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    versionDate="2013-05-25" 
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    <Citation xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1">
        <Title>Metadata record for Los Angeles Homicides, 1830-2003</Title>
        <Creator>ICPSR</Creator>
        <Copyright>
        ICPSR metadata records are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 
        3.0 United States License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/).
        </Copyright>
    </Citation>
 	
    <StudyUnit xmlns="ddi:studyunit:3_1" id="StudyUnit03680" versionDate="2012-08-22">
        <Citation xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1">
            <Title>Los Angeles Homicides, 1830-2003</Title>
 				
	    	
				<Creator xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1" affiliation="University of California-Los Angeles. Departments of History and Policy Studies">Monkkonen, Eric H.</Creator>
	    	
	    	<Publisher>Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research</Publisher>
  			<Contributor role="distributor">ICPSR</Contributor>
   			<PublicationDate>
    			<SimpleDate>2012-08-22</SimpleDate>
   			</PublicationDate>
   			<InternationalIdentifier xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1" type="ICPSR Number">3680</InternationalIdentifier>
   			<InternationalIdentifier xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1" type="DOI">doi://10.3886/ICPSR03680.v2</InternationalIdentifier>
        </Citation>

        <Abstract isIdentifiable="true" id="Abstract03680">
            <Content xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1">
            <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" id="Summary03680">There has been little research on United States homicide
 rates from a long-term perspective, primarily because there has been
 no consistent data series on a particular place preceding the Uniform
 Crime Reports (UCR), which began its first full year in 1931. To fill
 this research gap, this project created a data series that spans two
 centuries on homicides per capita for the city of Los Angeles. The
 goal was to create a site-specific, individual-based data series that
 could be used to examine major social shifts related to homicide, such
 as mass immigration, urban growth, war, demographic changes, and
 changes in laws. The basic approach to the data collection was to
 obtain the best possible estimate of annual counts and the most
 complete information on individual homicides. Data were derived from
 multiple sources, including Los Angeles court records, as well as
 annual reports of the coroner and daily newspapers. Part 1 (Annual
 Homicides and Related Data) variables include Los Angeles County
 annual counts of homicides, counts of female victims, method of
 killing such as drowning, suffocating, or strangling, and the homicide
 rate. Part 2 (Individual Homicide Data) variables include the date and
 place of the murder, the age, sex, race, and place of birth of the
offender and victim, type of weapon used, and source of data.</div>
             </Content>
        </Abstract>
        
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							 <ID>Organization03680_1</ID>
   						</AgencyOrganizationReference>
  						
   							<GrantNumber>SES0111725</GrantNumber>
   						
    				
  						<AgencyOrganizationReference>
							 <ID>Organization03680_2</ID>
   						</AgencyOrganizationReference>
  						
    				
  						<AgencyOrganizationReference>
							 <ID>Organization03680_3</ID>
   						</AgencyOrganizationReference>
  						
    				
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        <Purpose id="Purpose03680">
            <Content xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1">
            
           </Content>
        </Purpose>
        
        
        
          <Coverage xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1">

   <TopicalCoverage xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1" id="TopicalCoverage03680">
		
      		<Subject codeListAgency="NACJD">NACJD.XIV</Subject>
      	
      		<Subject codeListAgency="ICPSR">ICPSR.XVII.E</Subject>
      	
      		<Subject codeListAgency="NACJD">NACJD.VIII</Subject>
      	
		
      		<Keyword>crime rates</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>crime statistics</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>historical data</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>homicide</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>murder</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>offenders</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>victims</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>weapons</Keyword>
      	
   </TopicalCoverage>
 

	
   <SpatialCoverage id="SpatialCoverage03680">
		<Description>
			
				California, 
			
				Los Angeles, 
			
				United States
			
		</Description>
    <TopLevelReference>
     <LevelName> </LevelName>
    </TopLevelReference>
    <LowestLevelReference>
     <LevelName> </LevelName>
    </LowestLevelReference>
   </SpatialCoverage>
   


	

   <TemporalCoverage id="TemporalCoverage03680">

		
    <ReferenceDate>
		
				
      		<StartDate>1830</StartDate>
      		<EndDate>2003</EndDate>
			
			
      		
    </ReferenceDate>
    
     
   </TemporalCoverage>
 
 
 
         </Coverage>
 


	    	
	    		<KindOfData>administrative records data</KindOfData>
	    	


        
   <ConceptualComponent xmlns="ddi:conceptualcomponent:3_1" id="ConceptualComponent03680">
   <UniverseScheme id="UniverseScheme03680">
	    	
