nmm 22 4500 ICPSR05516 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130521s1984 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR05516 MiAaI MiAaI African Participation in the United Nations, 1961-1965 [electronic resource] Robert E. Riggs 1992-02-16 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1984 ICPSR 5516 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-21. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to ICPSR member institutions. Also available as downloadable files. This data collection provides information on the participation of 25 African member nations of the United Nations (UN) in the UN in the period 1961-1965. Data are provided for national attributes, and forms of participation in the UN. National attributes data provide information on the gross national product (GNP), United States' economic and military aids received, size of the armed forces, population size, number of physicians per 100 inhabitants, and school enrollment as a percentage of the population. Data on participation in the UN include the number of representatives from each nation in the UN, number of offices won, and resolutions and amendments passed. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR05516.v1 international relations icpsr economic aid icpsr Gross National Product icpsr membership icpsr military strength icpsr participation icpsr population size icpsr United Nations icpsr ICPSR XI.B.2. International Systems: Linkages, Relationships, and Events, International Organizations, Member Activities IDRC VIII. International Organizations IDRC I. Conflict Data Riggs, Robert E. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 5516 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR05516.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR05602 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130521s1984 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR05602 MiAaI MiAaI Annual Alliance Membership Data, 1815-1965 [electronic resource] David J. Singer , Melvin Small 1992-02-16 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1984 ICPSR 5602 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-21. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to ICPSR member institutions. Also available as downloadable files. This data collection comprises one of four companion datasets produced by the Correlates of War Project at the University of Michigan. It consists of information on annual symmetric matrices of international alliance bonds for 157 nations in the period 1815-1965. For each alliance bond, data are coded for the type of alliance, such as defense, neutrality, or entente, according to explicit national commitments. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR05602.v1 diplomacy icpsr military bases icpsr military alliances icpsr international relations icpsr international cooperation icpsr international alliances icpsr international agreements icpsr TPDRC I. Terrorism IDRC I. Conflict Data ICPSR XI.D. International Systems: Linkages, Relationships, and Events, Alliances and Military Affairs Singer, David J. Small, Melvin Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 5602 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR05602.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR05406 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130521s1984 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR05406 MiAaI MiAaI Asia and Major Powers Dyadic Interactions, 1956-1968 [electronic resource] Franz Mogdis , Karen Tidwell 1992-02-16 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1984 ICPSR 5406 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-21. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to ICPSR member institutions. Also available as downloadable files. This data collection provides information on the dyadic interactions between the Asian states and the major powers in the period 1956-1968. Information is provided for the measure of cooperative and conflictual behavior between the major powers and the Asian states. Variables that focus on positive interaction include imports to the Asian states from the major powers countries and exports from Asian states to the major powers countries, Asian states' military personnel, civil technicians, and students trained in the major powers countries, major powers' military aid, military personnel, and economic aid to the Asian states, and state visits, formal defense treaties, and shared United Nations votes between the two sets of states. Variables that indicate conflictual interaction include minority and territorial disputes between the Asian states and the major powers, and the intensity of conflicts between them. The data are aggregated annually for each of the years 1956 to 1968. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR05406.v1 economic aid icpsr exports icpsr foreign students icpsr imports icpsr international conflict icpsr international cooperation icpsr international relations icpsr international trade icpsr military alliances icpsr nations icpsr trade relations icpsr IDRC II. Economic Data ICPSR XI.A. International Systems: Linkages, Relationships, and Events, Dyadic and Small-Group Interaction (Events Data) IDRC I. Conflict Data IDRC III. Electoral Systems and Political Behavior Mogdis, Franz Tidwell, Karen Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 5406 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR05406.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR05205 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130521s1984 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR05205 MiAaI MiAaI Comparative Research on the Events of Nations (CREON) Project [electronic resource] Foreign Policy Events, 1959-1968 Charles, et al. Hermann 1992-02-16 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1984 ICPSR 5205 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-21. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to ICPSR member institutions. Also available as downloadable files. This study provides data for 36 nations on the behaviors engaged in by international actors and the internal governmental processes associated with these behaviors in the period 1959-1968. Data are available for actors, actions, resources, targets, and behavior. Variables that identify actors include heads of state, ad hoc small groups, formal small groups, multinational collaborators, deliberative assemblies, treasuries, and nongovernmental decision-makers, as well as foreign affairs, economic, intelligence, and internal affairs bureaucracies, and other units. Actions variables are divided into verbal and nonverbal actions and both are further divided into conflictual and cooperative actions. Variables on resources provide information on the nature of the skills the actor used in executing an event, and they include economic, scientific, and technical resources, as well as military, diplomatic, political, legal, cultural, and ideological resources. Information is also provided on the proposed use, actual use, and future time use of these resources. Target variables specify direct and indirect objects, number, and the nature of the objects or targets. Behavior variables are divided into verbal and nonverbal behaviors and include those for unilateral policy exchange, border, protocol, penetrative, military, comment, bargaining, world organization, regional organization, treaty, propaganda and culture, foreign assistance, and economic transaction behaviors. Each record is an event. The data were coded for randomly selected quarter-years of the ten-year period. