea that skill-biased technological change has been an important element in the rise of United States wage inequality. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01314.v1 computers icpsr education icpsr employment potential icpsr labor icpsr technological change icpsr technology icpsr wage earners icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Wheeler, Christopher H. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1314 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01314.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01219 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2000 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01219 MiAaI MiAaI Evolution of Monetary Policy in Transition Economies [electronic resource] Ali Kutan , Josef Brada 2000-08-28 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2000 ICPSR 1219 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The last decade of the 20th century brought about many economic and financial changes in the economies of former communist countries. This article provides an overview of the developments that took place in financial markets, institutions, and monetary policies of three of the most advanced transition economies: the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland. After examining the evolution of monetary policy in each country, the authors highlight the problems that monetary authorities have faced in these countries and describe the current approach to managing inflation. The authors state that although monetary policy has made a significant contribution to stabilization, the relative newness and fragility of these countries' markets and institutions remains a concern because of the heavy burden placed on monetary authorities in the battle to reduce inflation. They caution that it will be important to continue to strengthen the capital market in these countries and to provide more active fiscal policy support for monetary policy. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01219.v1 economic change icpsr economic policy icpsr inflation icpsr market economy icpsr monetary policy icpsr transition economies icpsr IDRC II. Economic Data ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Kutan, Ali Brada, Josef Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1219 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01219.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01325 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2006 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01325 MiAaI MiAaI The Evolution of the Subprime Mortgage Market [electronic resource] Souphala Chomsisengphet , Anthony Pennington-Cross 2006-01-31 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2006 ICPSR 1325 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. This paper describes subprime lending in the mortgage market and how it has evolved through time. Subprime lending has introduced a substantial amount of risk-based pricing into the mortgage market by creating a myriad of prices and product choices largely determined by borrower credit history (mortgage and rental payments, foreclosures and bankruptcies, and overall credit scores) and down payment requirements. Although subprime lending still differs from prime lending in many ways, much of the growth (at least in the securitized portion of the market) has come in the least-risky (A-) segment of the market. In addition, lenders have imposed prepayment penalties to extend the duration of loans and required larger down payments to lower their credit risk exposure from high-risk loans. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01325.v1 loans icpsr mortgages icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Chomsisengphet, Souphala Pennington-Cross, Anthony Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1325 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01325.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01032 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01032 MiAaI MiAaI Excess Co-Movement of Commodity Prices [electronic resource] Robert S. Pindyck , Julio Rotemberg 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1032 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01032.v1 commodities icpsr prices icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Pindyck, Robert S. Rotemberg, Julio Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1032 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01032.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01240 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2001 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01240 MiAaI MiAaI Expected Federal Budget Surplus [electronic resource] How Much Confidence Should the Public and Policymakers Place in the Projections? Kevin L. Kliesen , Daniel L. Thornton 2001-06-12 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2001 ICPSR 1240 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. When the government runs a deficit, it can borrow from the public -- that is, it can create debt. Conversely, when the government runs a surplus, it can retire that debt. For the past three years, the federal government has recorded budget surpluses, and both the White House Office of Management and Budget and the Congressional Budget Office project that these surpluses will increase for at least the next decade. If these projections prove to be accurate, the $3.5 trillion of publicly held federal debt could be eliminated by around 2010. This article, which was written prior to the updated estimates published in January 2001, assesses the likelihood that these projected surpluses will materialize, and consequently eliminate the public debt, by comparing previous budget projections with actual outcomes. The authors show that the long-term budget projections have not provided a useful indicator of actual experience. Principally, these errors occur because of changes in macroeconomic conditions or unforeseen legislative actions, which both result in unanticipated increases or decreases in revenues or outlays. Not surprisingly, the projections have proven to be less reliable the longer the projection horizon. Moreover, over the period of available data, the projections have been biased upward, i.e., the actual deficits have been larger than projected. Accordingly, the authors suggest that prospects for eliminating the public debt may be overstated. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01240.v1 federal budget surplus icpsr national debt icpsr prediction icpsr public confidence icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Kliesen, Kevin L. Thornton, Daniel L. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1240 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01240.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR20962 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2007 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR20962 MiAaI MiAaI Experiments in Financial Liberalization [electronic resource] The Mexican Banking Sector Ruben Hernandez-Murillo 2007-09-14 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2007 ICPSR 20962 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Since the liberalization of its trade in the mid-1980s, Mexico has pursued an aggressive globalization strategy, which today makes it the country with the most free trade agreements in the world. This liberalization strategy has also included the banking sector, particularly since 1997, when all restrictions to the entry of foreign banks were removed. The history of the banking sector in Mexico includes episodes of nationalization in 1982, privatization in 1992, and near-complete failure in 1995. Since then, however, the Mexican government has undertaken a series of bold reforms that have contributed to the modernization of its financial system. This paper documents the evolution of Mexico's banking sector starting from its nationalization in 1982 and culminating with the increased entry of foreign banks in recent years that has driven the recovery of bank credit to the private sector. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR20962.v1 banking icpsr free trade icpsr globalization icpsr nationalization icpsr private sector icpsr privatization icpsr financial institutions icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive IDRC II. Economic Data Hernandez-Murillo, Ruben Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 20962 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR20962.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01088 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01088 MiAaI MiAaI Explanations for the Increased Riskiness of Banks in the 1980's [electronic resource] Sangkyun Park 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1088 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01088.v1 bank failures icpsr banks icpsr financial institutions icpsr savings and loans crisis icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Park, Sangkyun Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1088 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01088.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01192 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1999 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01192 MiAaI MiAaI Fairness in the Apportionment of Seats in the Legislature [electronic resource] Is There Room for Improvement? Ali Carkoglu , Emre Erdogan 1999-04-12 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1999 ICPSR 1192 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. This research explores which of the different apportionment methods are relatively fair, by emphasizing the historical evolution of apportionment methods in the Turkish context. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01192.v1 legislative bodies icpsr legislatures icpsr political representation icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive IDRC III. Electoral Systems and Political Behavior Carkoglu, Ali Erdogan, Emre Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1192 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01192.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01040 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01040 MiAaI MiAaI Fare Determination in Airline Hub-and-Spoke Networks [electronic resource] Jan K. Brueckner , Pablo T. Spiller 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1040 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01040.v1 air transportation icpsr air travel icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Brueckner, Jan K. Spiller, Pablo T. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1040 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01040.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR22683 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2008 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR22683 MiAaI MiAaI Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) Consensus Forecasts [electronic resource] William T. Gavin , Geetanjali Pande 2008-06-10 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2008 ICPSR 22683 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. In November 2007, the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) announced a change in the way it communicates its view of the economic outlook: It increased the frequency of its forecasts from two to four times per year, and it increased the length of the forecasting horizon from two to three years. The FOMC does not release the individual members' forecasts or standard measures of consensus such as the mean or median. Rather, it continues to release the forecast information as a range of forecasts, both the full range between the high and the low and a central tendency that omits the extreme values. This paper uses individual forecaster data from the Survey of Professional Forecasters (SPF) to mimic the FOMC's method for creating their central tendency. The authors show that the midpoint of the central tendency of the SPF is a reliable measure of the consensus, suggesting that the FOMC reporting method is also a reliable measure of consensus. For the dates when both are available, the authors also compare the relative forecast accuracy of the FOMC and SPF consensus forecasts for output growth and inflation. Overall, the differences in forecast accuracy are too small to be statistically significant. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR22683.v1 business cycles icpsr Gross Domestic Product icpsr inflation icpsr policy making icpsr price indexes icpsr consumption icpsr economic conditions icpsr economic forecasting icpsr economic growth icpsr economic history icpsr economic indicators icpsr economic policy icpsr expenditures icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Gavin, William T. Pande, Geetanjali Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 22683 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR22683.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01073 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01073 MiAaI MiAaI The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) in 1992 [electronic resource] A Monetary Conundrum Joseph A. Ritter 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1073 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01073.v1 ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Ritter, Joseph A. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1073 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01073.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01299 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2004 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01299 MiAaI MiAaI The Federal Reserve Responds to Crises [electronic resource] September 11th Was Not the First Christopher J. Neely 2004-08-12 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2004 ICPSR 1299 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. A primary purpose of the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 was to prevent banking panics by establishing the Federal Reserve System to function as a lender of last resort. Other types of financial crisis require a similar response, however, and the Federal Reserve has repeatedly used its capacity to generate liquidity to insulate the economy from crises in financial markets. The Fed's response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, is the most recent example of this. This paper reviews the Fed's responses to crises and potential crises in financial markets: the stock market crash of 1987, the Russian default, and the September 11th attacks. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01299.v1 economic crises icpsr Federal Reserve System icpsr markets icpsr national security icpsr terrorist attacks icpsr TPDRC I. Terrorism ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Neely, Christopher J. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1299 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01299.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR22682 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2008 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR22682 MiAaI MiAaI The Federal Response to Home Mortgage Distress [electronic resource] Lessons from the Great Depression David C. Wheelock 2008-06-09 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2008 ICPSR 22682 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. This article examines the federal response to mortgage distress during the Great Depression. It documents features of the housing cycle of the 1920s and early 1930s, focusing on the growth of mortgage debt and the subsequent sharp increase in mortgage defaults and foreclosures during the Depression. It summarizes the major federal initiatives to reduce foreclosures and reform mortgage market practices, focusing especially on the activities of the Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC), which acquired and refinanced one million delinquent mortgages between 1933 and 1936. Because the conditions under which the HOLC operated were unusual, the author cautions against drawing strong policy lessons from the HOLC's activities. Nonetheless, similarities between the Great Depression and the recent episode suggest that a review of the historical experience can provide insights about alternative policies to relieve mortgage distress. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR22682.v1 depression (economic) icpsr economic change icpsr economic conditions icpsr economic crises icpsr economic growth icpsr economic history icpsr economic policy icpsr economic reform icpsr federal housing programs icpsr Great Depression (1929) icpsr home owners icpsr home ownership icpsr housing costs icpsr mortgages icpsr debt icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Wheelock, David C. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 22682 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR22682.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR24563 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2009 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR24563 MiAaI MiAaI The Fed, Liquidity, and Credit Allocation [electronic resource] Daniel L. Thornton 2009-01-26 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2009 ICPSR 24563 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The current financial turmoil has generated considerable discussion of liquidity. Moreover, it has been widely reported that the Federal Reserve played a major role in supplying liquidity to financial markets during this distressed time. This article describes two ways in which the Fed has supplied liquidity since late 2007. The first is traditional: The Fed supplies liquidity by providing credit through open market operations and by lending to depository institutions at the so-called discount window. The second is by enhancing the liquidity of portfolios of some institutions by replacing their less-liquid assets with more-liquid assets. The Fed has used the second approach since late 2007. Unlike several previous occasions, however, it began supplying liquidity in the first, more traditional way only recently in September 2008. This article notes that the Fed departed from its long-standing tradition of minimizing its effect on the allocation of credit by supplying liquidity to institutions that it believed to be most in need, at the same time, it neutralized the effects of these actions on the total supply of liquidity in the financial market. The article also discusses the Fed's reasons for reallocating credit this time rather than simply increasing the total supply of financial market liquidity. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR24563.v1 banks icpsr central banks icpsr credit icpsr Federal Open Market Committee icpsr Federal Reserve System icpsr financial assets icpsr financial institutions icpsr financial policy icpsr foreign exchange icpsr housing costs icpsr monetary policy icpsr policy making icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Thornton, Daniel L. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 24563 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR24563.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01326 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2006 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01326 MiAaI MiAaI The Fed's Monetary Policy Rule [electronic resource] William Poole 2006-01-31 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2006 ICPSR 1326 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. This article was originally presented as a speech at the Cato Institute, Washington, DC, October 14, 2005 Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01326.v1 monetary policy icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Poole, William Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1326 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01326.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01220 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2000 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01220 MiAaI MiAaI Feeding the National Accounts [electronic resource] Joseph Ritter 2000-08-28 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2000 ICPSR 1220 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. A complex tracking system called the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) is used to measure and monitor the United States economy. This article surveys the main data sources currently used in NIPA. It is not primarily an article about methodology, but focuses instead on the raw inputs to the process: Who is answering what kinds of questions? Closer acquaintance with the data sources behind the accounts highlights the considerable uncertainty about exact magnitudes of various aggregate quantities (and their growth rates) and the need for ongoing evaluation of the data collection efforts that support the accounts. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01220.v1 national economy icpsr national income icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Ritter, Joseph Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1220 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01220.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01260 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2002 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01260 MiAaI MiAaI Few and Far Between? [electronic resource] An Environmental Equity Analysis of the Geographic Distribution of Hazardous Waste Generation Mark Atlas 2002-08-13 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2002 ICPSR 1260 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. This article examines whether the generation of hazardous waste is concentrated in communities that are disproportionately minority or low-income. While much environmental equity research has focused on commercial facilities managing hazardous waste, facilities that generate and manage their own wastes -- which account for over 98 percent of hazardous waste volume -- have been ignored. The demographic characteristics were determined of people in geographic concentric rings around hazardous waste generators accounting for most of the country's 1997 hazardous waste volume. The author's analyses indicate no tendency for disproportionately minority communities to be near these facilities. In fact, relatively few people are near the locations where most hazardous waste is generated. While a few of these facilities have large numbers of minority people around them, most are in areas with higher than average white populations. There was, however, a tendency for low-income communities to be near these facilities. To the extent that there are potential risks from the presence of hazardous waste at facilities, most of this risk is in relatively unpopulated areas. The presence of hazardous waste is not concentrated in areas that are disproportionately minority or low-income. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01260.v1 communities icpsr environmental hazards icpsr geographic distribution icpsr hazardous waste icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Atlas, Mark Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1260 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01260.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01056 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01056 MiAaI MiAaI Filtering with ARCH [electronic resource] A Monte Carlo Experiment Daniel B. Nelson , Boaz A. Schwartz 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1056 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01056.v1 ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Nelson, Daniel B. Schwartz, Boaz A. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1056 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01056.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01084 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01084 MiAaI MiAaI Financial Innovation, Deregulation and the "Credit View" of Monetary Policy [electronic resource] Daniel L. Thornton 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1084 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01084.v1 credit icpsr deregulation icpsr finance icpsr monetary policy icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Thornton, Daniel L. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1084 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01084.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01042 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01042 MiAaI MiAaI Finite Lifetimes and the Effects of Budget Deficits on National Saving [electronic resource] James Poterba , Lawrence H. Summers 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1042 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01042.v1 budget deficits icpsr national economy icpsr savings icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Poterba, James Summers, Lawrence H. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1042 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01042.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR25062 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2009 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR25062 MiAaI MiAaI Firm Volatility and Credit [electronic resource] A Macroeconomic Analysis Leo Kaas 2009-03-11 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2009 ICPSR 25062 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. This paper examines a tractable real business cycle model with idiosyncratic productivity shocks and binding credit constraints on entrepreneurs. The model shows how firm volatility increases in combination with credit market development. It further generates the observed co-movement of credit and firm volatility with output at business cycle frequencies in response to aggregate productivity shocks. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR25062.v1 business cycles icpsr Gross Domestic Product icpsr macroeconomics icpsr market economy icpsr policy making icpsr credit icpsr economic history icpsr economic models icpsr economic policy icpsr entrepreneurs icpsr financial management icpsr financial planning icpsr forecasting models icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Kaas, Leo Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 25062 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR25062.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01024 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01024 MiAaI MiAaI Flexible Parametric Estimation of Duration and Competing Risk Models [electronic resource] Jerry A. Hausman , Aaron Han 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1024 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01024.v1 ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Hausman, Jerry A. Han, Aaron Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1024 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01024.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01287 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2003 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01287 MiAaI MiAaI FOMC Forecasts [electronic resource] Is All the Information in the Central Tendency? William T. Gavin 2003-06-25 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2003 ICPSR 1287 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Federal Reserve policymakers began reporting their economic forecasts to Congress in 1979. These forecasts are important because they indicate what the Federal Open Market Committee members think will be the likely consequence of their policies. The Fed reports both the range (high and low) of the individual policymakers' forecasts and a truncated central tendency. The central tendency range omits outliers from both the top and the bottom of the full range. The author of this article finds, generally, that the forecasts derived from the full range are at least as good as those derived from the central tendency and, in a few cases, significantly better. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01287.v1 economic planning icpsr Federal Reserve System icpsr monetary policy icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Gavin, William T. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1287 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01287.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01147 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1998 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01147 MiAaI MiAaI FOMC in 1993 and 1994 [electronic resource] Monetary Policy in Transition Michael R. Pakko 1998-08-27 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1998 ICPSR 1147 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The data collection contains data on the actions of the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC), the Federal Reserve's primary policymaking body, over the last two years. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01147.v1 Federal Open Market Committee icpsr Federal Reserve System icpsr monetary policy icpsr policy making icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Pakko, Michael R. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1147 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01147.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01167 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1998 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01167 MiAaI MiAaI FOMC in 1995 [electronic resource] A Step Closer to Inflation Targeting? William T. Gavin 1998-08-27 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1998 ICPSR 1167 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The data explore using price level rather than money supply as a guide for Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) policy regarding inflation. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01167.v1 Federal Open Market Committee icpsr inflation icpsr monetary policy icpsr monetary reserves icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Gavin, William T. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1167 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01167.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01210 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2000 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01210 MiAaI MiAaI FOMC in 1998 [electronic resource] Can It Get Any Better Than This? David C. Wheelock 2000-05-02 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2000 ICPSR 1210 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. This article explores how the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) largely contributed to the solid performance of the United States economy in 1998. The author discusses how the FOMC focused on domestic spending growth, tight labor markets, and increasing money stock growth to create a monetary policy that prevented increase in domestic demand. Further, the data illustrate how the committee also eased policy to accommodate the increasing demand for liquidity caused by Russia's default on its domestic debt and economic weaknesses in Asia and Latin America. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01210.v1 Federal Open Market Committee icpsr labor markets icpsr monetary policy icpsr national debt icpsr national economy icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Wheelock, David C. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1210 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01210.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01270 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2003 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01270 MiAaI MiAaI The FOMC's Balance-of-Risk Statement and Market Expectations of Policy Actions [electronic resource] Robert H. Rasche , Daniel L. Thornton 2003-04-18 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2003 ICPSR 1270 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. In January 2000, the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) instituted the practice of issuing a "balance of risks" statement along with their policy decision immediately following each FOMC meeting. The authors evaluate the use of the balance-of-risks statement and the market's interpretation of it. They find that the balance-of-risks statement is one of the factors that market participants use to determine the likelihood that the FOMC will adjust its target for the federal funds rate at their next meeting. Moreover, they find that, on some occasions, the FOMC behaved in such a way as to encourage the use of the balance-of-risks statement for this purpose. The clarifying statements that sometimes accompany these balance-of-risks statements, as well as general remarks made by the Chairman and other FOMC members, often provide additional useful information. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01270.v1 interest rates icpsr monetary policy icpsr risk assessment icpsr securities icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Rasche, Robert H. Thornton, Daniel L. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1270 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01270.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01242 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2001 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01242 MiAaI MiAaI Forecasting Inflation and Growth [electronic resource] Do Private Forecasts Match Those of Policymakers? William T. Gavin , Rachel Mandel 2001-06-12 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2001 ICPSR 1242 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) projections are important because they provide information for evaluating current monetary policy intentions and because they indicate what FOMC members think will be the likely consequence of their policies. Knowing the Fed's objectives, their forecasts, and recent deviations of the economy from the forecasts should be sufficient to understand how the Fed is making monetary policy. Results here show that the Blue Chip consensus forecasts are a good proxy for the FOMC views. For example, they match the policymakers' views as closely as do the Board staff forecasts presented at FOMC meetings. Using alternative forms of the Taylor rule, the authors show that the Blue Chip consensus and the Fed policymakers' forecasts have almost identical implications for the monetary policy process. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01242.v1 economic growth icpsr Federal Open Market Committee icpsr inflation icpsr monetary policy icpsr prediction icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Gavin, William T. Mandel, Rachel Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1242 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01242.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR22684 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2008 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR22684 MiAaI MiAaI Forecasting Inflation and Output [electronic resource] Comparing Data-Rich Models with Simple Rules William T. Gavin , Kevin L. Kliesen 2008-06-10 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2008 ICPSR 22684 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. There has been a resurgence of interest in dynamic factor models for use by policy advisors. Dynamic factor methods can be used to incorporate a wide range of economic information when forecasting or measuring economic shocks. This article introduces dynamic factor models that underlie the data-rich methods and also tests whether the data-rich models can help a benchmark autoregressive model forecast alternative measures of inflation and real economic activity at horizons of 3, 12, and 24 months ahead. The authors find that, over the past decade, the data-rich models significantly improve the forecasts for a variety of real output and inflation indicators. For all the series that they examine, the authors find that the data-rich models become more useful when forecasting over longer horizons. The exception is the unemployment rate, where the principal components provide significant forecasting information at all horizons. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR22684.v1 business cycles icpsr inflation icpsr unemployment rate icpsr consumption icpsr economic activity icpsr economic forecasting icpsr economic indicators icpsr economic models icpsr economic policy icpsr economic planning icpsr economic trends icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Gavin, William T. Kliesen, Kevin L. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 22684 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR22684.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR25081 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2009 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR25081 MiAaI MiAaI Foreign Direct Investment, Productivity, and Country Growth [electronic resource] An Overview Silvio Contessi , Ariel Weinberger 2009-03-11 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2009 ICPSR 25081 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The authors review the empirical literature that studies the relationship between foreign direct investment, productivity, and growth using aggregate data, and focus on two questions: (1) is there evidence of a positive relationship between foreign direct investment and national growth? and (2) does the output of the "multinational sectors" exhibit higher labor productivity? The authors also briefly discuss how the microeconomic evidence and a number of aggregation and composition problems might help explain the ambiguous results in this literature. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR25081.v1 domestic trade icpsr economic growth icpsr economic indicators icpsr economic policy icpsr exchange rates icpsr exports icpsr foreign investment icpsr Gross Domestic Product icpsr inflation icpsr international economics icpsr international markets icpsr international trade icpsr labor economics icpsr microeconomics icpsr NAFTA icpsr productivity icpsr regulatory processes icpsr World Trade Organization icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Contessi, Silvio Weinberger, Ariel Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 25081 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR25081.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01156 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1998 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01156 MiAaI MiAaI For Here or To Go? Purchasing Power Parity and the Big Mac [electronic resource] Michael R. Pakko , Patricia Pollard 1998-08-27 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1998 ICPSR 1156 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Discussion of purchasing power parity (PPP) using the price of the McDonald's Big Mac sandwich. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01156.v1 prices icpsr fast food industry icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Pakko, Michael R. Pollard, Patricia Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1156 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01156.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01019 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01019 MiAaI MiAaI Gauss Programs and Datasets [electronic resource] Timothy F. Bresnahan , Peter C. Reiss 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1019 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01019.v1 ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Bresnahan, Timothy F. Reiss, Peter C. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1019 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01019.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR33001 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2012 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR33001 MiAaI MiAaI Generational Memory and the Critical Period [electronic resource] Evidence for National and World Events, 1985-2010 Howard Schuman , Amy Corning 2012-01-23 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2012 ICPSR 33001 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Investigators of this study bring together survey data from sources both new and old in order to test the generational hypothesis that national and world events experienced during a "critical period" of later childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood have a disproportionate effect on memories, attitudes, and actions in later life. Also considered were competing explanations for the same evidence, especially interpretations based on period and recency effects. The data come from nine surveys, mostly national, carried out in the United States and in six other countries (China, Germany, Israel, Japan, Lithuania, and Russia), between 1985 and 2010. The hypothesis is largely supported for recall of past events, and also for commemorative behavior connected to World War II and to the Vietnam War. The evidence is mixed with regard to attitudes toward the Gulf War and the Iraq invasion, emphasizing the distinction between generational effects that result from lifetime experience and those due to a critical period. The analysis considered most of the major events faced by Americans over the past 80 years, ranging from the Great Depression to current issues, including such national traumas as the assassination of President Kennedy, the Vietnam War, and the September 11, 2001, terrorist attack. Comparable events in other countries were also examined. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR33001.v1 adults icpsr attitudes icpsr child development icpsr childhood icpsr coping icpsr emotional development icpsr experience icpsr life events icpsr mental health icpsr psychological effects icpsr September 11 attack icpsr terrorism icpsr Vietnam War icpsr war icpsr world problems icpsr World War II icpsr world wars icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Schuman, Howard Corning, Amy Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 33001 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR33001.