The purpose of this study was threefold: (1) to assess the effects of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Generalist Physician Initiative (GPI) on attitudes toward primary care among a national cross-sectional sample of medical students, residents, faculty, residency training directors (RTDs), chairpersons, and medical school deans\; (2) to conduct a longitudinal study of medical student, resident, and faculty participants from ACMET I (1994) and ACMET II (1997) to measure changes over time in attitudes and beliefs about primary care and primary care career choice\; and (3) to survey a nationally representative sample of medical students, residents, faculty, RTDs, chairpersons, and medical school deans about their attitudes toward managed care. The GPI challenged schools of medicine, in collaboration with state governments, private insurers, HMOs, hospitals, and community health centers, to increase the supply of generalist physicians (general internal medicine, general pediatrics, family practice, and general practice). ACMET II gauged views on primary care and specialist medical careers, factors affecting residency choice, faculty influences on medical students and residents, and time spent in various settings (inpatient, outpatient, emergency ward, managed care, and long-term care settings) during electives, clerkships, internships, and residency. Background information collected by the survey includes age, sex, marital status, race, medical school debt, and medical specialty.