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR05205.v1 conflict icpsr decision making icpsr foreign affairs icpsr foreign policy icpsr international cooperation icpsr international relations icpsr IDRC III. Electoral Systems and Political Behavior IDRC I. Conflict Data IDRC II. Economic Data ICPSR XI.A. International Systems: Linkages, Relationships, and Events, Dyadic and Small-Group Interaction (Events Data) Hermann, Charles, et al. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 5205 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR05205.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR07385 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130521s1984 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR07385 MiAaI MiAaI Comparative Study of Intergovernmental Organizations, l970-1971 [electronic resource] George A. Lopez , Jean M. Stern 1992-02-16 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1984 ICPSR 7385 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-21. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to ICPSR member institutions. Also available as downloadable files. This study includes data on the identity, environmental attributes, and substantive concerns of 240 intergovernmental organizations active in 1970-1971. Variables provide information on the year these organizations were founded, their relations with other intergovernmental and non-governmental international organizations, the number of their state and non-state members, and the geographic region to which the members belonged. Data were also collected regarding the specific issues that the organizations dealt with. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR07385.v1 economic development icpsr foreign aid icpsr intergovernmental oranizations icpsr international agreements icpsr international assistance icpsr international cooperation icpsr international organizations icpsr international relations icpsr membership icpsr nongovernmental organizations icpsr organizational behavior icpsr organizational culture icpsr organizational structure icpsr political issues icpsr social issues icpsr ICPSR XI.B.1. International Systems: Linkages, Relationships, and Events, International Organizations, Characteristics of Organizations IDRC I. Conflict Data IDRC VIII. International Organizations Lopez, George A. Stern, Jean M. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 7385 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR07385.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR07489 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130521s1984 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR07489 MiAaI MiAaI Content Analysis of Asian Newspapers [electronic resource] 1962, 1966, 1970, 1972 Nobuo Jo , Nobuo Sasaki , Susumu Yamakage , Hiroaki Yoshii 1992-02-16 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1984 ICPSR 7489 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-21. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to ICPSR member institutions. Also available as downloadable files. This study examined the content of news items that appeared in newspapers from Japan, Thailand, Indonesia, and Singapore during the last three months of 1962, 1966, 1970, and 1972. Included were news items covering domestic events in Japan, relations between Japan and the other three countries, relations between Japan and the rest of the world, domestic events in Thailand, Indonesia, and Singapore, their relations among themselves, and their relations with the rest of the world. Further data were collected during 1970 concerning relations between Thailand, Indonesia, and Singapore and the following countries: United States, Great Britain, Australia, West Germany, and the Netherlands. Variables document the source and publication date of the news items and outline the structure of the events. The study identifies actors, targets, and issues and provides evaluations of the actors' behavior and their interactions. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR07489.v1 economic policy icpsr foreign policy icpsr international conflict icpsr international relations icpsr mass media icpsr media coverage icpsr national identity icpsr newspapers icpsr domestic policy icpsr social life icpsr IDRC I. Conflict Data ICPSR XI.A. International Systems: Linkages, Relationships, and Events, Dyadic and Small-Group Interaction (Events Data) IDRC III. Electoral Systems and Political Behavior IDRC II. Economic Data Jo, Nobuo Sasaki, Nobuo Yamakage, Susumu Yoshii, Hiroaki Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 7489 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR07489.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR24386 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130521s2010 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR24386 MiAaI MiAaI Correlates of War Project [electronic resource] Militarized Interstate Dispute (MID) Data, 1816-2001 Paul Diehl , Daniel Geller , Doug Gibler , Charles Gochman , Paul Hensel , Zeev Moaz , Glenn Palmer , Brian Pollins , James Lee Ray , Patrick Regan , Richard Stoll 2010-03-05 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2010 ICPSR 24386 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-21. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to ICPSR member institutions. Also available as downloadable files. The Militarized Interstate Dispute (MID) (v3.10) data, compiled by the Correlates of War Project, provides information about conflicts in which one or more states threaten, display, or use force against one or more other states between 1816 and 2001. Five datasets are included with this collection. The first dataset comprises essential attributes of each militarized interstate dispute from January 1, 1816, through December 31, 2001, while the second dataset includes participants in each of these disputes. The third dataset comprises essential elements of each militarized interstate incident from January 1, 1993, through December 31, 2001, including incidents that belong to disputes that began in 1992 and continued into 1993, while the fourth dataset includes participants in each of these incidents. The fifth dataset contains dyadic militarized interstate disputes, of which each dyadic MID has exactly two states involved, on opposite sides of the MID. Generated from the incident-level data, these data are from the years 1993 through 2001, and additionally are provided for MIDs that were ongoing as of December 31, 1992. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR24386.v1 combat icpsr military intervention icpsr nations icpsr war icpsr war deaths icpsr conflict icpsr conflict resolution icpsr foreign affairs icpsr hostility icpsr international alliances icpsr international conflict icpsr international relations icpsr military alliances icpsr ICPSR XI.D. International Systems: Linkages, Relationships, and Events, Alliances and Military Affairs ICPSR III.B. Conflict, Aggression, Violence, Wars, Conflict Between and Among Nations IDRC I. Conflict Data ICPSR XI.A. International Systems: Linkages, Relationships, and Events, Dyadic and Small-Group Interaction (Events Data) DSDR VI. Population Characteristics DSDR VII. Population Growth and Decline Diehl, Paul Geller, Daniel Gibler, Doug Gochman, Charles Hensel, Paul Moaz, Zeev Palmer, Glenn Pollins, Brian Ray, James Lee Regan, Patrick Stoll, Richard Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 24386 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR24386.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR05409 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130521s1984 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR05409 MiAaI MiAaI Dimensionality of Nations Project [electronic resource] Attributes of Nations and Behavior of Nation Dyads, 1950-1965 Rudolph J. Rummel 1992-02-16 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1984 ICPSR 5409 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-21. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to ICPSR member institutions. Also available as downloadable files. This study contains data on the economic, diplomatic, military, and social dyadic interactions among a selected sample of 182 nation-dyads in the years 1950, 1955, 1960, 1963, and 1965. Originally collected by the Dimensionality of Nations (DON) Project at the University of Hawaii, these data provide information on the behavioral dimensions of the interactions between the nations in the dyads. The dyads represent all of the paired relationships for 14 nations. Variables such as economic aid, official visits, treaties, co-participation in international conferences, exports, tourist visits, intergovernmental organizations, common membership in nongovernmental organizations, common blocs membership, and military alliances measure positive interactions or cooperative behavior between the nations. Other variables such as military actions, negative behavior, severance of diplomatic relations, expulsion or recall of diplomats and lesser officials, boycott or embargo, aid to subversive groups or enemies, accusations, protests, attacks on embassy, and lost territory from one nation to the other measure conflictual interactions. The variables are arranged by year and within year by dyad number. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR05409.v1 diplomacy icpsr economic aid icpsr economic conditions icpsr exports icpsr international conflict icpsr international cooperation icpsr international relations icpsr military alliances icpsr military strength icpsr tourism icpsr treaties icpsr IDRC II. Economic Data IDRC I. Conflict Data ICPSR XI.A. International Systems: Linkages, Relationships, and Events, Dyadic and Small-Group Interaction (Events Data) Rummel, Rudolph J. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 5409 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR05409.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR05026 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130521s1984 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR05026 MiAaI MiAaI Diplomatic Exchange Data, 1815-1970 [electronic resource] J. David Singer , Melvin Small 2006-01-12 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1984 ICPSR 5026 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-21. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to ICPSR member institutions. Also available as downloadable files. This data collection comprises two of four companion datasets produced by the Correlates of War Project at the University of Michigan. It provides coded information for the presence or absence at five-year intervals of a diplomatic mission from every other member in the international system. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR05026.v1 diplomacy icpsr embassies icpsr foreign policy icpsr international affairs icpsr international alliances icpsr international relations icpsr nineteenth century icpsr twentieth century icpsr TPDRC I. Terrorism ICPSR XI.C. International Systems: Linkages, Relationships, and Events, Structural Characteristics of the International System IDRC I. Conflict Data Singer, J. David Small, Melvin Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 5026 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR05026.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR05025 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130521s1984 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR05025 MiAaI MiAaI Diplomatic Missions Received by Each International System Member, 1817-1970 [electronic resource] J. David Singer , Melvin Small 1992-02-16 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1984 ICPSR 5025 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-21. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to ICPSR member institutions. Also available as downloadable files. This data collection comprises one of four companion datasets produced by the Correlates of War Project at the University of Michigan. For each international system member, data are provided at approximately five-year intervals for the number of missions received, the particular nations sending missions, and the rank of mission received (e.g., visit from ambassador, minister, or charge d'affaires) in the period 1817-1970. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR05025.v1 twentieth century icpsr diplomacy icpsr embassies icpsr foreign policy icpsr international alliances icpsr international relations icpsr nations icpsr nineteenth century icpsr ICPSR XI.C. International Systems: Linkages, Relationships, and Events, Structural Characteristics of the International System IDRC I. Conflict Data Singer, J. David Small, Melvin Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 5025 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR05025.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR05403 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130521s1984 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR05403 MiAaI MiAaI Dyadic and Multilateral Events, 1948-1970 [electronic resource] Barry Hughes , P. Terrence Hopmann 1992-02-16 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1984 ICPSR 5403 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-21. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to ICPSR member institutions. Also available as downloadable files. This data collection contains information on 8,383 dyadic and multilateral events among executive actors from 31 nations in the period 1948-1970. Data are provided for the date of event, number and code names of countries involved in event, and intensity of event. Events are coded on scale B of the Moses-Brody conflict-cooperation scale, which runs from events of great cooperation to events of intense conflict. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR05403.v1 arms race icpsr conflict icpsr international agreements icpsr international conflict icpsr international relations icpsr political leaders icpsr treaties icpsr ICPSR XI.A. International Systems: Linkages, Relationships, and Events, Dyadic and Small-Group Interaction (Events Data) IDRC I. Conflict Data Hughes, Barry Hopmann, P. Terrence Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 5403 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR05403.