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01162 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1998 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01162 MiAaI MiAaI Giant Sucking Sound [electronic resource] Did NAFTA Devour the Mexican Peso? Christopher J. Neely 1998-08-27 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1998 ICPSR 1162 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The data examine the relationship between the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the Mexican peso crisis of December 1994. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01162.v1 currencies icpsr currency devaluation icpsr international trade icpsr NAFTA icpsr peso icpsr IDRC II. Economic Data ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Neely, Christopher J. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1162 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01162.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01203 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1999 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01203 MiAaI MiAaI Going Down [electronic resource] The Asian Crisis and United States Exports Patricia S. Pollard , Cletus C. Coughlin 1999-08-18 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1999 ICPSR 1203 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The Asian financial and economic crisis has attracted much attention to the trade links among the United States and countries throughout Asia. Until the crisis, United States exports to East Asia were growing rapidly. In this article, the authors examine the abrupt decline in exports and provide estimates of the sizes of the export shock both to the United States economy as a whole and to specific sectors. More than half the industries they studied experienced declines in exports to East Asia of more than 15 percent. However, focusing solely on the export data overstates the importance of these declines for the industries in question. The effect of the decline depends on the extent to which that industry relies on the East Asian market to sell its output. Incorporating the export declines with the market share data indicates the extent to which each industry has been affected. For most industries, the decline in exports lowered growth by 0.4 percentage points or less. For some industries, such as the nonelectrical machinery industry, the export shock reduced output by 1 percent or more. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01203.v1 economic crises icpsr exports icpsr industry icpsr international trade icpsr national economy icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Pollard, Patricia S. Coughlin, Cletus C. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1203 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01203.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01077 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01077 MiAaI MiAaI The Gold Standard, Bretton Woods and Other Monetary Regimes [electronic resource] A Historical Appraisal Michael D. Bordo , Institute for International Economics and University of Bonn 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1077 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01077.v1 historical data icpsr economics icpsr monetary policy icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Bordo, Michael D. Institute for International Economics and University of Bonn Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1077 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01077.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01345 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2007 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01345 MiAaI MiAaI Granger Causality and Equilibrium Business Cycle Theory [electronic resource] Wen Yi 2007-05-16 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2007 ICPSR 1345 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Postwar United States data show that consumption growth 'Granger-causes' output and investment growth, which is puzzling if technology is the driving force of the business cycle. The author asks whether general equilibrium models with information frictions and non-technology shocks can rationalize the observed causal relationships. His conclusion is they cannot. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01345.v1 business cycles icpsr consumption icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Yi, Wen Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1345 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01345.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR31762 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2011 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR31762 MiAaI MiAaI Hedonic Quality-Adjusted Price Indices for the American Automobile Industry, 1906-1941 [United States] [electronic resource] Daniel M.G. Raff , Manuel Trajtenberg 2011-10-28 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2011 ICPSR 31762 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. This data collection consists of prices and detailed attribute information for automobile models published in the contemporary trade press -- specifically the periodicals "Automotive Industries" and "Motor" -- at the time of the annual New York Auto Show from 1906 to 1941. It is important to note that the data represent only firms operating above a certain minimal economic threshold, namely they were large enough to make advertising at the major annual trade show attractive. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR31762.v1 automobile industry icpsr price indexes icpsr price trends icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Raff, Daniel M.G. Trajtenberg, Manuel Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 31762 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR31762.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR04371 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2006 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR04371 MiAaI MiAaI Height of Military Cadets in Austria-Hungary (Habsburg Monarchy) 1731-1759, 1859-1906 [electronic resource] John Komlos 2006-06-29 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2006 ICPSR 4371 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. This data collection was designed to ascertain the physical stature of military cadets in Austria-Hungary (Habsburg Monarchy) in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The purpose of this study is to explore the nature of human growth in the eighteenth and early-nineteenth centuries in order to discover its salient changes up to the present. The data supply information on the cadet's age, year of birth, height, weight, and place of provenance. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR04371.v2 body height icpsr eighteenth century icpsr military schools icpsr military service icpsr nineteenth century icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive IDRC V. Health Data Komlos, John Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 4371 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR04371.v2 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01263 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2002 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01263 MiAaI MiAaI High-Tech Investment Boom and Economic Growth in the 1990s [electronic resource] Accounting for Quality Michael R. Pakko 2002-08-13 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2002 ICPSR 1263 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The rapid pace of economic growth in the 1990s was associated with an increasingly prominent role for investment, particularly for information processing and communications technologies. Given the evident pace of technological advancement in these sectors, official economic statistics have been constructed to take careful account of improvements in the quality of these high-tech capital goods. In this article, the author examines the possibility that this selective accounting for quality improvement has distorted the true importance of high-tech investment in recent economic growth trends. After constructing alternative measures of investment spending that are adjusted for quality change that may go unmeasured in the official data, he finds that the increasing importance of high-tech investment revealed in the official data is quite robust: The prominent role of investment spending during the 1990s, particularly for high-tech capital goods, does in fact represent a significant departure from past trends in the composition of United States economic growth. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01263.v1 communications systems icpsr economic growth icpsr high tech industry icpsr information technology icpsr investments icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Pakko, Michael R. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1263 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01263.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01198 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1999 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01198 MiAaI MiAaI Historical United States Money Growth, Inflation, and Inflation Credibility [electronic resource] William G. Dewald 1999-06-23 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1999 ICPSR 1198 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. This research focuses on the longer-term monetary relationships in historical data. Charts describing the 10-year average growth rates in the M2 monetary aggregate, nominal GDP, real GDP, and inflation are used to show that there is a consistent longer-term correlation between M2 growth, nominal GDP growth, and inflation but not between such nominal variables and real GDP growth. The data reveal extremely long cycles in monetary growth and inflation, the most recent of which was the strong upward trend in M2 growth, nominal GDP growth, and inflation during the 1960s and 1970s, and the strong downward trend since then. Data going back to the 19th century show that the most recent inflation/disinflation cycle is a repetition of earlier long monetary growth and inflation cycles in the United States historical record. Also discussed is a measure of bond market inflation credibility, defined as the difference between averages in long-term bond rates and real GDP growth. By this measure, inflation credibility hovered close to zero during the 1950s and early 1960s, but then rose to a peak of about 10 percent in the early 1980s. During the 1990s, the bond market has yet to restore the low inflation credibility that existed before inflation turned up during the 1960s. The conclusion is that the risks of starting another costly inflation/disinflation cycle could be avoided by monitoring monetary growth and maintaining a sufficiently tight policy to keep inflation low. An environment of credible price stability would allow the economy to function unfettered by inflationary distortions, which is all that can reasonably be expected of monetary policy, and is precisely what should be expected. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01198.v1 economic growth rate icpsr historical data icpsr inflation icpsr Gross Domestic Product icpsr national economy icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Dewald, William G. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1198 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01198.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01230 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2000 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01230 MiAaI MiAaI History of the Asymmetric Policy Directive [electronic resource] Daniel L. Thornton , David C. Wheelock 2000-12-06 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2000 ICPSR 1230 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. From 1983 through 1999, policy directives issued by the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) contained a statement pertaining to possible future policy actions, which was known as the "symmetry," "tilt," or "bias" of the directive. In May 1999, the FOMC began to announce publicly the symmetry of its current directive. This resulted in much speculation about the meaning of asymmetric directives, which the FOMC had never officially defined. In this article, the authors. investigate three suggested interpretations: (1) Asymmetry was intended to convey likely changes in policy either between FOMC meetings or at the next meeting, (2) Asymmetry increased the chairman's authority to change policy in the direction indicated by the specified asymmetry, and (3) Asymmetric language was used primarily to build consensus among voting FOMC members. The authors find strong support in the implementation of monetary policy only for the consensus-building hypothesis. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01230.v1 Federal Open Market Committee icpsr policy making icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Thornton, Daniel L. Wheelock, David C. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1230 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01230.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01291 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2003 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01291 MiAaI MiAaI How Banks Can Self-Monitor Their Lending to Comply with the Equal Credit Opportunity Act [electronic resource] James H. Gilkeson , Drew B. Winters , Peggy D. Dwyer 2003-10-09 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2003 ICPSR 1291 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The authors provide a step-by-step discussion of how an individual lender in the United States can self-monitor its loan process for compliance with the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, illustrated with an empirical example. The article addresses the problems faced by individual lenders who attempt to self-monitor their lending process and concludes with a discussion of the continuing, constructive role that bank examiners and regulators can play in this endeavor. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01291.v1 banks icpsr credit icpsr loans icpsr regulatory processes icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Gilkeson, James H. Winters, Drew B. Dwyer, Peggy D. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1291 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01291.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01194 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1999 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01194 MiAaI MiAaI How Closely Do Banks Manage Vault Cash? [electronic resource] Donald S. Allen 1999-04-30 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1999 ICPSR 1194 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data on daily vault cash balances in the Eighth Federal Reserve District were examined to see if banks have been optimizing their vault cash levels. Recent reductions in reserve requirements have not been accompanied by significant reductions in vault cash. This situation suggests that banks may be managing vault cash reserves primarily as precautionary balances to satisfy daily fluctuations in deposits and withdrawals, rather than as part of total reserve management. In 1997, some larger banks instituted formal management of vault currency. If this practice spreads, it will have implications for monetary policy and cash operations. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01194.v1 banks icpsr financial management icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Allen, Donald S. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1194 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01194.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01302 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2004 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01302 MiAaI MiAaI How Costly Is Sustained Low Inflation for the U.S. Economy? [electronic resource] James B. Bullard , Steven Russell 2004-08-12 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2004 ICPSR 1302 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The authors study the welfare cost of inflation in a general equilibrium life-cycle model that includes households that live for many periods, production and capital, simple monetary and financial sectors, and a fairly elaborate government sector. The government's taxation of capital income is not indexed for inflation. They find that a plausibly calibrated version of this model has a steady state that matches a variety of facts about the postwar U.S. economy. They use the model to estimate the welfare cost of permanent, policy-induced changes in the inflation rate and find that most of the costs of inflation are direct and indirect consequences of the fact that inflation increases the effective tax rate on capital income. The cost estimates are an order of magnitude larger that other estimates in the literature. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01302.v1 economic sectors icpsr inflation icpsr national economy icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Bullard, James B. Russell, Steven Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1302 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01302.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR20963 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2007 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR20963 MiAaI MiAaI How Well Does Employment Predict Output? [electronic resource] Kevin L. Kliesen 2007-09-17 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2007 ICPSR 20963 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Economists, policymakers, and financial market analysts typically pay close attention to aggregate employment trends because employment is thought to be an important indicator of macroeconomic conditions. One difficulty is that there are two separate surveys of employment, which can diverge widely from one another, as the previous and current economic expansions demonstrate. The conventional wisdom is that, for assessing economic conditions, the survey that counts the number of jobs (establishment survey) is preferable to the survey that counts the number of people employed (household survey). However, results from a one-quarter-ahead forecasting exercise presented in this paper suggest that analysts should question whether employment is a useful indicator for predicting output growth. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR20963.v1 labor force icpsr employment projections icpsr financial planning icpsr financial policy icpsr inflation icpsr labor markets icpsr macroeconomics icpsr policy analysis icpsr policy making icpsr economic conditions icpsr economic growth icpsr economic trends icpsr employment icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Kliesen, Kevin L. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 20963 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR20963.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01268 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2003 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01268 MiAaI MiAaI How Well Do Monetary Fundamentals Forecast Exchange Rates? [electronic resource] Christopher J. Neely , Lucio Sarno 2003-06-05 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2003 ICPSR 1268 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. For many years after the seminal work of Meese and Rogoff (1983a), conventional wisdom held that exchange rates could not be forecast from monetary fundamentals. Monetary models of exchange rate determination were generally unable to beat even a naive no-change model in out-of-sample forecasting. More recently, the use of sophisticated econometric techniques, panel data, and long spans of data has convinced some researchers (Mark and Sul, 2001) that monetary models can forecast a small, but statistically significant part of the variation in exchange rates. Others remain skeptical, however (Rapach and Wohar, 2001b, Faust, Rogers, and Wright, 2001). It remains a puzzle why even the most supportive studies find such a small predictable component to exchange rates. This article reviews the literature on forecasting exchange rates with monetary fundamentals and speculates as to why it remains so difficult. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01268.v1 econometrics icpsr economic indicators icpsr economic models icpsr economic trends icpsr exchange rates icpsr prediction icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Neely, Christopher J. Sarno, Lucio Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1268 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01268.