Metadata record for Street Gangs and Drug Sales in Pasadena and Pomona, California, 1989-1991 Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research ICPSR metadata records are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 United States License . 2013-05-25 Street Gangs and Drug Sales in Pasadena and Pomona, California, 1989-1991 06255 10.3886/ICPSR06255.v2 Maxson, Cheryl L. Klein, Malcolm W. Cunningham, Lea C. United States Department of Justice. Office of Justice Programs. National Institute of Justice 91-IJ-CX-K010 Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research 1995-06-05 2006-01-12 2006-01-12 All files were removed from dataset 3 and flagged as study-level files, so that they will accompany all downloads. 2005-11-04 2005-11-04 On 2005-03-14 new files were added to one or more datasets. These files included additional setup files as well as one or more of the following: SAS program, SAS transport, SPSS portable, and Stata system files. The metadata record was revised 2005-11-04 to reflect these additions. 1995-06-05 1995-06-05 The codebook was converted to machine-readable (PDF) format. Maxson, Cheryl L., Malcolm W. Klein, and Lea C. Cunningham. STREET GANGS AND DRUG SALES IN PASADENA AND POMONA, CALIFORNIA, 1989-1991. 2nd ICPSR version. Los Angeles, CA: Cheryl L. Maxson, Malcolm W. Klein, and Lea C. Cunningham [producers], 1992. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2001. doi:10.3886/ICPSR06255.v2 arrest records drug traffic gang members gangs suburbs urban areas ICPSR.XVII.E NACJD.XI These data were collected to explore connections between street gangs and drug distribution. The research objectives for this study were (1) to assess the magnitude of gang involvement in cocaine and other drug sales in two suburban cities, (2) to compare the characteristics of gang-involved drug sale incidents with those without gang involvement, (3) to assess the generalizability of findings on cocaine to other drugs, and from urban to more suburban settings, and (4) to translate the implications of the research findings into the development of law enforcement strategies. Law enforcement arrest records and gang membership records were obtained for two study sites, Pasadena and Pomona, California. Part 1, the incident-level file, supplies information on arrest incidents qualifying as drug sales. Variables in the file include presence at arrest of violence, guns, cash, and drugs, types of charges, gang characteristics of the incident, racial/ethnic makeup of arrestees, gender of arrestees, and gang affiliation of arrestees. Part 2, the participant-level file, supplies data on each participant in each incident. Variables in this file include gender, ethnicity, gang membership status, and charges. This study was conducted to explore connections between street gangs and drug distribution. Most sources (including law enforcement opinion) suggest a strong connection, with increases in violence as a side effect. No such connection was found in earlier research, but the emergence of "crack" cocaine and subsequent law enforcement beliefs in a strong link between gangs and crack distribution led to the initiation of this study. The research objectives for this study were (1) to assess the magnitude of gang involvement in cocaine and other drug sales in two suburban cities, (2) to compare the characteristics of gang-involved drug sale incidents with those without gang involvement, (3) to assess the generalizability of findings on cocaine to other drugs, and from urban to more suburban settings, and (4) to translate the implications of the research findings into the development of law enforcement strategies. Law enforcement arrest records and gang membership records were obtained for two study sites, Pasadena and Pomona, California. At each site, researchers were given a computer-generated list of all suspects arrested for drug sale offenses between 1989 and 1991, along with co-arrestees charged with incident-related offenses. If the type of drug was not clarified by the arrest code or drug evidence listed, case records were checked in order to categorize incidents as cocaine-involved or not. Cases including the sales of other drugs in addition to cocaine were categorized as cocaine sales. Teams of trained, supervised students extracted information relevant to the incident from case file material. Variables in the incident-level file include presence at arrest of violence, guns, cash, and drugs, types of charges, gang characteristics of the incident, racial/ethnic makeup of arrestees, gender of arrestees, and gang affiliation of arrestees. Variables in the participant-level file include gender, ethnicity, gang membership status, and charges. 1989 1991 1992 California Pasadena Pomona United States Part 1: The arrest incident. Part 2: The individual. Cities in the United States with populations of 100,000-300,000 that reported the onset of gangs prior to 1981. administrative records data Pasadena and Pomona were selected from a pool of cities with populations of 100,000-300,000 that had reported the existence of gangs prior to 1981. All drug sale incidents in the two selected cities from 1989 to 1991 were included, as were all suspects arrested for these offenses, and their co-arrestees. Incidents were coded as cocaine or non-cocaine, gang or non-gang. Up to 100 cases in each of the four groups were sampled randomly from the list constructed for each city. arrest records and gang membership files

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Performed consistency checks.Checked for undocumented or out-of-range codes. The codebook is provided by ICPSR as a Portable Document Format (PDF) file. The PDF file format was developed by Adobe Systems Incorporated and can be accessed using PDF reader software, such as the Adobe Acrobat Reader. Information on how to obtain a copy of the Acrobat Reader is provided on the ICPSR Web site. Not applicable. No scales were used. Ann Arbor, Mi.: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research Additional special permissions, where applicable, are described in the restrictions field.

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AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public.

 The original collector of the data, ICPSR, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses. Incident-Level Data Participant-Level Data SAS Data Definition Statements for Incident-Level Data SAS Data Definition Statements for Participant-Level Data