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR05401 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130521s1984 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR05401 MiAaI MiAaI Dyadic Disputes, 1920-1968 [electronic resource] William Coplin , J. Martin Rochester 2006-01-12 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1984 ICPSR 5401 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-21. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to ICPSR member institutions. Also available as downloadable files. This study is an exploration of 121 dyadic disputes that occurred among 71 nations in the period 1920-1968 and were considered in at least one of four major international institutions: the Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ), the International Court of Justice (ICJ), the League of Nations, and the United Nations (UN). The data were collected to provide systematic and comparative analyses of these four international institutions in the international bargaining process. The two basic units of analysis used in this study are participants (nations) and cases. The participants data are further divided into national attributes of participants and patterns of institutional usage by participants. The case-unit data are divided into case attributes and attributes of the dyadic relationship between the two participants in each case. The Attributes of Participants File (Part 1) contains information on the date of each nation's independence, date when the case was introduced to the institution and how the case was introduced, date when the nation's current regime came to power, type of political systems, stage of nation's economic development, socio-cultural regions, geographical regions, and the degree of the nation's institutional usage. The Participant Usage File (Part 2) includes data on the total number of cases in which the nation participated, jointly submitted the dispute, or was the applicant, and each nation's total weighted index of participation in the four major international institutions. The Dyadic Relationships File (Part 3) includes data on the types of issues involved in each case, hostilities associated with the case, institutions credited with stopping hostilities, collective mediation and conciliation, truce enforcement, relative power capabilities of the disputants, and military and geographical distance between disputants, as well as comparisons of economic stages of development, socio-cultural and geographical regions, and institutional usages between the disputants. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR05401.v2 international relations icpsr mediation icpsr nations icpsr Permanent Court of International Justice icpsr United Nations icpsr conflict icpsr conflict resolution icpsr hostility icpsr International Court of Justice icpsr international organizations icpsr ICPSR XI.A. International Systems: Linkages, Relationships, and Events, Dyadic and Small-Group Interaction (Events Data) IDRC I. Conflict Data Coplin, William Rochester, J. Martin Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 5401 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR05401.v2 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR04172 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130521s2005 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR04172 MiAaI MiAaI Globalization Comparative Panel Dataset, 1975-1995 [electronic resource] Pamela Paxton , Edward M. Crenshaw , Rumi Morishima , Kristopher K. Robison 2005-05-23 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2005 ICPSR 4172 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-21. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to ICPSR member institutions. Also available as downloadable files. The major purpose of this study was to compile panel/ comparative multiple indicators of globalization across a large number of countries. The primary investigators attempted to measure empirically the concept of globalization. These data offer temporal and international coverage, a theory-driven classification of globalization indicators, and standardizations of these indicators. Using large samples of the world's countries for mid-decade years in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, these data amass three interrelated dimensions and their corresponding measures of globalization, i.e., economic, cultural, and political. Measures of political globalization included each nation's participation in international treaties, intergovernmental organizations, and international non-governmental organizations, as well as each nation's total number of embassies, sent and received. The economic measures examined each nation's inflow of foreign direct investment, the balance of international income credit and debit payments, the balance of international services income credit and debit payments, and the balance of international imports and exports. The cultural measures compiled each nation's migration stock, the import of foreign newspapers and periodicals, the import of foreign books, and the amount of international mail received and dispatched. Descriptive characteristics collected included each country's United Nations Country Code, year of independence and dissolution, total population, and gross domestic product (GDP). Part 1 of this collection consists of a large sample of the world's nation-states. Part 2 is a subset of Part 1 which contains only those countries in the sample that had populations of at least one million people in 1995. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR04172.v1 globalization icpsr international economics icpsr economic integration icpsr world politics icpsr international relations icpsr international markets icpsr cultural influences icpsr ICPSR XI.C. International Systems: Linkages, Relationships, and Events, Structural Characteristics of the International System IDRC VI. Human Dimension of International Relations IDRC II. Economic Data IDRC I. Conflict Data Paxton, Pamela Crenshaw, Edward M. Morishima, Rumi Robison, Kristopher K. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 4172 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR04172.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR05601 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130521s1984 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR05601 MiAaI MiAaI International Military Alliance Data, 1920-1957 [electronic resource] Bruce M. Russett 1992-02-16 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1984 ICPSR 5601 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-21. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to ICPSR member institutions. Also available as downloadable files. This study contains data on 137 international alliances signed in the period 1920-1957. Data are provided for the background of the alliance, year the alliance was signed, and type, terms, length, and cause of termination of the alliance. Also provided is information on the ratio of the total population of each alliance member to the total population of the world, average distance between the capitals of the alliance members, positions of alliance members in relation to each another when war occurred while the alliance was operative, and whether any member of the alliance established military bases on the territory of another member, gave or received military or economic aid, or faced any specific threat from a particular region or nation. Demographic information on alliance members includes race, languages, and religion. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR05601.v1 population estimates icpsr military bases icpsr military alliances icpsr international relations icpsr international cooperation icpsr international alliances icpsr international agreements icpsr diplomacy icpsr ICPSR XI.D. International Systems: Linkages, Relationships, and Events, Alliances and Military Affairs TPDRC I. Terrorism IDRC I. Conflict Data Russett, Bruce M. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 5601 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR05601.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR21282 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130521s2008 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR21282 MiAaI MiAaI International Military Intervention, 1989-2005 [electronic resource] Emizet F. Kisangani , Jeffrey Pickering 2008-01-29 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2008 ICPSR 21282 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-21. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to ICPSR member institutions. Also available as downloadable files. This project updates INTERNATIONAL MILITARY INTERVENTION (IMI), 1946-1988 (ICPSR 6035), compiled by Frederic S. Pearson and Robert A. Baumann (1993). This newer study documents 447 intervention events from 1989 to 2005. To ensure consistency across the full 1946-2005 time span, Pearson and Baumann's coding procedures were followed. The data collection thus "documents all cases of military intervention across international boundaries by regular armed forces of independent states" in the international system (Pearson and Baumann, 1993). "Military interventions are defined operationally in this collection as the movement of regular troops or forces (airborne, seaborne, shelling, etc.) of one country inside another, in the context of some political issue or dispute" (Pearson and Baumann, 1993). As with the original IMI (OIMI) collection, the 1989-2005 dataset includes information on actor and target states, as well as starting and ending dates. It also includes a categorical variable describing the direction of the intervention, i.e., whether it was launched in support of the target government, in opposition to the target government, or against some third party actor within the target state's borders. The intensity of the military intervention is captured in ordinal variables that document the scale of the actor's involvement, "ranging from minor engagement such as evacuation, to patrols, act of intimidation, and actual firing, shelling or bombing" (Pearson and Baumann, 1993). Casualties that are a direct result of the military intervention are coded as well. A novel aspect of IMI is the inclusion of a series of variables designed to ascertain the motivations or issues that prompted the actor to intervene, including to take sides in a domestic dispute in the target state, to affect target state policy, to protect a socio-ethnic or minority group, to attack rebels in sanctuaries in the target state, to protect economic or resource interests, to intervene for strategic purposes, to lend humanitarian aid, to acquire territory or to dispute its ownership, and to protect its own military/diplomatic interests. There are three main differences between OIMI and this update. First, the variable, civilian casualties, which complements IMI's information on the casualties suffered by actor and target military personnel has been added. Second, OIMI variables on colonial history, previous intervention, alliance partners, alignment of the target, power size of the intervener, and power size of the target have been deleted. The Web-based resources available today, such as the CIA World Fact Book, make information on the colonial history between actor and target readily available. Statistical programs allow researchers to generate all previous interventions by the actor into the target state. Since competing measures and data collections are used for alliances and state power, it was thought best to allow analysts who use IMI the freedom to choose the variables or dataset that measure the phenomena of their choice. Third, the data collection techniques differ from OIMI. OIMI relied on the scouring of printed news sources such as the New York Times Index, Facts on File, and Keesing's to collect information on international military interventions, whereas the computer-based search engine, Lexis-Nexis Academic, was used as the foundation for the new study's data search. Lexis-Nexis Academic includes print sources as well as news wire reports and many others. After Lexis-Nexis searches were conducted for each year in the update by at least four different investigators, regional sources, the United Nations Web site, and secondary works were consulted. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR21282.v1 domestic policy icpsr foreign policy icpsr international conflict icpsr international relations icpsr military intervention icpsr national interests icpsr IDRC I. Conflict Data TPDRC I. Terrorism ICPSR XI.D. International Systems: Linkages, Relationships, and Events, Alliances and Military Affairs Kisangani, Emizet F. Pickering, Jeffrey Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 21282 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR21282.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR05011 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130521s1984 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR05011 MiAaI MiAaI International Subsystems, 1649-1963 [electronic resource] Michael Haas 1992-02-16 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1984 ICPSR 5011 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-21. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to ICPSR member institutions. Also available as downloadable files. This study of the structure of the international system and its consequences for national war behavior is composed of three distinct types of data: Member Characteristic Data, Subsystem Data, and War Data, consisting of Richardson's Deadly Quarrel Data, Wright's War Data, Singer and Small's War Data, and Sorokins' Disturbance Data. In the Member Characteristic Data, each member of each subsystem is the unit of observation and the national characteristics of each member are reported. In the Subsystem Data, 21 subsystems constitute the unit of observation, with variables recording the number of members, wars, alliances, and polarity of each subsystem. The War Data report the war behavior of each of the 21 subsystems, with one record for each war as reported in the four major studies of war from which they were compiled. