1 FAMILY BUDGET STUDY: MASSACHUSETTS, 1874 (ICPSR 9032) Principal Investigator John Modell Carnegie-Mellon University First ICPSR Edition 1983 Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research P.O. Box 1248 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 [Hard copy documentation transformed into machine-readable text utilizing Optical Character Recognition (OCR) Scanning, September 1990] 1 1 BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION, ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF ASSISTANCE AND DATA DISCLAIMER All manuscripts utilizing data made available through the Consortium should acknowledge that fact as well as identify the original collector of the data. In order to get such source acknowledgment listed in social science bibliographic utilities, it is necessary to present them in the form of a footnote or a reference. The bibliographic citation for this data collection is: Modell, John. FAMILY BUDGET STUDY: MASSACHUSETTS, 1874 [Computer file]. Compiled by John Modell, Carnegie-Mellon University. ICPSR ed. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [producer and distributor], 1983. The ICPSR Council urges all users of the ICPSR data facilities to follow some adaptation of the following assistance/disclaimer statement, with the parentheses indicating items to be filled in appropriately or deleted by the individual user. The data (and tabulations) utilized in this (publication) were made available (in part) by the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. The data for FAMILY BUDGET STUDY: MASSACHUSETTS, 1874 were originally collected by John Modell. Neither the collector of the original data nor the Consortium bears any responsibility for the analyses or interpretations presented here. In order to provide funding agencies with essential information about the use of archival resources and to facilitate the exchange of information about ICPSR participants' research activities, each user of the ICPSR data facilities is expected to send two copies of each completed manuscript or thesis abstract to the Consortium. Please indicate in the cover letter which data were used. 1 1 DATA COLLECTION DESCRIPTION Modell, John; FAMILY BUDGET STUDY: MASSACHUSETTS, 1874 (ICPSR 9032) This historical data collection was derived from interviews conducted in 1874 by the Massachusetts Department of Labor Statistics with 397 working-class families in Massachusetts. The purpose of the investigation was to examine the large-scale social changes brought about by industrialization through analysis of annual family budgets. Families chosen for the investigation were those willing to provide information about their expenses in the prior year; interviews were conducted with the workingmen employed in the "chief occupations" in each of thirty-six localities around the state of Massachusetts. The dataset includes information on the demographic characteristics of the household, the occupation of the head of household, and income earned by each of the wage-earners in the household. Also contained are the ethnicity of the household, characteristics of the dwelling unit, details about the family structure and household furnishings, budgeted items for various expenditures, health of the family, and foods eaten. The data are contained in one file consisting of 397 cases, with each case representing a household. There are 52 variables contained in the collection. Class II Related Publication: John Modell; "Patterns of Consumption, Acculturation, and Family Income Strategies in Late-Nineteenth Century America," in Tamara F. Hareven and Maris Vinovskis (eds.) FAMILY AND POPULATION IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY AMERICA. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1978. 1 1 ICPSR 9032 Page 1 CODEBOOK Variable Code Number Frequency Value Code Description Location -------- --------- ----- ---------------- -------- 1 ICPSR Study Number: 9032 Columns 1-4 2 Identification Number Columns 5-7 3 Occupation of Head of Household Columns 8-9 2 01 Blacksmith 4 02 Boot Maker 2 03 Bricklayer 1 04 Cabinet Maker 45 05 Carpenter 1 06 Carriage Painter 1 07 Carriage Smith 1 08 Carriage Trimmer 3 09 Cigar Maker 1 10 Currier 2 11 Cutlery Works Laborer 2 12 Dresser in Mill 4 13 Fisherman 1 14 Furniture Maker 3 15 Hatter 3 16 Iron Moulder 4 17 Iron Roller 1 18 Iron Worker 4 19 Iron Works Laborer 2 20 Jeweller 4 21 Laborer for Builders 1 22 Laborer in Blanket Mill 1 23 Laborer in Carriage Shop 39 24 Laborer in Mill 1 25 Laborer in Paper Mill 1 26 Laborer in Print Works 8 27 Laborer in Shop 1 28 Laborer in Whip Factory 3 29 Laborer on Streets 5 30 Laborer on Wharf 1 31 Laborer Ship Yard 81 32 Laborer Outdoor 9 33 Machine Shop Laborer 41 34 Machinist 4 35 Mason 7 36 Mechanic 1 37 Metalworker 1 Page 2 ICPSR 9032 Code Number Frequency Value Code Description Location -------- --------- ----- ---------------- -------- Occupation of Head of Household (continued) 2 38 Mill Hand 2 39 Morocco Dresser 1 40 Nailmaker 4 41 Overseer in Mill 2 42 Painter 2 43 Plasterer 2 44 Quarryman 1 45 Rolling Mill Laborer 11 46 Section Hand in Mill 1 47 Ship Carpenter 1 48 Shoe Channeller 2 49 Shoe Cutter 3 50 Shoe Laster 22 51 Shoemaker 3 52 Shoe Trimmer 2 53 Shoreman 1 54 Slasher in Mill 1 55 Spare-Hand in Mill 8 56 Spinner 1 57 Stair Builder 3 58 Stone Cutter 6 59 Teamster 1 60 Watchmaker 10 61 Weaver 3 62 Whip Maker 1 63 Tanner 1 74 Boiler Maker 4 75 Cutler 1 76 Engine Builder 4 Ethnicity of Household Column 10 125 1 American 0 2 Danish 80 3 English 2 4 French 29 5 French-Canadian 26 6 German 133 7 Irish 2 8 Scottish 1 ICPSR 9032 Page 3 Variable Code Number Frequency Value Code Description Location -------- --------- ----- ---------------- -------- 5 Number of Wage-Earners in Household Column 11 138 1 One 179 2 Two 77 3 Three 3 4 Four 6 Income Earned by Head of Household in His/Her Primary Job Columns 12-14 1-998 Actual Dollar Income Coded 999 $1,000 7 Second Household Income Columns 15-17 1-999 Actual Dollar Income Coded. 133 0 Only One Wage Earner in Household And Only One Source of Income [Designated as "missing data"] 8 Relation of Second Income Earner to Head of Household Column 18 133 0 No Second Income Listed [Designated as "missing data"] 12 1 Second Job Held by Head of Household 13 2 Income of Wife 77 3 Income of Daughter 162 4 Income of Son 9 Age of Second Income Earner, if Daughter or Son Column 19 157 0 Does not apply (i.e. Income Coded in Variable 7 Is Earned by The Head of Household Moonlighting, or by His Wife) [Designated as "missing data"] 2 1 11 Years or Younger 20 2 12 Years 34 3 13 Years 47 4 14 Years 46 5 15 Years 59 6 16 Years 28 7 17 Years 2 8 18 Years 2 9 19 Years and Over 1 Page 4 ICPSR 9032 Variable Code Number Frequency Value Code Description Location -------- --------- ----- ---------------- -------- 10 Third Household Income Columns 20-22 1-999 Actual Dollar Income Coded. 