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    <Citation xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1">
        <Title>Metadata record for General Social Survey, 1972-2010 [Cumulative File]</Title>
        <Creator>ICPSR</Creator>
        <Copyright>
        ICPSR metadata records are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 
        3.0 United States License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/).
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    <StudyUnit xmlns="ddi:studyunit:3_1" id="StudyUnit31521" versionDate="2013-02-07">
        <Citation xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1">
            <Title>General Social Survey, 1972-2010 [Cumulative File]</Title>
 				
	    	
				<Creator xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1" affiliation="National Opinion Research Center">Smith, Tom W.</Creator>
	    	
				<Creator xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1" affiliation="National Opinion Research Center">Marsden, Peter V.</Creator>
	    	
				<Creator xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1" affiliation="National Opinion Research Center">Hout, Michael</Creator>
	    	
	    	<Publisher>Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research</Publisher>
  			<Contributor role="distributor">ICPSR</Contributor>
   			<PublicationDate>
    			<SimpleDate>2013-02-07</SimpleDate>
   			</PublicationDate>
   			<InternationalIdentifier xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1" type="ICPSR Number">31521</InternationalIdentifier>
   			<InternationalIdentifier xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1" type="DOI">doi://10.3886/ICPSR31521.v1</InternationalIdentifier>
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        <Abstract isIdentifiable="true" id="Abstract31521">
            <Content xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1">
            <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" id="Summary31521">The General Social Surveys (GSS) were designed as part of a data diffusion project in 1972. The GSS replicated questionnaire items and wording in order to facilitate time-trend studies. The latest survey, GSS 2010, includes a cumulative file that merges all 28 General Social Surveys into a single file containing data from 1972 to 2010. The items appearing in the surveys are one of three types: Permanent questions that occur on each survey, rotating questions that appear on two out of every three surveys (1973, 1974, and 1976, or 1973, 1975, and 1976), and a few occasional questions such as split ballot experiments that occur in a single survey. The 2010 surveys included four topic modules: quality of working life, science, shared capitalism, and CDC high risk behaviors. The International Social Survey Program (ISSP) module included in the 2010 survey was environment. The data also contain several variables describing the demographic characteristics of the respondents.</div>
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             <SeriesName>General Social Survey Series</SeriesName>
             <SeriesDescription>For more information on the series, please go to http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/ICPSR/series/00028.</SeriesDescription>
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      		<Subject codeListAgency="AHRQMCC">AHRQMCC.I</Subject>
      	
      		<Subject codeListAgency="ICPSR">ICPSR.XVI.A</Subject>
      	
		
      		<Keyword>abortion</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>Affirmative Action</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>agriculture</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>AIDS</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>alcohol</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>altruism</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>birth control</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>business</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>capital punishment</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>children</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>citizenship</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>civil rights</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>communism</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>community participation</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>compensation</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>computer use</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>corporations</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>courts</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>crime</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>democracy</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>dissent</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>divorce</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>drug use</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>economic issues</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>employment</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>environment</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>environmental attitudes</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>environmental protection</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>ethnicity</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>euthanasia</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>expenditures</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>families</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>foreign affairs</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>freedom</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>gender</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>gender issues</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>gender roles</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>government</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>health</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>housing</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>human rights</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>hunting</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>immigration</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>income</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>industry</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>Jews</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>labor unions</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>marijuana</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>marriage</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>media coverage</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>mental health</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>military draft</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>military service</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>national identity</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>occupations</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>parents</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>patients</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>physicians</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>police</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>politics</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>poverty</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>prejudice</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>privacy</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>race relations</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>racial attitudes</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>religion</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>school prayer</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>science</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>sexual behavior</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>sexual preference</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>smoking</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>social classes</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>social inequality</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>social mobility</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>social networks</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>Social Security</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>sports</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>suicide</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>taxes</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>technology</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>television</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>terminal illnesses</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>terrorism</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>unemployment</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>welfare services</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>work</Keyword>
      	
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		<Description>
			
				United States
			
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    <ReferenceDate>
		
				
      		<StartDate>1972</StartDate>
      		<EndDate>2010</EndDate>
			
			
      		
    </ReferenceDate>
    
     
   </TemporalCoverage>
 
 
 
         </Coverage>
 

   		
   			<AnalysisUnitsCovered>individual</AnalysisUnitsCovered>
    	


	    	
	    		<KindOfData>survey data</KindOfData>
	    	


        
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     <HumanReadable>All noninstitutionalized, English and Spanish speaking persons 18 years of age or older, living in the United States.</HumanReadable>
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     <Content xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1">For sampling information, please see Appendix A of the ICPSR Codebook.</Content>
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      		<StartDate xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1">1972</StartDate>
      		<EndDate xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1">1978</EndDate>
			
			
      		
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		<DataCollectionDate>
 		
				
			