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01329 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2006 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01329 MiAaI MiAaI Human Capital Growth in a Cross Section of U.S. Metropolitan Areas [electronic resource] Christopher H. Wheeler 2006-10-02 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2006 ICPSR 1329 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Human capital growth, defined as the change in the fraction of a metropolitan area's labor force with a bachelor's degree, is typically viewed as generating a number of desirable outcomes, including economic growth. Yet, in spite of its importance, few empirical studies have explored why some economies accumulate more human capital than others. This paper attempts to do so using a sample of more than 200 metropolitan areas in the United States over the years 1980, 1990, and 2000. The results reveal two consistently significant correlates of human capital growth: population and the existing stock of college-educated labor. Given that population growth and human capital growth are both positively associated with education, these results suggest that the geographic distributions of population and human capital should have become more concentrated in recent decades. That is, larger, more-educated metropolitan areas should have exhibited the fastest rates of increase in both population and education and thus 'pulled away' from smaller, less-education metropolitan areas. The evidence largely supports this conclusion. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01329.v1 college degrees icpsr economic growth icpsr educational background icpsr labor force icpsr labor markets icpsr population distribution icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Wheeler, Christopher H. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1329 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01329.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01065 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01065 MiAaI MiAaI Hypothesis Testing with Near-Unit Roots [electronic resource] The Case of Long-Run Purchasing-Power Parity Michael J. Dueker 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1065 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01065.v1 ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Dueker, Michael J. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1065 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01065.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01284 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2003 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01284 MiAaI MiAaI Identifying Business Cycle Turning Points in Real Time [electronic resource] Marcelle Chauvet , Jeremy Piger 2003-06-25 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2003 ICPSR 1284 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. This paper evaluates the ability of a statistical regime-switching model to identify turning points in United States economic activity in real time. The authors work with a Markov-switching model fit to real Gross Domestic Product and employment data that, when estimated on the entire postwar sample, provides a chronology of business cycle peak and trough dates close to that produced by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). Next, they investigate how accurately and quickly the model would have identified NBER-dated turning points had it been used in real time for the past 40 years. In general, the model identifies turning point dates in real time that are close to the NBER dates. For both business cycle peaks and troughs, the model provides systematic improvement over the NBER in the speed at which turning points are identified. Importantly, the model achieves this with few instances of "false positives." Overall, the evidence suggests that the regime-switching model could be a useful supplement to the NBER Business Cycle Dating Committee for establishing turning point dates. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01284.v1 unemployment rate icpsr business cycles icpsr economic activity icpsr economic indicators icpsr economic trends icpsr Gross Domestic Product icpsr national economy icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Chauvet, Marcelle Piger, Jeremy Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1284 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01284.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01043 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01043 MiAaI MiAaI Implied Arch Model from Options Prices [electronic resource] Robert F. Engle 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1043 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01043.v1 ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Engle, Robert F. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1043 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01043.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01090 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01090 MiAaI MiAaI Improving Contingent Valuation Methods [electronic resource] Robin Gregory 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1090 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01090.v1 ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Gregory, Robin Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1090 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01090.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01218 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2000 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01218 MiAaI MiAaI Improving Quantitative Studies of International Conflict [electronic resource] A Conjecture Nathaniel L. Beck , Gary King , Langche Zeng 2000-05-02 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2000 ICPSR 1218 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. In this article, the authors address a well-known but infrequently discussed problem in the quantitative study of international conflict: despite immense data collections, prestigious journals, and sophisticated analyses, empirical findings in the literature on international conflict are often unsatisfying. Many statistical results change from article to article and specification to specification. Accurate forecasts are nonexistent. The authors offer a conjecture about one source of this problem: the causes of conflict, theorized to be important but often found to be small or ephemeral in prior research, are indeed tiny for the vast majority of dyads, but they are large, stable, and replicable wherever the ex ante probability of conflict is large. The authors provide a direct test of their conjecture by formulating a statistical model that includes its critical features. The approach, a version of a "neural network" model, uncovers some structural features of international conflict and also functions as an evaluative measure by forecasting. Moreover, it is easy to evaluate whether the neural network model is a statistical improvement over the simpler models commonly used. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01218.v1 international conflict icpsr statistical models icpsr DSDR IX. NIA Supported Studies ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive IDRC I. Conflict Data NACDA I. Demographic Characteristics of Older Adults Beck, Nathaniel L. King, Gary Zeng, Langche Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1218 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01218.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01011 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01011 MiAaI MiAaI Incentive Effects of Tournaments Revisited [electronic resource] Evidence from the European PGA Tour Ronald G. Ehrenberg , Michael L. Bognanno 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1011 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01011.v1 golf icpsr professional sports icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Ehrenberg, Ronald G. Bognanno, Michael L. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1011 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01011.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01311 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2005 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01311 MiAaI MiAaI Incidence and Timing of PAC Contributions to Incumbent U.S. House Members, 1993-1994 [electronic resource] Janet M. Box-Steffensmeier , Peter M. Radcliffe , Brandon L. Bartels 2005-02-11 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2005 ICPSR 1311 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. We study how donor and recipient characteristics affect the incidence and timing of PAC contributions to incumbent members of the U.S. House of Representatives during the 1993-94 election cycle. We contribute to the campaign finance literature by modeling the timing of contributions, which is important because timing affects the perception of political actors about the competitiveness of elections and the loci of power among members of Congress, interest groups, and between members of Congress and interest groups. We estimate split population event history models to compare and contrast determinants of whether and when contributions are made across various types and sizes of PACs. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01311.v1 campaign contributions icpsr campaign finance icpsr political action committees icpsr special interest groups icpsr United States House of Representatives icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Box-Steffensmeier, Janet M. Radcliffe, Peter M. Bartels, Brandon L. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1311 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01311.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01307 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2005 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01307 MiAaI MiAaI Increasing Importance of Proximity for Exports From U.S. States [electronic resource] Cletus C. Coughlin 2005-03-15 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2005 ICPSR 1307 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Changes in income, trade policies, transportation costs, technology, and many other variables affect the geographic pattern of international trade flows. This paper focuses on the changing geography of merchandise exports from individual U.S. states to foreign countries. Generally speaking, the geographic distribution of state exports has changed so that trade has become more intense with nearby countries relative to distant countries. All states, however, did not experience similar changes. As measured by the distance of trade, which is the average distance that a state's international trade is transported, 40 states experienced a declining distance of trade, while 11 states (including Washington, DC) experienced an increasing distance of trade. Evidence, albeit far from definitive, suggests that declining transportation costs over land, the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement, and faster income growth by nearby trading partners relative to distant partners have contributed to the changing geography of state exports. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01307.v1 exports icpsr international trade icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Coughlin, Cletus C. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1307 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01307.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01069 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01069 MiAaI MiAaI Indicators of Monetary Policy [electronic resource] Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1069 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01069.v1 monetary policy icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1069 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01069.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01082 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01082 MiAaI MiAaI Individual and Market Prices for Risky Gambles [electronic resource] Dorla A. Evans 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1082 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01082.v1 ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Evans, Dorla A. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1082 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01082.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01204 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1999 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01204 MiAaI MiAaI Inflation-Target Design [electronic resource] Changing Inflation Performance and Persistence in Industrial Countries Pierre L. Siklos 1999-08-18 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1999 ICPSR 1204 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. This research explores the behavior of inflation in countries that formally target inflation relative to countries with historically good inflation records but which do not target the rate of change in the consumer price index (CPI). The author examines the design of inflation targets and the circumstances under which they were introduced. The author also asks, via some simple econometric tests, whether the introduction of targets had any statistically discernible impact on inflation persistence, and additionally, whether inflation persistence changed in the select countries that have no formal inflation targets. Finally, the author assesses, via a discussion of the behavior of private sector inflation forecasts, the credibility of inflation targets. Descriptive and econometric evidence suggest that the mere adoption of an inflation target is insufficient in delivering a consistently better inflation performance, nor does it significantly affect inflationary expectations. It remains to be seen whether inflation targeting can withstand pressures stemming from sustained breaches of targets, should inflation policies in the major industrialized countries begin to diverge. After all, the current disinflation, as this study has shown, is an international phenomenon. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01204.v1 consumer price index icpsr econometrics icpsr industrial nations icpsr inflation icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Siklos, Pierre L. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1204 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01204.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR22240 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2008 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR22240 MiAaI MiAaI Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for Crown Prosecutors' Offices [electronic resource] Federico Iannacci , Antonio Cordella , Jannis Kallinikos 2008-04-15 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2008 ICPSR 22240 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Information and communication technology (ICT) are playing an important role in the criminal justice chain, but very little is known about public prosecutor's offices, while there is a strong need to exchange information among practitioners, decision makers, and scholars in order to share experiences, knowledge, and facilitate the adoption of common ICT solutions and practices in a cost-effective way. This Research Project stresses the need to pursue judicial cooperation in the area of criminal law, and it contributes to fostering mutual knowledge of European legal and judicial systems as well as best practices and technological solutions. The Project is not limited to legal literature, but it has an inter-disciplinary approach, and it focuses on practical experiences and policies implemented. The project will lead to a conference to disseminate the information collected, to pass on knowledge of immediate use in carrying on professional activities, as well as to increase the number of practitioners, academics, and policy makers who will take advantage of and profit from the research. The research entails six in-depth case studies. Four of them will be carried on by the organizations' partners in this research: England and Wales, Finland, Italy, the Netherlands, two others are in the process to be identified. After a description of the governance system of public prosecution in the countries considered in this study, since ICT application are not developed in a vacuum, the research will describe, study, and compare through an in-depth analysis: (1) the use of ICT in case investigations, (2) the use of ICT for case management, (3) the ICT interoperability between public prosecutor's offices, courts, police and prisons, and (4) the use of ICT for sharing prosecutorial information between countries. The research will allow to: (a) detect the valuable and successful implementations of ICT in criminal investigations (e.g. decision support systems, access to data bases, multimedia applications), (b) disseminate technical information about these applications, (c) explore the feasibility for cross-border exchange of data such as criminal history records and illegal immigration records, (d) develop a network of scholars and practitioners about ICT for public prosecutor's offices. This report structure, should serve as a guide to the researchers working on the various countries. It is divided into three main sections. Section 1 will deal with the institutional setting of public prosecutor. Section 2 will deal with ICT history, governance and infrastructures. Section 3 will deal with technologies for investigation and prosecution of crimes. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR22240.v1 access to information icpsr communications systems icpsr courts icpsr criminal investigations icpsr criminal justice system icpsr information dissemination icpsr information policy icpsr information systems icpsr information technology icpsr information transfer icpsr legal systems icpsr prosecuting attorneys icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Iannacci, Federico Cordella, Antonio Kallinikos, Jannis Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 22240 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR22240.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01232 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2001 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01232 MiAaI MiAaI Information Content of Treasury Inflation-Indexed Securities [electronic resource] William R. Emmons 2001-04-02 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2001 ICPSR 1232 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. United States Treasury Inflation-Indexed Securities (TIIS) were first issued in January 1997. They are now a small but growing fraction of outstanding Treasury debt. This article describes TIIS and explores what these securities can and cannot tell us about financial market expectations of inflation and real interest rates. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01232.v1 government securities icpsr inflation icpsr interest rates icpsr securities icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Emmons, William R. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1232 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01232.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR28662 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2011 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR28662 MiAaI MiAaI Interest Group Activism on the Web [electronic resource] The Case of Environmental Organizations Melissa K. Merry 2011-01-27 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2011 ICPSR 28662 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. This study evaluates interest group activity on the Internet, addressing two sets of questions. First, has the Internet allowed small or poorly-funded groups to compete equally with well-resourced organizations? Second, to what extent do group characteristics explain their online activities? Using a sample of 200 environmental groups, this study evaluates which Web sites receive the most exposure and identifies features facilitating information dissemination and public participation. The results indicate that well-resourced groups receive greater Web site traffic and inbound links and are more likely to use all Web site features. Additionally, membership organizations are more likely than non-membership organizations to fund-raise and issue action alerts. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR28662.v1 Internet icpsr organizations icpsr public interest groups icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive ICPSR XV. Organizational Behavior Merry, Melissa K. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 28662 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR28662.