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR05011.v1 foreign affairs icpsr historical data icpsr international conflict icpsr international relations icpsr militarism icpsr national interests icpsr nations icpsr political systems icpsr war icpsr world politics icpsr IDRC I. Conflict Data ICPSR XI.C. International Systems: Linkages, Relationships, and Events, Structural Characteristics of the International System Haas, Michael Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 5011 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR05011.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR05502 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130521s1984 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR05502 MiAaI MiAaI National Memberships in International Nongovernmental Organizations, 1966 [electronic resource] Burt R. Baldwin 1992-02-16 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1984 ICPSR 5502 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-21. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to ICPSR member institutions. Also available as downloadable files. This study consists of data on international nongovernmental organization membership for 149 nations in 1966. Data are provided for the number and type of organizations to which each nation belonged. The various types of international nongovernmental organizations include bibliography, documentation and press, religious and ethical, social science, international relations, political, law and administration, social welfare, professional and employers, trade union, economic and finance, commerce and industry, agriculture, transport and travel, technological, science, health, education and youth, art, literature, cinema, radio, and television, and sports and recreation organizations. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR05502.v1 international cooperation icpsr international organizations icpsr international relations icpsr memberships icpsr nations icpsr nongovernmental organizations icpsr IDRC VIII. International Organizations IDRC I. Conflict Data ICPSR XI.B.1. International Systems: Linkages, Relationships, and Events, International Organizations, Characteristics of Organizations Baldwin, Burt R. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 5502 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR05502.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR05006 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130521s1984 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR05006 MiAaI MiAaI PRINCE Project [electronic resource] International Transactions, Issue Specific Interactions and Power Data Sets, 1966-1972 William Coplin , Michael O'Leary , Howard Shapiro 2006-01-18 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1984 ICPSR 5006 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-21. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to ICPSR member institutions. Also available as downloadable files. This data collection is composed of four files: one World Event Interaction Survey file (Part 1), and three data values files including an Aggregate Data Values file (Part 2), a Treaty Data Values Issue Position file (Part 3), and an Event Data Values Issue Position File (Part 4). The datasets were created as part of the PRINCE Project of the International Relations Program of Syracuse University and are designed to provide estimates for the values of the principal variables used in the model underlying PRINCE, a programmed international computer environment, but may be used for other research and teaching purposes. Variables in these files pertain to issue positions, influence attempts, power, affect, and economic, diplomatic, and social transactions. The World Event Interaction Survey file (Part 1) contains information on the type, direction, and effect of transaction, the type and value of issue acts, geographic location, and topic and value of expressions of affect. A total of 5,593 acts coded for 231 dyads (directional) include acts of the United States toward 106 nations, acts of 104 nations toward the United States, acts among the members of 19 directional dyads, and acts from Israel to Egypt and Egypt to Israel, in the period 1966-1969. The Aggregate Data Values file (Part 2) contains measurements of power and transaction levels for the 107 nations in Part 1. Data were collected for 1967 for most of the variables in this file. Information is provided on gross national product (GNP), population estimates, military expenditures, United States' and the nations' diplomats, the nations' exports to and imports from the United States, United States' tourists to and from the nations, the number of United States' students in the nations and the number of students from the nations in the United States, and the number of the nations' telegraph messages to and from the United States. The Treaty Data Values Issue Position file (Part 3) contains data for 122 nations coded for 55 treaties accepted as of December 31, 1968. These are grouped into six issue areas: human rights, law of the sea, diplomatic and consular matters, narcotic drugs, transport and communications, and educational matters and obscene publications. The Event Data Values Issue Position file (Part 4) contains data for 49 nations coded for 312 acts during January 1, 1972, through June 30, 1972. Variables measuring issue position per act provide information on date, actor, target, issue, geographic location, and type of statement that indicates the policy preference a state has on an international issue. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR05006.v1 computer programs icpsr diplomacy icpsr exports icpsr foreign policy icpsr foreign students icpsr foreigners icpsr Gross National Product icpsr instructional materials icpsr international affairs icpsr international agreements icpsr international relations icpsr military expenditures icpsr nations icpsr political influence icpsr population characteristics icpsr power icpsr treaties icpsr IDRC VI. Human Dimension of International Relations ICPSR XI.A. International Systems: Linkages, Relationships, and Events, Dyadic and Small-Group Interaction (Events Data) IDRC II. Economic Data Coplin, William O'Leary, Michael Shapiro, Howard Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 5006 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR05006.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR05405 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130521s1984 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR05405 MiAaI MiAaI Regional Interaction in Asia, 1956-1968 [electronic resource] Franz Mogdis , Karen Tidwell 1992-02-16 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1984 ICPSR 5405 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-21. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to ICPSR member institutions. Also available as downloadable files. This data collection provides information on the political, economic, and social dyadic interactions between 17 Asian states in the period 1956-1968. The variables are of two types, directional and nondirectional. The directional variables, such as imports, indicate the flow of goods or communication from one state to another. The nondirectional variables, such as shared inter-governmental organizational memberships and shared United Nations voting, indicate a mutual value between the states. Variables such as imports, diplomatic recognition, visits, and military aid also measure positive interaction or cooperative behavior between the states, and other variables such as demonstrations, expulsion of diplomats, territorial disputes, border closure, and violent conflicts measure conflictual interaction between them. The data for all the variables are aggregated annually for each of the years 1956 to 1968. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR05405.v1 diplomacy icpsr economic aid icpsr foreign aid icpsr imports icpsr international conflict icpsr international cooperation icpsr international relations icpsr trade relations icpsr IDRC II. Economic Data ICPSR XI.A. International Systems: Linkages, Relationships, and Events, Dyadic and Small-Group Interaction (Events Data) IDRC I. Conflict Data IDRC VI. Human Dimension of International Relations Mogdis, Franz Tidwell, Karen Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 5405 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR05405.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR05016 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130521s1984 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR05016 MiAaI MiAaI Sino-Soviet Interaction [electronic resource] Project Triad, 1950-1967 Franz Mogdis , Karen Tidwell 2006-01-18 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1984 ICPSR 5016 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-21. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to ICPSR member institutions. Also available as downloadable files. This study consists of an aggregate attributes data file and a perception-interaction data file on the Soviet Union and China in the period 1950-1967. The study was part of a project concerned with the Sino-Soviet conflict and its implications for United States' strategic planning in the 1970s. The aggregate attributes data file (Part 1) contains two subsets: (1) measures of economic, demographic, military, and diplomatic national attributes of the Soviet Union and China in the period 1950-1967, and (2) trade of and visits by leaders of the Soviet Union and China with 17 less developed nations in the period 1959-1967. The perception-interaction data file (Part 2) also consists of two subsets: (1) a perception dataset, which contains information obtained by computer content analyses of selected official statements and newspaper contents utilizing Inquirer II, and (2) an interaction dataset that measures Sino-Soviet diplomatic, communications, and trade interactions with each other in the period 1950-1967. Items in the perception subset dataset include the perceptions of the Soviet Union and China of each other and of the United States coded as strong, weak, active, passive, negative, and threatening. Each of these perceptions is presented in the original and weighted forms. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR05016.v1 demographic characteristics icpsr diplomacy icpsr economic conditions icpsr international relations icpsr military strength icpsr trade relations icpsr IDRC VI. Human Dimension of International Relations IDRC II. Economic Data ICPSR XI.A. International Systems: Linkages, Relationships, and Events, Dyadic and Small-Group Interaction (Events Data) Mogdis, Franz Tidwell, Karen Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 5016 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR05016.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR25342 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130521s2010 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR25342 MiAaI MiAaI Soft Power in Asia Survey, 2008 [electronic resource] Marshall Bouton , Steven Kull , Benjamin Page , Gregory Holyk 2010-04-05 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2010 ICPSR 25342 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-21. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to ICPSR member institutions. Also available as downloadable files. This multicountry public opinion survey, conducted by the Chicago Council on Global Affairs in collaboration with the East Asia Institute (South Korea), examines the current and potential use of soft power in East Asia. This survey aimed to refine the concept of soft power, operationalize it into a measurable scientific variable, and contribute to the building of a database on soft power in Asia. For this survey, respondents were asked to examine topics such as the attractiveness of different national cultures and values, the effectiveness of nations as regional leaders and problem-solvers, the affinity of nations as trade partners, levels of human capital, attractiveness of educational institutions, and the emergence of regional identities. Participants also gave their opinions about the growing economic and political integration in East Asia and the impact this has on underlying regional tensions, including how likely there would be a military conflict in East Asia in the next ten years. Similarly, respondents answered queries regarding the economic, military, and political influence of China, Japan, and the United States in Southeast Asia, China and the United States as military threats to each other, China's rise as a leader in Asia, and the military presence of the United States in Asia. Further questions asked about the creation of a free trade area in China, Japan and South Korea, trade and investment among these nations, preferred economic systems, countries' willingness to promote democracy and human rights internationally, the use of diplomacy, and the respect for rule of law and sovereignty of other nations. Finally, participants gave their views on the leadership of international organizations, and the influence of one country’s popular culture on another. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR25342.v1 alliances icpsr economic policy icpsr free markets icpsr free trade icpsr human rights icpsr humanitarian aid icpsr imports icpsr influence icpsr international conflict icpsr international cooperation icpsr international markets icpsr armed conflict icpsr international organizations icpsr international relations icpsr international trade icpsr military strength icpsr nuclear weapons icpsr political influence icpsr political power icpsr political systems icpsr power icpsr public opinion icpsr arms control icpsr regional stability icpsr social attitudes icpsr trade agreements icpsr cultural attitudes icpsr cultural influences icpsr cultural values icpsr diplomacy icpsr economic development icpsr economic integration icpsr ICPSR XI.D. International Systems: Linkages, Relationships, and Events, Alliances and Military Affairs ICPSR III.B. Conflict, Aggression, Violence, Wars, Conflict Between and Among Nations Bouton, Marshall Kull, Steven Page, Benjamin Holyk, Gregory Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 25342 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR25342.