    <Universe id="Universe03680_1">
     <HumanReadable>All homicides in Los Angeles between 1830 and 2003.</HumanReadable>
    </Universe>
    
    
   </UniverseScheme>
   
   
   
   
  </ConceptualComponent>
        
  <DataCollection xmlns="ddi:datacollection:3_1" id="DataCollection03680">
  			



 
		
   <CollectionEvent id="CollectionEvent03680_1">
    
    <DataSource>
     <SourceDescription>
     
    		Los Angeles County court records, 
    	
    		annual coroners' reports, 
    	
    		daily newspapers
    	
    </SourceDescription>
    </DataSource>
    
		<DataCollectionDate>
 		
				
      		<StartDate xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1">1995</StartDate>
      		<EndDate xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1">2003</EndDate>
			
			
      		
      		</DataCollectionDate>

    


   </CollectionEvent>
      	
 
 
 
    
   <ProcessingEvent id="ProcessingEvent03680">
 
   

   

    
   </ProcessingEvent>
  </DataCollection>

  			

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   <ArchiveSpecific>




    <ArchiveOrganizationReference>
     <ID xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1">ICPSR</ID>
    </ArchiveOrganizationReference>




    <DefaultAccess id="DefaultAccess03680">
     
                <Restrictions>
                	<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" id="Restrictions03680">
                		The data are restricted from general dissemination. Users interested in obtaining these data must complete a Restricted Data Use Agreement form and specify the reasons for the request. A copy of the Restricted Data Use Agreement form can be requested by calling 800-999-0960. Researchers can also download this form as a Portable Document Format (PDF) file from the download page associated with this dataset. Completed forms should be returned to: Director, National Archive of Criminal Justice Data, Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research, Institute for Social Research, P.O. Box 1248, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248, or by fax: 734-647-8200.
                	</div>
                </Restrictions>
                
     <AccessConditions>
     
        
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					AVAILABLE.  This study is freely available to the general public.
                
                  
                

</div>

</AccessConditions>
<AccessConditions>
      <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" id="AccessConditions03680-disclaimer">
The original collector of the data, ICPSR, and the relevant funding agency bear no 
                responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
                </div>

                </AccessConditions>

			
       



    </DefaultAccess>
   
   
   </ArchiveSpecific>
   
   <OrganizationScheme id="OrganizationScheme03680">
    <Organization id="ICPSR" xmlns="ddi:archive:3_1">
     <OrganizationName xmlns="ddi:archive:3_1">Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Rearch</OrganizationName>
     <Nickname>ICPSR</Nickname>
     <Location id="LocationICPSR">
      <Address>
       <City>Ann Arbor</City>
       <State>MI</State>
      </Address>
     </Location>
     <URL>http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/</URL>
     <Email>netmail@icpsr.umich.edu</Email>
    </Organization>

 				
    				
						<Organization xmlns="ddi:archive:3_1" id="Organization03680_1">
   							<OrganizationName xmlns="ddi:archive:3_1">National Science Foundation</OrganizationName>
  						</Organization>
    				
						<Organization xmlns="ddi:archive:3_1" id="Organization03680_2">
   							<OrganizationName xmlns="ddi:archive:3_1">National Consortium on Violence Research</OrganizationName>
  						</Organization>
    				
						<Organization xmlns="ddi:archive:3_1" id="Organization03680_3">
   							<OrganizationName xmlns="ddi:archive:3_1">University of California-Los Angeles. Academic Senate</OrganizationName>
  						</Organization>
    				
				


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<LifecycleEvent id="LifecyleEvent03680-2012-08-22">
             <Date>
             <SimpleDate>2012-08-22</SimpleDate>
             </Date>
     <AgencyOrganizationReference>
      <ID>ICPSR</ID>
     </AgencyOrganizationReference>
             <Description>2012-08-22 A Restricted Data Use Agreement form was added to the documentation files that can be downloaded from the study home page.</Description>
           </LifecycleEvent>
    	
           
<LifecycleEvent id="LifecyleEvent03680-2005-08-04">
             <Date>
             <SimpleDate>2005-08-04</SimpleDate>
             </Date>
     <AgencyOrganizationReference>
      <ID>ICPSR</ID>
     </AgencyOrganizationReference>
             <Description>2005-08-04 ICPSR created new data files, setup
files, and codebook because the principal investigator added more data
to the collection.</Description>
           </LifecycleEvent>
    	
 
 
    
 
   </LifecycleInformation>


    
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   <Content>
		<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
			(1) A detailed list of the sources used to create the
 data files can be found in the appendix to the codebook. (2) Data were
 collected from a number of archival sources including, but not limited
to, the sources listed.
		</div>
	</Content>
  </Note>
  

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