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR34387 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2012 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR34387 MiAaI MiAaI Intergovernmental Organizations, Socialization, and Member-State Interest Convergence [electronic resource] David Bearce 2012-10-18 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2012 ICPSR 34387 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. This article explores the constructivists' institutional socialization hypothesis, positing that intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) make member-state interests more similar over time, thus promoting interest convergence. We first show how this hypothesis can be tested systematically using relatively new data on dyadic interest similarity and joint structured IGO membership, and then we conduct a series of empirical tests. Our results show strong statistical support for the institutional socialization hypothesis, using both global and more restricted regional samples. We also demonstrate how our results are consistent with a longer-term socialization process and cannot be explained by the short-term effect of institutional information. Finally, we show some limits to the institutional socialization hypothesis. Unstructured IGOs reveal no effect in promoting member-state interest convergence. Following recent theory arguing that great powers in the international system often use IGOs for coercive means, we find that institutional socialization gets weaker as the power imbalance within the dyad grows. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR34387.v1 intergovernmental organizations icpsr socialization icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Bearce, David Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 34387 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR34387.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01228 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2001 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01228 MiAaI MiAaI International Bond Markets and the Intro of the Euro [electronic resource] Clemens J.M. Kool 2001-04-02 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2001 ICPSR 1228 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. In this article, the author analyzes the future prospects of the euro as an international currency from a portfolio perspective. Using daily bond and exchange-rate data during the period 1996-1998, the author constructs an optimal benchmark portfolio for representative investors from the United States, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the three major European countries participating in the euro: France, Germany, and Italy. Subsequently, the author distinguishes three plausible (euro) exchange-rate scenarios and three plausible (European) bond market scenarios as a result of the introduction of the euro. Then, the portfolio optimization is implemented again under the nine scenarios. Generally, the outcomes suggest that an increase in net demand for euro assets is unlikely, due to the inherent reduction of attractive diversification possibilities. For a given eurobond supply, this in turn implies a depreciation of the euro. Potential entry of the United Kingdom into the euro area is not seen to change the results. However, increasing depth and liquidity of European bond markets, together with lower transaction costs, may reverse the conclusions. Finally, the author shows that both actual supply and demand developments in international bond markets in 1999 are consistent with the observed depreciation of the euro relative to the United States dollar. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01228.v1 currencies icpsr euro icpsr exchange rates icpsr international monetary system icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive IDRC II. Economic Data Kool, Clemens J.M. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1228 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01228.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01116 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01116 MiAaI MiAaI International Cycles [electronic resource] Stephen G. Cecchetti , Anil K. Kashyap 1996-06-10 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1116 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Twenty years of monthly production data for 11 manufacturing industries in 19 countries are studied. Using the fact that in some countries production virtually shuts down for one summer month, together with the differences in the timing of aggregate cyclical fluctuations, information is provided on the cost structure of different industries. A number of previously documented patterns can be confirmed. In particular, a tremendous amount of volatility in production is accounted for by seasonal shifts, but the seasonal shifts are not very highly correlated across countries. There are also considerable differences in the timing and magnitude of business cycles across countries. Lastly, the country-level differences in seasonality are larger that the industry-level patterns in seasonality. In addition to these basic observations, a number of new results describing how seasonal production patterns vary over the course of the business cycle are provided. With the exception of textiles, and to a lesser extent transportation equipment and chemicals, the seasonal cycle in production is significantly less volatile during a business cycle boom than it is during a business cycle contraction. For one-third of the 19 countries in our sample, there are significant cyclical/seasonal interactions common to all industries within the country. In relative terms, the estimated interactions that are common to countries are larger than the interactions that are common to industries. This is in line with the finding that the overall variation in production differs more across countries that it does across industries. Finally, the reallocation of production from high output months to low output months that typically occurs in moving from a business cycle through to peak is sometimes quite large. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01116.v1 business cycles icpsr manufacturing industry icpsr production costs icpsr production levels icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Cecchetti, Stephen G. Kashyap, Anil K. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1116 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01116.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01186 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1998 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01186 MiAaI MiAaI Interplay of Macropartisanship and Macroideology [electronic resource] A Time-Series Analysis Janet M. Box-Steffensmeier , Kathleen Knight , Lee Sigelman 1998-10-06 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1998 ICPSR 1186 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Considerable research focuses on explaining trends in party identification in the American public. Somewhat less attention has been devoted to trends in ideological identification, although such research has been on the increase. However, the potential relationship between macropartisanship and macroideology remains largely unexamined. The investigators use alternative methodologies to test whether shifts in macropartisanship have occurred independently of, along with, before, or after shifts in macroideology. Also examined are the time-series properties of the two series, which provide insight into their persistence and memory. The framework provides a flexible approach to studying short- and long-run behavior, and the evidence is consistently at variance with the idea that there is a relationship between macroideolgy and macropartisanship. Thus, shifts in party identification and ideology are not driven in response to a set of common factors, nor can shifts in one partisan direction or the other be interpreted as ideological mandates at the aggregate level. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01186.v1 ideologies icpsr party membership icpsr political affiliation icpsr political ideology icpsr political partisanship icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Box-Steffensmeier, Janet M. Knight, Kathleen Sigelman, Lee Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1186 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01186.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR32141 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2011 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR32141 MiAaI MiAaI Interstate Hazardous Waste Shipments and Disposal Taxes [electronic resource] Arik Levinson 2011-09-30 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2011 ICPSR 32141 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. This paper links the theoretical and empirical literatures on inter- jurisdictional tax and regulatory competition, focusing on the case of state hazardous waste disposal taxes. It begins by demonstrating that local environmental taxes can be inefficient, and that the inefficiency depends on the tax elasticity of polluters' responses. The paper then uses panel data from the Toxics Release Inventory to estimate the magnitude of the tax elasticities, and to demonstrate the empirical relevance of the theoretical inefficiency of local taxes. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR32141.v1 hazardous waste disposal icpsr hazardous wastes icpsr tax legislation icpsr tax policy icpsr taxes icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Levinson, Arik Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 32141 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR32141.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01273 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2003 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01273 MiAaI MiAaI Investment-Specific Technology Growth [electronic resource] Concepts and Recent Estimates Michael R. Pakko 2003-04-18 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2003 ICPSR 1273 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The strength of United States productivity growth in recent years has been attributed to technological improvements that are, in some sense, embodied in new types of capital equipment. However, traditional growth theory and growth accounting techniques -- which emphasize the role of disembodied, neutral technological progress -- are deficient in explaining this phenomenon. In this article, the author outlines a model of investment-specific technological change that has become popular for describing the notion of capital-embodied growth and summarizes some recent estimates of the importance of this type of technological progress for assessing United States productivity trends. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01273.v1 economic growth icpsr economic indicators icpsr investments icpsr productivity icpsr technological change icpsr technology icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Pakko, Michael R. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1273 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01273.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01068 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01068 MiAaI MiAaI Is the Banking Industry in Decline? [electronic resource] David C. Wheelock 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1068 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01068.v1 banking icpsr banks icpsr financial institutions icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Wheelock, David C. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1068 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01068.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01206 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1999 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01206 MiAaI MiAaI Is Clarity of Responsibility Important for Economic Voting? Revisiting Powell and Whitten's Hypothesis [electronic resource] Terry J. Royed , Stephen A. Borrelli , Keven M. Leyden 2000-08-28 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1999 ICPSR 1206 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The objective was to retest Powell and Whitten's 1993 hypothesis that the relationship between aggregate economic indicators and aggregate election outcomes is stronger in political contexts when there is greater clarity of responsibility. The data include alternative indicators of the variables discussed by Powell and Whitten, and more recent election results that were not contained in the original dataset. The purpose of this article was to evaluate the robustness of Powell and Whitten's initial findings. The data allow for a near-replication of their work, as well as a retesting of their basic model using different specifications, economic indicators, and vote variables. The impact of aggregate economic indicators on vote percentages for governing parties and the impact of political context (e.g., one-party vs. multi-party government) on government accountability for economic performance are examined. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01206.v1 economic indicators icpsr elections icpsr voting behavior icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Royed, Terry J. Borrelli, Stephen A. Leyden, Keven M. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1206 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01206.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01078 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01078 MiAaI MiAaI Is an Infrastructure Crisis Lowering the Nation's Productivity? [electronic resource] John A. Tatom 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1078 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01078.v1 national economy icpsr productivity icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Tatom, John A. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1078 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01078.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01096 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01096 MiAaI MiAaI Job Creation and Destruction [electronic resource] The Dominance of Manufacturing Joseph A. Ritter 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1096 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01096.v1 employment icpsr manufacturing industry icpsr occupations icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Ritter, Joseph A. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1096 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01096.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR26181 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2009 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR26181 MiAaI MiAaI Journal Ranking for the Ambitious Economist [electronic resource] Kristie M. Engemann , Howard J. Wall 2009-11-19 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2009 ICPSR 26181 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The authors devise an "ambition-adjusted" journal ranking based on citations from a short list of top general-interest journals in economics. Underlying this ranking is the notion that an ambitious economist wishes to be acknowledged not only in the highest reaches of the profession, but also outside his or her subfield. In addition to the conceptual advantages that they find in their ambition adjustment, they see two main practical advantages: greater transparency and a consistent treatment of subfields. They compare their 2008 ranking based on citations from 2001 to 2007 with a ranking for 2002 based on citations from 1995 to 2001. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR26181.v1 ambition icpsr college faculty icpsr economics icpsr motivation icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Engemann, Kristie M. Wall, Howard J. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 26181 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR26181.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01047 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01047 MiAaI MiAaI JudgeIT [electronic resource] A Program for Evaluating Electoral Systems and Redistricting Plans Andrew Gelman , Gary King 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1047 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01047.v1 congressional districts icpsr electoral systems icpsr redistricting icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Gelman, Andrew King, Gary Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1047 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01047.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR34388 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2013 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR34388 MiAaI MiAaI Land Reform in Mexico 1910-1976 [electronic resource] Susan Walsh Sanderson 2013-04-08 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2013 ICPSR 34388 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. This dataset on land reform in Mexico, was originally coded from the Diario Oficial by the Ministry of Land Reform (Secretaria de la Reforma Agraria), the ministry responsible for administering Mexico's land reform. Susan Walsh Sanderson acquired the data from the Ministry in 1976 and completed a dissertation (Sanderson, 1980) and book (Sanderson, 1984) summarizing the main findings. The background to this dataset is described in chapter 1 of Sanderson (1984). While a detailed description and analysis of the information can be found in the 1984 book, a codebook has been created that highlights the main features of the dataset. To familiarize the user with the variables in the dataset, the document also explains how to replicate some of the tables and figures in the original work. A program to perform this replication is also provided. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR34388.v1 agrarian reform icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Sanderson, Susan Walsh Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 34388 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR34388.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01027 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01027 MiAaI MiAaI Learning Curve and Optimal Production Under Uncertainty-- Computer Program [electronic resource] Robert S. Pindyck , Saman Majd 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1027 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01027.v1 computer programs icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Pindyck, Robert S. Majd, Saman Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1027 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01027.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01227 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2000 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01227 MiAaI MiAaI Legislative Professionalism and Incumbent Reelection [electronic resource] The Development of Institutional Boundaries William D. Berry , Michael B. Berkman , Stuart B. Schneiderman 2000-12-08 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2000 ICPSR 1227 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. It is well established that legislators from highly professionalized bodies are more likely to win reelection than members of less professionalized legislatures. The authors of this article find that the effect of professionalization on incumbent electoral success is far more pervasive. As the level of professionalism of a legislature increases, members' relationships with the legislature's environment change: the effects of external political and economic forces (such as coattails from higher-level elections and national economic conditions) on a legislator's chances for reelection diminish in strength. This implies that legislative professionalization promotes institutionalization by establishing boundaries that insulate members from external shocks. The authors reach these conclusions by specifying and testing a district-level model of state legislative election outcomes having the probability that an incumbent will win reelection as a dependent variable. The model is estimated with probit using data for over 42,000 state legislators from 1970 to 1989. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01227.v1 legislators icpsr reelection icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Berry, William D. Berkman, Michael B. Schneiderman, Stuart B. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1227 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01227.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR27807 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2010 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR27807 MiAaI MiAaI Legislative Support, Pork, and Coalitions in Brazil, January 1997-December 2005 [electronic resource] Eric D. Raile , Carlos Pereira , Timothy J. Power 2010-09-27 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2010 ICPSR 27807 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. This study examined how presidents in multiparty regimes win legislative support by considering dynamism, particular bargaining contexts, and combining separate lines of research on distributive politics and coalition formation. The results of three-stage least squares regression support the assertion that pork (benefits bestowed for legislative support) and coalition goods function as imperfect substitutes, with coalition goods establishing a baseline for exchange, and pork covering the ongoing costs of operation. The empirical tests also show that pork expenditures depend on a president's bargaining leverage and the distribution of legislative seats. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR27807.v1 political influence icpsr politics icpsr economic indicators icpsr government expenditures icpsr legislative impact icpsr political expenditures icpsr ICPSR IV.C. Economic Behavior and Attitudes, Historical and Contemporary Economic Processes and Indicators ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive ICPSR XIV.D. Mass Political Behavior and Attitudes, Political Parties Raile, Eric D. Pereira, Carlos Power, Timothy J. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 27807 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR27807.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR34521 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2013 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR34521 MiAaI MiAaI Little Emperors [electronic resource] Behavioral Impacts of China's One-Child Policy Lisa Cameron , Nisvan Erkal , Lata Gangadharan , Xin Meng 2013-01-18 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2013 ICPSR 34521 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. This study explores the behavioral impact of the One Child Policy in China. Using experimental data it examines whether the One Child Policy affected altruism, trust, trust-worthiness, risk-taking, and competitiveness in individuals. Survey data on personality traits and demographics of the sample are included. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR34521.v1 emotional states icpsr human behavior icpsr personality icpsr population policy icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Cameron, Lisa Erkal, Nisvan Gangadharan, Lata Meng, Xin Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 34521 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR34521.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01278 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2003 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01278 MiAaI MiAaI A Look Inside Two Central Banks [electronic resource] The European System of Central Banks and the Federal Reserve System Patricia S. Pollard 2003-06-05 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2003 ICPSR 1278 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. In 1998 the European Central Bank (ECB) became the world's 173rd central bank. The Eurosystem, with its structure of national central banks and the ECB, is similar to the Federal Reserve System, with its District Banks and Board of Governors. However, important differences exist in the way the two systems operate. This article compares the organization and tasks of the two central banks by examining differences in their monetary policy frameworks, specifically focusing on the goals, tools, and policymaking process. In addition it examines the independence, accountability, and transparency of these central banks. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01278.v1 monetary policy icpsr policy making icpsr central banks icpsr European Central Bank icpsr Eurosystem icpsr Federal Reserve System icpsr IDRC II. Economic Data ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Pollard, Patricia S. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1278 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01278.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01344 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2007 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01344 MiAaI MiAaI The Lower and Upper Bounds of the Federal Open Market Committee's Long-Run Inflation Objective [electronic resource] Daniel L. Thornton 2007-05-16 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2007 ICPSR 1344 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. It is widely acknowledged that the Fed can control the average inflation rate over a period of time reasonably well. Because of this and the Federal Open Market Committee's (FOMC's) long-standing commitment to price stability, the author argues that the FOMC has an implicit long-run inflation objective (LIO) lower and upper bounds to the long-run inflation rate. He shows that the statements made by the FOMC in 2003 clarified the lower bound of its LIO and that the average of long-run inflation expectations responded by rising about 80 basis points. Moreover, consistent with reducing the market's uncertainty about the FOMC's LIO, long-run inflation expectations became more stable. The FOMC has recently been more specific about the upper bound of its LIO as well. The FOMC could eliminate the remaining uncertainty by establishing an explicit, numerical inflation objective. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01344.v1 inflation rates icpsr price fluctuations icpsr price trends icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Thornton, Daniel L. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1344 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01344.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01330 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2006 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01330 MiAaI MiAaI Macroeconomic News and Real Interest Rates [electronic resource] Kevin L. Kliesen , Frank A. Schmid 2006-10-02 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2006 ICPSR 1330 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Economic news affects the perceptions of investors, forecasters, and policymakers about the strength or weakness of the economy. These expectations are updated on the basis of regularly occurring surprises in macroeconomic announcement data. The response of asset prices to positive or negative announcement surprises has been a regular feature of the literature for more than 20 years. In this vein, the authors evaluate the responses of the yield of 10-year Treasury inflation-indexed securities to nearly three dozen macroeconomic announcements. They find that the real long-term rate of interest responds positively to surprises in a handful of key macroeconomic indicators, including labor productivity growth. Also, the authors find no support for the proposition that the Federal Reserve has information about its actions or the state of the real economy that is not in the public domain and, hence, not already priced in the real long-term interest rate. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01330.v1 economic forecasting icpsr economic growth icpsr interest rates icpsr macroeconomics icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Kliesen, Kevin L. Schmid, Frank A. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1330 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01330.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01255 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2002 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01255 MiAaI MiAaI Making the Most of Statistical Analyses [electronic resource] Improving Interpretation and Presentation Gary King , Michael Tomz , Jason Wittenberg 2002-06-27 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2002 ICPSR 1255 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Social scientists rarely take full advantage of the information available in their statistical results. As a consequence, they miss opportunities to present quantities that are of greatest substantive interest for their research, and to express their degree of certainty about these quantities. In this article, the authors offer an approach, built on the technique of statistical simulation, to extract the currently overlooked information from any statistical method, no matter how complicated, and to interpret and present it in a reader-friendly manner. Using this technique requires some sophistication, but its application should make the results of quantitative articles more informative and transparent to all. To illustrate their recommendations, the authors replicate the results of several published works, showing in each case how the authors' own conclusions could be expressed more sharply and informatively, and how this approach reveals important new information about the research questions at hand. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01255.v1 research icpsr statistical data icpsr statistics icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive King, Gary Tomz, Michael Wittenberg, Jason Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1255 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01255.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01014 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01014 MiAaI MiAaI Market Volatility [electronic resource] Robert J. Shiller 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1014 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01014.v1 markets icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Shiller, Robert J. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1014 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01014.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01201 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1999 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01201 MiAaI MiAaI Mass Public Decisions About Going to War [electronic resource] Richard K. Herrmann , Philip E. Tetlock 1999-06-23 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1999 ICPSR 1201 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. This research is an exploration of how dispositional and situational factors (alone and in combination) influence support among the mass public for the use of United States military force in foreign conflicts . Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01201.v1 military intervention icpsr war icpsr attitudes icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Herrmann, Richard K. Tetlock, Philip E. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1201 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01201.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR29602 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2010 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR29602 MiAaI MiAaI The Measurement of Cross-cutting Cleavages and Other Multidimensional Cleavage Structures [electronic resource] Joel Selway 2010-11-01 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2010 ICPSR 29602 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The data are fully described in "The Measurement of Cross-cutting Cleavages and Other Multidimensional Cleavage Structures", forthcoming in Political Analysis and its supplementary appendix. There are 128 countries in the dataset. The Cross-national Indices of Multidimensional Measures of Social Structure (CIMMSS) contains 69 new indices for the following dimensions: Race, Ethnicity, Language, Religion, Income, Geography. There are six different characteristics contained in the dataset: (1) Cross-cutting Cleavages (Cross-cuttingness) definition: The degree groups on a first cleavage are identically distributed amongst groups on a second cleavage. For example, South Africa has a low level of racial-income cross-cuttingness, since Whites have much higher average incomes than Blacks. (2) Sub-group Fractionalization definition: The probability that two randomly chosen individuals in a society belong to the same sub-group (the intersection of two or more group identities/memberships on two or more cleavages). For example, Iraq has three main sub-groups: Arab Sunnis, Arab Sh'ias, and Kurdish Sunnis. (3) Sub-group (Bi)polarization definition: The degree that a country is divided into two equally-sized sub-groups. For example, Northern Ireland has two fairly evenly-sized sub-groups: Irish Catholics and English Protestants. (4) Cross-fractionalization definition: The degree that members of a group on one cleavage are divided into groups on a second cleavage and share membership on the second cleavage with members of other groups on the first cleavage. For example, White Australians are highly fractionalized among religions and share religious membership with other racial groups. (5) Fractionalization definition: The probability that two randomly chosen individuals in a society belong to the same group. For example, individuals in many Latin American countries tend to mostly belong to the same religious group, Catholicism (low fractionalization). (6) (Bi)polarization definition: The degree that a country is divided into two equally-sized sub-groups. For example, Belgium has two fairly equal sized linguistic groups: Walloons (French) and Flemish (Dutch). Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR29602.v1 cultural diversity icpsr income icpsr language icpsr policy analysis icpsr political science icpsr race icpsr region icpsr religion icpsr social structure icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Selway, Joel Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 29602 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR29602.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01083 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01083 MiAaI MiAaI Measures of Money and the Quantity Theory [electronic resource] James B. Bullard 1996-06-10 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1083 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01083.v1 ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Bullard, James B. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1083 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01083.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01169 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1998 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01169 MiAaI MiAaI Measuring the Adjusted Monetary Base in an Era of Financial Change [electronic resource] Richard G. Anderson , Robert H. Rasche 1998-10-06 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1998 ICPSR 1169 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. This research presents a revised measure of the monetary base and a new reserve adjustment magnitude (RAM). Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01169.v1 ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Anderson, Richard G. Rasche, Robert H. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1169 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01169.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR21301 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2007 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR21301 MiAaI MiAaI Measuring Commercial Bank Profitability [electronic resource] Proceed With Caution R. Alton Gilbert , David C. Wheelock 2007-11-08 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2007 ICPSR 21301 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The federal tax code creates challenges for comparing the profit rates of different banks on a consistent basis. The earnings of banks that elect to operate under subchapter S of the federal tax code are not subject to federal corporate income tax, but shareholders of these "S-banks" are taxed on their pro rata share of the entire earnings of the bank. The number of banks electing subchapter S tax treatment has increased rapidly, especially among small banks. The authors use estimates of the federal corporate income tax that S-banks would pay if they were subject to the tax to show that the difference in the tax treatment of S-banks and other banks has a large impact on measures of United States banking system profitability. Further, the article shows that adjustment of S-bank earnings by estimates of federal income taxes to make them comparable with the earnings of other banks can markedly affect conclusions of studies that use net income as a measure of performance. Finally, the article shows that S-banks (even after their earnings are reduced by estimated federal taxes) tend to out-earn their peers. S-banks also tend to have higher earnings rates than their peers in the year before they elect S-bank status. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR21301.v1 banks icpsr tax rates icpsr shareholders icpsr banking icpsr financial policy icpsr income tax icpsr income icpsr profits icpsr tax legislation icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Gilbert, R. Alton Wheelock, David C. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 21301 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR21301.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01080 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01080 MiAaI MiAaI Measuring Labor Market Dynamics [electronic resource] Gross Flows of Workers and Jobs Joseph A. Ritter 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1080 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01080.v1 jobs icpsr labor markets icpsr workers icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Ritter, Joseph A. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1080 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01080.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01212 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2000 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01212 MiAaI MiAaI Measuring Monetary Policy Inertia in Target Fed Funds Rate Changes [electronic resource] Michael Dueker 2000-05-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2000 ICPSR 1212 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Recent research has grappled with an apparent paradox: Why would a central bank that is focused primarily on inflation control exhibit signs of inertia when making policy adjustments? In this article, the author argues that fully characterizing the policy inertia is a precondition toward resolving the apparent paradox. This research presents empirical estimates of adjustments to the target fed funds rate that take into account two facets of policy inertia: a partial-adjustment mechanism and thresholds for making discrete changes to the target fed funds rate. With a more complete picture of the policy inertia, subsequent research can investigate whether policy appears to display either too much or the right amount of inertia. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01212.v1 central banks icpsr monetary policy icpsr policy making icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Dueker, Michael Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1212 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01212.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01181 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1998 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01181 MiAaI MiAaI Measuring Real Investment [electronic resource] Trends in the United States and International Comparisons Milka S. Kirova , Robert E. Lipsey 1998-10-06 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1998 ICPSR 1181 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. This research points out the importance of price trends and differences in price levels for real investment rates and also the consequences of accepting conventional measures of capital formation, the boundaries of which have more to do with the wide availability of data than with what economists define as "investment" or "capital formation." Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01181.v1 investments icpsr price trends icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Kirova, Milka S. Lipsey, Robert E. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1181 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01181.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01246 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2001 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01246 MiAaI MiAaI Mechanics of a Successful Exchange-Rate Peg [electronic resource] Lessons for Emerging Markets Michael J. Dueker , Andreas Fischer 2001-10-31 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2001 ICPSR 1246 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. To the surprise of many market watchers, Thailand's exchange rate peg to the dollar collapsed in July 1997, leading to similar rounds of currency devaluations in other East Asian countries. This study seeks to determine whether there were identifiable contrasts in implementation between Thailand's peg and a perennially successful peg -- Austria's peg to the Deutsche mark -- that would have hinted at problems for Thailand prior to July 1997. The comparison suggests that Thailand was not sufficiently vigilant about keeping its inflation rate low in the early 1990s. By 1995, Thailand faced a situation in which a tight monetary policy involving high domestic interest rates would not always have created disinflationary pressure, as high interest rates also tended to attract greater capital inflow to Thailand. In this environment, Thailand's monetary policy became erratic and failed to maintain the exchange rate peg. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01246.v1 currency devaluation icpsr exchange rates icpsr inflation icpsr interest rates icpsr markets icpsr monetary policy icpsr IDRC II. Economic Data ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Dueker, Michael J. Fischer, Andreas Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1246 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01246.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01058 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01058 MiAaI MiAaI Medical Malpractice [electronic resource] An Empirical Examination of the Litigation Process Henry S. Farber , Michelle J. White 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1058 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01058.v1 lawsuits icpsr medical malpractice icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Farber, Henry S. White, Michelle J. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1058 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01058.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01257 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2003 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01257 MiAaI MiAaI Media Content Coding Analysis, 1980 Presidential Campaign, Los Angeles Times [electronic resource] R. Michael Alvarez 2003-01-23 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2003 ICPSR 1257 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. This dataset contains a content analysis of stories covering the 1980 presidential election campaign in the Los Angeles Times. The data are referenced in Chapter 9 of INFORMATION AND ELECTIONS, R. Michael Alvarez, University of Michigan Press, 1997. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01257.v1 elections icpsr media coverage icpsr newspapers icpsr political campaigns icpsr presidential campaigns icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Alvarez, R. Michael Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1257 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01257.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01237 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2001 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01237 MiAaI MiAaI Membership Structure and Occupational Credit Union Deposit Rates [electronic resource] William R. Emmons , Frank Schmid 2001-06-12 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2001 ICPSR 1237 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. How do occupational credit unions set deposit rates? This article shows that the answer to this question depends on who actually makes business decisions in credit unions (who is in control), and whether local deposit market competition is important. It is not obvious who controls occupational credit unions. If the sponsor (the employer) is in control, then loans and deposits are priced to maximize the surplus received by all of the credit union's current and potential members (those eligible to join). If members are in control, then a group of members with a majority can maximize its own surplus. The group in control may include members whose primary purpose for joining the credit union is to borrow money or, alternatively, to lend money (make deposits). If local deposit-market competition is the dominant influence, then internal characteristics of the credit union won't matter at all. This study tests the sponsor-control, the member-control, and the market-control hypotheses against each other using a large sample of occupational credit unions observed in 1997. The results suggest that sponsors exercise effective control over occupational credit unions. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01237.v1 credit unions icpsr financial management icpsr loans icpsr organizational structure icpsr policy icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Emmons, William R. Schmid, Frank Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1237 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01237.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01029 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01029 MiAaI MiAaI Mean Reversion in Stock Prices [electronic resource] James Poterba , Larry Summers 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1029 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01029.v1 stock prices icpsr stocks icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Poterba, James Summers, Larry Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1029 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01029.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01010 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01010 MiAaI MiAaI Meteor Showers or Heat Waves? [electronic resource] Robert F. Engle , Takato Ito , Wen-Ling Lin 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1010 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01010.v1 ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Engle, Robert F. Ito, Takato Lin, Wen-Ling Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1010 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01010.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR21580 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2008 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR21580 MiAaI MiAaI The Microfinance Revolution [electronic resource] An Overview Rajdeep Sengupta , Craig P. Aubuchon 2008-01-10 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2008 ICPSR 21580 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The Nobel Prize committee awarded the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize to Muhammad Yunus and the Grameen Bank "for their efforts to create economic and social development from below." The microfinance revolution has come a long way since Yunus first provided financing to the poor in Bangladesh. The committee has recognized microfinance as "an important liberating force" and an "ever more important instrument in the struggle against poverty." Although several authors have provided comprehensive surveys of microfinance, our aim is somewhat more modest: This article is intended as a non-technical overview on the growth and development of microcredit and microfinance. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR21580.v1 finance icpsr financial institutions icpsr financial planning icpsr international markets icpsr banking icpsr economic behavior icpsr economic change icpsr economic conditions icpsr economic recovery icpsr education icpsr financial policy icpsr loans icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Sengupta, Rajdeep Aubuchon, Craig P. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 21580 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR21580.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01346 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2007 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01346 MiAaI MiAaI Milton Friedman and U.S. Monetary History [electronic resource] 1961-2006 Edward Nelson 2007-05-16 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2007 ICPSR 1346 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. This paper, using extensive archival material from several countries, brings together scattered information about Milton Friedman's views and predictions regarding United States monetary policy developments after 1960 (i.e., the period beyond that covered by his and Anna Schwartz's Monetary History of the United States). The author evaluates these interpretations and predictions in light of subsequent events. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01346.v1 monetary policy icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Nelson, Edward Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1346 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01346.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01074 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01074 MiAaI MiAaI Monetary Aggregates, Monetary Policy and Economic Activity [electronic resource] Robert H. Rasche , J. Rotemberg 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1074 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01074.v1 economic activity icpsr monetary policy icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Rasche, Robert H. Rotemberg, J. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1074 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01074.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01301 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2004 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01301 MiAaI MiAaI Monetary Policy Actions, Macroeconomic Data Releases, and Inflation Expectations [electronic resource] Kevin L. Kliesen , Frank A. Schmid 2004-08-12 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2004 ICPSR 1301 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. This article analyzes how announced surprises in monetary policy actions and macroeconomic data releases affect the average rate of inflation that economic agents expect to prevail over the 10-year period following the surprise. The analysis also addresses the effect of Federal Reserve communication and surprises in monetary policy actions on perceived inflation risk over this 10-year period. The study shows that surprises in macroeconomic data releases and monetary policy actions indeed affect the expected rate of inflation. Further, there is evidence that surprises in monetary policy actions increase perceived inflation risk, whereas Federal Reserve communication reduces it. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01301.v1 inflation icpsr inflation rates icpsr monetary policy icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Kliesen, Kevin L. Schmid, Frank A. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1301 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01301.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01308 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2005 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01308 MiAaI MiAaI Monetary Policy and Asset Prices [electronic resource] A Look at Past U.S. Stock Market Booms Michael D. Bordo , David C. Wheelock 2005-03-15 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2005 ICPSR 1308 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. This article examines the economic environments in which past U.S. stock market booms occurred as a first step toward understanding how asset price booms come about and whether monetary policy should be used to defuse booms. The authors identify several episodes of sustained rapid rises in equity prices in the 19th and 20th centuries, and then assess the growth of real output, productivity, the price level, and money and credit stocks during each episode. Two booms stand out in terms of their length and rate of increase in market prices -- the booms of 1923-1929 and 1994-2000. In general, the authors find that booms occurred in periods of rapid real growth and productivity advancement, suggesting that booms are driven at least partly by fundamentals. They find no consistent relationship between inflation and stock market booms, though booms have typically occurred when money and credit growth were above average. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01308.v1 stock market conditions icpsr stock markets icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Bordo, Michael D. Wheelock, David C. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1308 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01308.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01315 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2005 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01315 MiAaI MiAaI Monetary Policy and Commodity Futures [electronic resource] Michelle T. Armesto , William T. Gavin 2005-11-28 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2005 ICPSR 1315 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. This paper constructs daily measures of the real interest rate and expected inflation using commodity futures prices and the term structure of Treasury yields. We find that commodity futures markets respond to surprise increases in the federal funds rate target by raising the inflation rate expected over the next three to nine months. There is no evidence that the real interest rate responds to surprises in the federal funds target. The data from the commodity futures markets are highly volatile. We show that one can substantially reduce the noise using limited information estimators such as the median change. Nevertheless, the basket of commodities actually traded daily is quite narrow and we do not know whether our observable rates are closely connected to the unobservable inflation and real rates that affect economy-wide consumption and investment decisions. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01315.v1 inflation icpsr interest rates icpsr monetary policy icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Armesto, Michelle T. Gavin, William T. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1315 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01315.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01161 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1998 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01161 MiAaI MiAaI Monetary Policy and Financial Market Expectations [electronic resource] What Did They Know and When Did They Know It? Michael R. Pakko , David C. Wheelock 1998-08-27 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1998 ICPSR 1161 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The data attempt to demystify the relationship between Federal Reserve monetary policy actions and interest rate behavior. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01161.v1 Federal Reserve System icpsr interest rates icpsr monetary policy icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Pakko, Michael R. Wheelock, David C. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1161 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01161.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01262 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2002 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01262 MiAaI MiAaI Monetary Policy Innovation Paradox in VARs [electronic resource] A Discrete Explanation Michael J. Dueker 2002-08-13 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2002 ICPSR 1262 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Monetary policy shocks derived from VARs often suggest that monetary policymakers regularly react to an unexpected increase that they induced in the federal funds rate with additional increases. This puzzling pattern can be called the "policy innovation paradox" because there is no obvious explanation for such a pattern. This article shows that the policy innovation paradox is most likely the artifact of failing to account for the discreteness of changes that policymakers make to the target federal funds rate. Misspecified VARs that fail to account for discrete target changes imply the policy innovation paradox, whereas a model that uses information from discrete policy changes does not. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01262.v1 monetary policy icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Dueker, Michael J. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1262 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01262.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01035 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01035 MiAaI MiAaI Money Demand in the United States [electronic resource] A Quantitative Review Robert E. Lucas 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1035 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. These data and/or computer programs are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the INVESTIGATOR(S) if further information is desired. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01035.v1 ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Lucas, Robert E. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1035 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01035.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR25061 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2009 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR25061 MiAaI MiAaI More Money [electronic resource] Understanding Recent Changes in the Monetary Base William T. Gavin 2009-03-11 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2009 ICPSR 25061 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The financial crisis that began in the summer of 2007 took a turn for the worse in September 2008. Until then, Federal Reserve actions taken to improve the functioning financial markets did not affect the monetary base. The unusual lending and purchase of private debt was offset by the sale of United States Treasury securities so that the total size of the balance sheet of the Federal Reserve remained relatively unchanged. In September, however, the Federal Reserve stopped selling securities as it made massive purchases of private debt and issued hundreds of billions of dollars in short-term loans. The result was a doubling of the size of the monetary base in the final four months of 2008. This article discusses the details of the programs that the Federal Reserve has initiated since the crisis began, shows which programs have grown as the monetary base grew, and discusses some factors that will determine whether this rapid increase in the monetary base will lead to rapid inflation. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR25061.v1 bank deposits icpsr government securities icpsr inflation icpsr loans icpsr monetary policy icpsr banking icpsr economic conditions icpsr economic growth icpsr economic policy icpsr Federal Open Market Committee icpsr Federal Reserve System icpsr financial planning icpsr financial policy icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Gavin, William T. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 25061 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR25061.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR25063 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2009 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR25063 MiAaI MiAaI Mortgage Innovation, Mortgage Choice, and Housing Decisions [electronic resource] Matthew S. Chambers , Carlos Garriga , Don Schlagenhauf 2009-03-12 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2009 ICPSR 25063 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. This paper examines some of the more recent mortgage products now available to borrowers. The authors describe how these products differ across important characteristics, such as the down payment requirement, repayment structure, and amortization schedule. The paper also presents a model with the potential to analyze the implications for various mortgage contracts for individual households, as well as to address many current housing market issues. The authors use the model to examine the implications of alternative mortgages for homeownership and to show that interest rate-adjustable mortgages and combo loans can help explain the rise-and fall-in homeownership since 1994. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR25063.v1 economic conditions icpsr economic models icpsr foreclosure icpsr home owners icpsr home ownership icpsr interest rates icpsr investments icpsr loans icpsr bank failures icpsr mortgage payments icpsr mortgages icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Chambers, Matthew S. Garriga, Carlos Schlagenhauf, Don Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 25063 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR25063.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01285 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2003 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01285 MiAaI MiAaI NAFTA and the Geography of North American Trade [electronic resource] Howard Wall 2003-06-25 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2003 ICPSR 1285 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Debates over the desirability of a preferential trading area frequently begin with the supposition that it will have two effects on the volume of trade: It will increase trade between members of the trading area and decrease trade between members and nonmembers. This article demonstrates, however, that at the regional level, the effects of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) might be more complex than previously supposed. Specifically, according to gravity model estimates, NAFTA has led to (1) decreased trade between Eastern Canada and the United States and Mexico, (2) increased trade between Central Canada and the United States and Mexico, and (3) increased trade between Western Canada and Mexico but no change in the volume of trade between Western Canada and the United States. The model also indicates that NAFTA has caused a decrease in trade between Canadian regions and both Europe and Asia, while increasing Mexico's trade with Asia. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01285.v1 economic activity icpsr NAFTA icpsr trade agreements icpsr trade relations icpsr IDRC II. Economic Data ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Wall, Howard Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1285 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01285.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01144 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1998 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01144 MiAaI MiAaI Narrow Versus Broad Measures of Money as Intermediate Targets [electronic resource] Some Forecast Results Michael Dueker 1998-08-27 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1998 ICPSR 1144 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. This dataset defines a relationship between the monetary base and the federal funds rate and then estimates the relationship using a time-varying parameter model with Markov variance. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01144.v1 ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Dueker, Michael Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1144 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01144.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01125 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1997 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01125 MiAaI MiAaI National Black Election Study Pilot, 1996 [electronic resource] Ohio State University 2008-04-04 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1997 ICPSR 1125 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Telephone survey of 221 eligible voting African Americans conducted from March to June 1996. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01125.v1 minority voters icpsr African Americans icpsr political affiliation icpsr political attitudes icpsr political interest icpsr political participation icpsr presidential elections icpsr public opinion icpsr voter attitudes icpsr voter preferences icpsr voting behavior icpsr RCMD IX.A. African American ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive RCMD X. Political Participation Ohio State University Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1125 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01125.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01133 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1998 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01133 MiAaI MiAaI Nature of Party Governance, Connecting Conceptualization and Measurement [electronic resource] Mark A. Smith 1998-01-20 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1998 ICPSR 1133 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Research on the policy consequences of partisan turnover in state policymaking institutions in the United States generally has found that parties have, at most, conditional effects. Yet many of these analyses have constructed the partisanship variable as if parties in state government were fully unified. This paper explores the results stemming from various measurement choices, namely measures implying complete unity and those derived from a conceptualization of parties as undisciplined. The analysis demonstrates that a strong relationship between the partisanship of state legislatures and policy outcomes emerges only when the indicators are based upon our substantive knowledge of parties in state government. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01133.v1 partisanship icpsr state government icpsr policy making icpsr political parties icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Smith, Mark A. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1133 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01133.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR34563 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2013 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR34563 MiAaI MiAaI Neighborhood Effects on the Long-Term Well-Being of Low-Income Adults From All Five Sites of the Moving to Opportunity Experiment, 2008-2010 [Public Use Data] [electronic resource] Jens Ludwig , Greg Duncan , Lisa Gennetian , Lawrence R. Katz , Ronald Kessler , Jeffrey R. Kling , Lisa Sanbonmatsu 2013-03-14 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2013 ICPSR 34563 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Nearly 9 million Americans live in extreme-poverty neighborhoods, places that also tend to be racially segregated and dangerous. Yet, the effects on the well-being of residents of moving out of such communities into less distressed areas remain uncertain. Moving to Opportunity (MTO) is a randomized housing experiment administered by the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development that gave low-income families living in high-poverty areas in five cities the chance to move to lower-poverty areas. Families were randomly assigned to one of three groups: 1. The low-poverty voucher (LPV) group (also called the experimental group) received Section 8 rental assistance certificates or vouchers that they could use only in census tracts with 1990 poverty rates below 10 percent. The families received mobility counseling and help in leasing a new unit. One year after relocating, families could use their voucher to move again if they wished, without any special constraints on location. 2. The traditional voucher (TRV) group (also called the Section 8 group) received regular Section 8 certificates or vouchers that they could use anywhere; these families received no special mobility counseling. 3. The control group received no certificates or vouchers through MTO, but continued to be eligible for project-based housing assistance and whatever other social programs and services to which they would otherwise be entitled. Families were tracked from baseline (1994-1998) through the long-term evaluation survey fielding period (2008-2010) with the purpose of determining the effects of "neighborhood" on participating families. These particular files include data from the 3,273 adult interviews completed as part of the MTO long-term evaluation and are comprised of variables analyzed for the article "Neighborhood Effects on the Long-Term Well-Being of Low-Income Adults" that was published in the journal Science on September 21, 2012. Using data from the long-term evaluation, the article reports that moving from a high-poverty to lower-poverty neighborhood leads to long-term (10- to 15-year) improvements in adult physical and mental health and subjective well-being, despite not affecting economic self-sufficiency. Subjective well-being is more strongly affected by changes in neighborhood economic disadvantage than racial segregation, which is important because racial segregation has been declining since 1970, but income segregation has been increasing. The files submitted here contain all outcomes and mediators analyzed for the article as well as a variety of demographic and other baseline measures that were controlled for in the analysis. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR34563.v2 families icpsr neighborhood characteristics icpsr neighborhood conditions icpsr neighborhoods icpsr poverty icpsr psychological wellbeing icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Ludwig, Jens Duncan, Greg Gennetian, Lisa Katz, Lawrence R. Kessler, Ronald Kling, Jeffrey R. Sanbonmatsu, Lisa Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 34563 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR34563.v2 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01140 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1998 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01140 MiAaI MiAaI New Approach to the Study of Ticket-Splitting [electronic resource] Barry C. Burden , David C. Kimball 1998-05-15 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1998 ICPSR 1140 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. This dataset contains presidential and congressional election totals at the state and congressional district level for 1988. Using a new solution to the ecological inference problem developed by Gary King, the investigators used these data to estimate the proportion of voters splitting their ballots in each electoral unit. The variation in ticket-splitting across electoral units was then examined. The investigators found that, contrary to balancing arguments, voters were not intentionally splitting their tickets to produce divided government and moderate policies. In most cases split outcomes were a byproduct of lopsided congressional campaigns that featured well-funded, high-quality candidates versus unknown competitors, and split-ticket voting was largely unintentional. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01140.v1 congressional elections icpsr presidential elections icpsr voting behavior icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Burden, Barry C. Kimball, David C. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1140 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01140.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01244 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2001 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01244 MiAaI MiAaI New Economy--New Policy Rules? [electronic resource] James B. Bullard , Eric Schaling 2001-10-31 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2001 ICPSR 1244 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The United States economy appears to have experienced a pronounced shift toward higher productivity over the last five years or so. To understand the implications of such shifts for the structure of optimal monetary policy rules in simple dynamic economies, the authors begin with a standard economy in which a version of the Taylor rule constitutes the optimal monetary policy for a given inflation target and a given level of productivity. They augment this model with regime switching in productivity and calculate the optimal monetary policy rule in the altered environment. The authors find that, in the altered environment, a rule that incorporates leading indicators about regimes significantly outperforms the Taylor rule. They use this result to comment on the "new economy" events of the 1990s and the "stagflation" events of the 1970s from the perspective of their model. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01244.v1 economic growth icpsr inflation icpsr monetary policy icpsr national economy icpsr productivity icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Bullard, James B. Schaling, Eric Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1244 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01244.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01233 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2001 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01233 MiAaI MiAaI Nominal Facts and the October 1979 Policy Change [electronic resource] William T. Gavin , Finn E. Kydland 2001-04-02 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2001 ICPSR 1233 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Researchers depend on observed regularities in macroeconomic data to guide the development of theory. One problem in developing monetary models of the business cycle is that there seems to be a great deal of instability in nominal data. Using data from 1959:Q1 to 1998:Q4, the authors document changes in the cyclical behavior of nominal data series that appear after 1979:Q3, when the Federal Reserve implemented a policy to end the acceleration of inflation. Such changes in cyclical behavior were not apparent in real variables. The authors conclude that in order to find regularities in nominal datasets, it may be necessary to examine and compare episodes with similar monetary policy regimes. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01233.v1 business cycles icpsr Federal Reserve System icpsr inflation icpsr monetary policy icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Gavin, William T. Kydland, Finn E. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1233 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01233.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01163 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1998 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01163 MiAaI MiAaI Nominal Stylized Facts of United States Business Cycles [electronic resource] Apostolos Serletis , David Krause 1998-08-27 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1998 ICPSR 1163 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The data reexamine the cyclical behavior of money and prices using monthly United States data. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01163.v1 business cycles icpsr prices icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Serletis, Apostolos Krause, David Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1163 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01163.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR25323 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2010 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR25323 MiAaI MiAaI Nonbinding Suggestions and Dispute Rates [electronic resource] Uncertainty, Focal Points, and their Effects on Bargaining Outcomes David Dickinson , Lynn Hunnicutt 2010-09-27 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2010 ICPSR 25323 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. This paper focuses on the effects of nonbinding recommendations on bargaining outcomes. Recommendations are theorized to have two effects: they can create a focal point for final bargaining positions, and they can decrease outcome uncertainty should dispute persist. While the focal point effect may help lower dispute rates, the uncertainty reduction effect is predicted to do the opposite for risk-averse bargainers. Which of these effects dominates is of critical importance in the optimal design of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) procedures, which are becoming increasingly utilized to help resolve disputes in a variety of settings. We theoretically examine the effects of recommendations on the bargaining contract zone. Our theoretical framework, which allows bargainers’ final positions to influence a binding outcome should negotiations fail, provides for a more stringent test of focal points than previously considered. We also present data from controlled laboratory bargaining experiments that are consistent with our model of recommendation effects. Recommendations are empirically shown to influence final bargaining positions and negotiated settlement values. Furthermore, dispute rates are significantly lower when one includes recommendations, even where the recommendation is completely ignored in final-stage arbitration. This highlights a potentially significant role for the use of nonbinding procedures, such as mediation, as a preliminary stage in developing more efficient ADR procedures. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR25323.v1 arbitration icpsr conflict resolution icpsr mediation icpsr negotiation icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Dickinson, David Hunnicutt, Lynn Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 25323 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR25323.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01107 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1996 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01107 MiAaI MiAaI Northern Nigeria Credit and Savings Survey, February 1988 -- February 1989 [electronic resource] Chris Udry , T.N. Srinivasan 1996-01-03 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1996 ICPSR 1107 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The survey was designed to yield a complete picture of the asset and debt position of each 198 sample households. In addition, it sought an account of each household's credit, puoduct, asset sale and asset rental transactions over the previous six weeks (repeated in 9 rounds over the survey year), and a range of demographic and background data. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01107.v1 credit icpsr households icpsr savings icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Udry, Chris Srinivasan, T.N. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1107 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01107.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01253 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2002 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01253 MiAaI MiAaI Not Your Father's Pension Plan [electronic resource] The Rise of 401(k) and Other Defined Contribution Plans Leora Friedberg , Michael T. Owyang 2002-03-08 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2002 ICPSR 1253 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The number of workers with a 401(k) plan grew from 7.1 million in 1983 to 38.9 million by 1993. The rapid diffusion of 401(k) and other portable defined contribution plans and the decline in defined benefit pensions represent a major change in pension structure. Old-style defined benefit pensions were designed to give a fixed income after retirement, but only for workers who stayed in a job for 20 or 30 years\; workers who left early ended up with little or nothing. Resulting changes in portability, access to pension wealth, and riskiness are altering incentives for job tenure and worker mobility, retirement, and saving both before and after retirement. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01253.v1 job tenure icpsr pension contributions icpsr pension plans icpsr pensions icpsr retirement plans icpsr workers icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Friedberg, Leora Owyang, Michael T. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1253 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01253.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR01142 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s1998 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR01142 MiAaI MiAaI Of Time and Consensual Norms in the Supreme Court [electronic resource] Gregory A. Caldeira , Christopher J.W. Zorn 1998-07-28 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1998 ICPSR 1142 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. The authors argue that levels of concurrence and dissent on the United States Supreme Court are functions of "consensual norms." These norms arise from, and are influenced by, the behaviors of the individual justices, including the actions of the Chief Justices. In turn, they cause concurrences and dissents to fluctuate around a common level. If consensual norms are a substantial influence on the behavior of the Court, the long-run extent of concurrence and dissent on the Court will covary substantially, and will do so to varying degrees under different Chief Justices. To test their hypotheses, the authors used cointegration and error-correction analyses of the number of Supreme Court cases with concurring and dissenting opinions, from 1800 to 1991. Because of the dramatic increase in concurrences and dissents during the 1940s, they made use of recently-developed methods for detecting cointegrating relationships in the presence of structural breaks. Consistent with expectations, dissents and concurrences moved together over time. Thus consensual norms appeared to influence substantially both concurrences and dissents on the Court. The effects of such norms vary in the long term under different Chief Justices. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01142.v1 Supreme Court decisions icpsr Supreme Court justices icpsr United States Supreme Court icpsr ICPSR XVIII. ICPSR Publication-Related Archive Caldeira, Gregory A. Zorn, Christopher J.W. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 1142 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01142.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR23220 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130523s2008 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR23220 MiAaI MiAaI Oil and the United States Macroeconomy [electronic resource] An Update and a Simple Forecasting Exercise Kevin L. Kliesen 2008-09-05 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2008 ICPSR 23220 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-23. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. Also available as downloadable files. Some analysts and economists recently warned that the United States economy faces a much higher risk of recession should the price of oil rise to $100 per barrel or more. In February 2008, spot crude oil prices closed above $100 per barrel for the first time ever, and since then they have climbed even higher. Meanwhile, according to some surveys of economists, it is highly probable that a recession began in the United States in late 2007 or early 2008. Although the findings in this paper are consistent with the view that the United States economy has become much less sensitive to large changes in oil prices, a simple forecasting exercise using Hamilton's model augmented with the first principal component of 85 macroeconomic variables reveals that a permanent increase in the price of crude oil to $150 per bar