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR05501 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130521s1984 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR05501 MiAaI MiAaI United Nations Interactions, 1962 [electronic resource] Chadwick E. Alger 1992-02-16 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1984 ICPSR 5501 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-21. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to ICPSR member institutions. Also available as downloadable files. This study contains data on 6,976 cases of interaction among delegates of the 110 member nations of the United Nations during the 17th Session of the Administrative and Budgetary (Fifth) Committee of the United Nations General Assembly in 1962, and the Fourth Special Session in May-June 1963. Based on Garland Routt's theoretical premise that high interactions play important legislative roles, the data were collected and analyzed as part of a study of the effect that political and social processes in intergovernmental organizations have on the development of intergovernmental conflicts and consensus. Data on interactions are analyzed in terms of the relation of interaction to the legislative process, interactions of individual nations, regional group interactions, relation between group interactions and voting, relation between noncommittee roles of individuals and interaction, and relation between individual reputation for being capable and informed and interaction. Variables that describe interactions among member nations' delegates include the type of initiatives, place of interaction, time interaction began and ended, agenda, number of persons participating in interaction, presence of humor and laughter, number of resolutions and amendments, total interactions, questions asked, positive and negative citations, roll call votes on Resolutions, successes, and failures. Additional variables provide information on nation names, post of delegates, membership status of delegates on the committee, diplomats sent and received, and exports and imports. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR05501.v1 diplomacy icpsr international cooperation icpsr international organizations icpsr international relations icpsr interpersonal communication icpsr organizational behavior icpsr social interaction icpsr United Nations icpsr IDRC VIII. International Organizations ICPSR XI.B.2. International Systems: Linkages, Relationships, and Events, International Organizations, Member Activities IDRC I. Conflict Data Alger, Chadwick E. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 5501 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR05501.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR04173 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130521s2005 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR04173 MiAaI MiAaI Westernization Comparative Panel Dataset, 1975-1995 [electronic resource] Edward M. Crenshaw , Pamela Paxton , Kristopher K. Robison , Rumi Morishima 2005-05-23 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 2005 ICPSR 4173 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-21. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to ICPSR member institutions. Also available as downloadable files. The major purpose of this study was to compile panel/comparative multiple indicators of westernization across a large number of countries. The primary investigators attempted to empirically measure the concept of westernization. These data offer temporal and international coverage, a theory-driven classification of globalization indicators, and standardizations of these indicators. Using large samples of the world's countries for mid-decade years in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, these data amass three interrelated dimensions and their corresponding measures of westernization, i.e., economic, cultural, and political. Measures of political westernization include each nation's participation in western international treaties and western international non-governmental organizations as well as the total amount of United States military aid received and the total number of western embassies present. The economic measures examined include each nation's inflow of United States direct investment, United States economic aid, and Official Development Assistance from Western Nations as well as a nation's total trade with Western nations and total number of patents filed in the United States. The cultural measures compiled include each nation's total number of Western foreign press bureaus present, tourists from Western nations, tertiary-level students attending Western institutions, and phone calls to and from the United States. Descriptive characteristics collected include each country's United Nations Country Code, total population, and gross domestic product (GDP). Part 1 of this collection consists of a large sample of the world's nation-states. Part 2 is a subset of Part 1, which contains only those countries in the sample that had populations of at least one million people in 1995. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR04173.v1 cultural influences icpsr economic expansion icpsr globalization icpsr international markets icpsr international relations icpsr international trade icpsr IDRC VI. Human Dimension of International Relations IDRC II. Economic Data IDRC I. Conflict Data ICPSR XI.C. International Systems: Linkages, Relationships, and Events, Structural Characteristics of the International System Crenshaw, Edward M. Paxton, Pamela Robison, Kristopher K. Morishima, Rumi Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 4173 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR04173.v1 nmm 22 4500 ICPSR08188 MiAaI m f a u cr mn mmmmuuuu 130521s1985 miu f a eng d (MiAaI)ICPSR08188 MiAaI MiAaI Words and Deeds in Soviet Military Expenditures, 1955-1983 [electronic resource] William Zimmerman 1992-02-16 Ann Arbor, Mich. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] 1985 ICPSR 8188 Numeric Title from ICPSR DDI metadata of 2013-05-21. AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to ICPSR member institutions. Also available as downloadable files. This data collection assesses the relationship between Soviet policy statements and military expenditures. Annual speeches given by Soviet Finance Ministers to the Supreme Soviet were analyzed for references to intended defense spending, the United States, and the threat of imperialism. Other variables in this dataset include estimates from various Western sources of the level of Soviet defense spending and identification of the appropriate year in the Soviet planning cycle. A year is the unit of analysis in this dataset. Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR08188.v1 arms race icpsr Cold War icpsr defense policy icpsr defense spending icpsr foreign policy icpsr international relations icpsr military expenditures icpsr military strength icpsr political history icpsr post-World War II period icpsr ICPSR XI.D. International Systems: Linkages, Relationships, and Events, Alliances and Military Affairs IDRC I. Conflict Data Zimmerman, William Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. ICPSR (Series) 8188 Access restricted ; authentication may be required: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR08188.v1