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    <Citation xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1">
        <Title>Metadata record for Polity II: Political Structures and Regime Change, 1800-1986</Title>
        <Creator>ICPSR</Creator>
        <Copyright>
        ICPSR metadata records are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 
        3.0 United States License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/).
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            <Title>Polity II: Political Structures and Regime Change, 1800-1986</Title>
 				
	    	
				<Creator xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1" affiliation="Unknown">Gurr, Ted Robert</Creator>
	    	
	    	<Publisher>Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research</Publisher>
  			<Contributor role="distributor">ICPSR</Contributor>
   			<PublicationDate>
    			<SimpleDate>2006-01-18</SimpleDate>
   			</PublicationDate>
   			<InternationalIdentifier xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1" type="ICPSR Number">9263</InternationalIdentifier>
   			<InternationalIdentifier xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1" type="DOI">doi://10.3886/ICPSR09263.v1</InternationalIdentifier>
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        <Abstract isIdentifiable="true" id="Abstract09263">
            <Content xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1">
            <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" id="Summary09263">Carried out under the auspices of the Data Development for 
 International Research (DDIR) project, POLITY II was designed to 
 develop longitudinal indicators of political structures and regime 
 change. This file encompasses most member states of the international 
 system from 1800 to 1986, and consists of annual codings of regimes' 
 structural characteristics, institutional changes, and the 
 directionality of changes on underlying dimensions of democracy, 
autocracy, and power concentration.</div>
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   							<GrantNumber>SES-8610567</GrantNumber>
   						
    				
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      		<Subject codeListAgency="TPDRC">TPDRC.I</Subject>
      	
      		<Subject codeListAgency="IDRC">IDRC.I</Subject>
      	
      		<Subject codeListAgency="IDRC">IDRC.III</Subject>
      	
      		<Subject codeListAgency="ICPSR">ICPSR.XVI.B</Subject>
      	
		
      		<Keyword>military regimes</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>political change</Keyword>
      	
      		<Keyword>political systems</Keyword>
      	
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				Global
			
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    <ReferenceDate>
		
				
      		<StartDate>1800</StartDate>
      		<EndDate>1986</EndDate>
			
			
      		
    </ReferenceDate>
    
     
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	    		<KindOfData>aggregate data</KindOfData>
	    	


        
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   <UniverseScheme id="UniverseScheme09263">
	    	
    <Universe id="Universe09263_1">
     <HumanReadable>Annual observations from 1800 to 1986 of 20 historical 
 countries and 132 contemporary countries encompassing virtually all 
 independent countries with populations of one million or more in the 
1980s.</HumanReadable>
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   <CollectionEvent id="CollectionEvent09263_1">
    
    <DataSource>
     <SourceDescription>
     
    		Political characteristics were derived from a wide 
 variety of historical and contemporary sources, including Banks, Arthur 
 S. CROSS-NATIONAL TIME-SERIES DATA FILE. Binghamton, New York: Center 
 for Comparative Political Research, State University of New York, 1986. 
 Fiscal data were culled from the following sources: (1) Mitchell, B.R. 
 EUROPEAN HISTORICAL STATISTICS, 1750-1970. New York: Columbia 
 University Press, 1976. (2) Mitchell, B.R. INTERNATIONAL HISTORICAL 
 STATISTICS: AFRICA AND ASIA. New York: New York University Press, 1982. 
 (3) Mitchell, B.R. INTERNATIONAL HISTORICAL STATISTICS: THE AMERICAS 
 AND AUSTRALASIA. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1983. (4) THE EUROPA 
 YEARBOOK: A WORLD SURVEY. London: Europa Publications Limited, annual 
(1969-1988).
    	
    </SourceDescription>
    </DataSource>
    
		<DataCollectionDate>
 		
				
      		<StartDate xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1">1986</StartDate>
      		<EndDate xmlns="ddi:reusable:3_1">1989</EndDate>
			
			
      		
      		</DataCollectionDate>

    


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                <Restrictions>
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                		Copies of pre-publication papers using the POLITY II 
 dataset should be sent to the authors of the related publication cited 
below.
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					AVAILABLE.  This study is freely available to the general public.
                
                  
                

</div>

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      <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" id="AccessConditions09263-disclaimer">
The original collector of the data, ICPSR, and the relevant funding agency bear no 
                responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
                </div>

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    <Organization id="ICPSR" xmlns="ddi:archive:3_1">
     <OrganizationName xmlns="ddi:archive:3_1">Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Rearch</OrganizationName>
     <Nickname>ICPSR</Nickname>
     <Location id="LocationICPSR">
      <Address>
       <City>Ann Arbor</City>
       <State>MI</State>
      </Address>
     </Location>
     <URL>http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/</URL>
     <Email>netmail@icpsr.umich.edu</Email>
    </Organization>

 				
    				
						<Organization xmlns="ddi:archive:3_1" id="Organization09263_1">
   							<OrganizationName xmlns="ddi:archive:3_1">National Science Foundation</OrganizationName>
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             <SimpleDate>2006-01-18</SimpleDate>
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             <Description>2006-01-18 File CB9263.PDF was removed from any previous datasets and flagged as a study-level file, so that it will accompany all downloads.</Description>
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			This collection succeeds an earlier study by the 
 principal investigator and Erica Gurr titled POLITY DATA: PERSISTENCE 
 AND CHANGE IN POLITICAL SYSTEMS, 1800-1971 (ICPSR 5010). Each case 
 represents a country-year observation. The data contain blanks and 
other nonnumeric codes.
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