      		<SimpleDate xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1">1980</SimpleDate>
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      		<StartDate xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1">1982</StartDate>
      		<EndDate xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1">1991</EndDate>
			
			
      		
      		</DataCollectionDate>

    


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   <CollectionEvent id="CollectionEvent31521_4">
    
		<DataCollectionDate>
 		
				
			
      		<SimpleDate xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1">1993</SimpleDate>
      		<HistoricalDate xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1">1993</HistoricalDate>
      		
      		
      		
      		</DataCollectionDate>

    


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   <CollectionEvent id="CollectionEvent31521_5">
    
		<DataCollectionDate>
 		
				
			
      		<SimpleDate xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1">1994</SimpleDate>
      		<HistoricalDate xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1">1994</HistoricalDate>
      		
      		
      		
      		</DataCollectionDate>

    


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		<DataCollectionDate>
 		
				
			
      		<SimpleDate xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1">1996</SimpleDate>
      		<HistoricalDate xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1">1996</HistoricalDate>
      		
      		
      		
      		</DataCollectionDate>

    


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		<DataCollectionDate>
 		
				
			
      		<SimpleDate xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1">1998</SimpleDate>
      		<HistoricalDate xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1">1998</HistoricalDate>
      		
      		
      		
      		</DataCollectionDate>

    


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   <CollectionEvent id="CollectionEvent31521_8">
    
		<DataCollectionDate>
 		
				
			
      		<SimpleDate xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1">2000</SimpleDate>
      		<HistoricalDate xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1">2000</HistoricalDate>
      		
      		
      		
      		</DataCollectionDate>

    


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   <CollectionEvent id="CollectionEvent31521_9">
    
		<DataCollectionDate>
 		
				
			
      		<SimpleDate xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1">2002</SimpleDate>
      		<HistoricalDate xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1">2002</HistoricalDate>
      		
      		
      		
      		</DataCollectionDate>

    


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   <CollectionEvent id="CollectionEvent31521_10">
    
		<DataCollectionDate>
 		
				
			
      		<SimpleDate xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1">2004</SimpleDate>
      		<HistoricalDate xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1">2004</HistoricalDate>
      		
      		
      		
      		</DataCollectionDate>

    


   </CollectionEvent>
      	
   <CollectionEvent id="CollectionEvent31521_11">
    
		<DataCollectionDate>
 		
				
			
      		<SimpleDate xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1">2006</SimpleDate>
      		<HistoricalDate xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1">2006</HistoricalDate>
      		
      		
      		
      		</DataCollectionDate>

    


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		<DataCollectionDate>
 		
				
			
      		<SimpleDate xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1">2008</SimpleDate>
      		<HistoricalDate xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1">2008</HistoricalDate>
      		
      		
      		
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      		<SimpleDate xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1">2010</SimpleDate>
      		<HistoricalDate xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1">2010</HistoricalDate>
      		
      		
      		
      		</DataCollectionDate>

    


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     <Description xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1">
 
      <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" id="CleaningOperation31521">

 <p>ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of disclosure. 
 ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major statistical software 
 formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to these procedures, ICPSR 
 performed the following processing steps for this data collection:</p>

	<ul>
  
   		
			<li>
		    	
				
				
				
				
				
				Checked for undocumented or out-of-range codes.
			</li>
	   	
	</ul>

</div>

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    <Weighting id="Weighting31521_1">
    <Content xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1">
	Due to the number of weights and various uses for them, users should refer to Appendix A of the ICPSR Codebook.
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    		Approximately 70 percent.
    	
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					AVAILABLE.  This study is freely available to the general public.
                
                  
                

</div>

</AccessConditions>
<AccessConditions>
      <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" id="AccessConditions31521-disclaimer">
The original collector of the data, ICPSR, and the relevant funding agency bear no 
                responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
                </div>

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     <OrganizationName xmlns="ddi:archive:3_1">Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Rearch</OrganizationName>
     <Nickname>ICPSR</Nickname>
     <Location id="LocationICPSR">
      <Address>
       <City>Ann Arbor</City>
       <State>MI</State>
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     <URL>http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/</URL>
     <Email>netmail@icpsr.umich.edu</Email>
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						<Organization xmlns="ddi:archive:3_1" id="Organization31521_1">
   							<OrganizationName xmlns="ddi:archive:3_1">National Science Foundation</OrganizationName>
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<LifecycleEvent id="LifecyleEvent31521-2013-02-07">
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      <ID>ICPSR</ID>
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             <Description>2013-02-07 Documentation was updated.</Description>
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			Additional information regarding the General Social Surveys can be found at the <a href="http://www.gss.norc.org">General Social Survey (GSS) Web site</a> and the <a href="http://www.ropercenter.uconn.edu/data_access/data/datasets/general_social_survey.html">Roper Center Web site</a>.
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