316 0 Two or Fewer Wage Earners in House- hold [Designated as "missing data"] 11 Relation of Third Income Earner to Head of Household Column 23 316 0 No Second Income Listed [Designated as "missing data"] 0 1 Second Job Held by Head of Household 0 2 Income of Wife 10 3 Income of Daughter 71 4 Income of Son 12 Age of Third Income Earner, if Daughter or Son Column 24 316 0 Does not apply (i.e. Income Coded in Variable 7 Is Earned by The Head of Household Moonlighting or by His Wife) [Designated as "missing data"] 8 1 11 Years or Younger 14 2 12 Years 19 3 13 Years 29 4 14 Years 8 5 15 Years 1 6 16 Years 2 7 17 Years 0 8 18 Years 0 9 19 Years and Over 13 Fourth Household Income Columns 25-27 1-999 Actual Dollar Income Coded. 393 0 Three or Fewer Wage Earners in House- hold [Designated as "missing data"] 1 ICPSR 9032 Page 5 Variable Code Number Frequency Value Code Description Location -------- --------- ----- ---------------- -------- 14 Relation of Fourth Income Earner to Head of Household Column 28 393 0 No Fourth Income Listed [Designated as "missing data"] 0 1 Second Job Held by Head of Household 0 2 Income of Wife 0 3 Income of Daughter 4 4 Income of Son 15 Age of Fourth Income Earner, if Daughter or Son Column 29 393 0 Does not apply (i.e. Income Coded in Variable 7 Is Earned by the Head of Household Moonlighting, or by His Wife) [Designated as "missing data"] 2 1 11 Years or Younger 1 2 12 Years 0 3 13 Years 1 4 14 Years 0 5 15 Years 0 6 16 Years 0 7 17 Years 0 8 18 Years 0 9 19 Years and Over 16 Months that Head of Household is Mentioned as Being Out of Work Column 30 381 0 No Mention [Designated as "missing data"] 1 1 1 Month or Less 1 2 2 Months 7 3 3 Months 4 4 4 Months 1 5 5 Months 0 6 6 Months 0 7 7 Months 2 8 8 Months 0 9 9 Months or More 1 Page 6 ICPSR 9032 Variable Code Number Frequency Value Code Description Location -------- --------- ----- ---------------- -------- 17 Number of Children in Household Column 31 4 0 None 27 1 One 93 2 Two 120 3 Three 102 4 Four 42 5 Five 9 6 Six 18 Family Structure Column 32 391 1 Father, Mother, Children 4 2 Man and Wife, No Children 1 3 Widower with Children 0 4 Widower with Children and Servant 1 5 Father, Mother, Children, and Servant 19 Age of Youngest Child in Household, in Years Columns 33-34 1 00 Newborn 78 01 One Year Old 63 02 . 63 03 . 50 04 . 24 05 . 46 06 . 25 07 . 23 08 . 7 09 . 4 10 . 1 11 . 3 12 . 0 13 . 1 14 Fourteen Years Old 8 99 No Children Mentioned [Designated as "missing data"] 1 ICPSR 9032 Page 7 Variable Code Number Frequency Value Code Description Location -------- --------- ----- ---------------- -------- 20 Age of Oldest Child in Household, in Years Columns 35-36 5 00 Newborn 0 01 One Year Old 1 02 . 4 03 . 15 04 . 5 05 . 11 06 . 20 07 . 9 08 . 21 09 . 12 10 . 8 11 . 32 12 . 43 13 . 53 14 . 44 15 . 64 16 . 32 17 . 2 18 . 1 19 Nineteen Years Old 15 99 No Mention [Designated as -missing data"] 21 Number of Children in School Full Time Column 37 62 0 None 155 1 One 154 2 Two 23 3 Three 3 4 Four 22 Number of Children in School Part Time Column 38 388 0 None 6 1 One 3 2 Two 1 Page 8 ICPSR 9032 Variable Code Number Frequency Value Code Description Location -------- --------- ----- ---------------- -------- 23 Housing Type Column 39 379 1 Tenement 4 2 Owns Own House 3 3 Cottage 2 4 Company House 4 5 Boards 4 6 Suburban Tenement 0 7 Suburban House 1 9 No Mention [Designated as "missing data"] 24 Number of Rooms Occupied by Family Column 40 2 0 No Mention [Designated as "missing data"] 1 1 One 2 2 Two 15 3 Three 152 4 Four 147 5 Five 73 6 Six 5 7 Seven 25 Real Estate Owned by Family Column 41 390 0 No Mention [Designated as "missing data"] 3 1 Home 0 2 Tenement 2 3 Garden 1 4 Farm 1 5 Property Type Not Specified 26 Convenience of Locality Column 42 367 No Mention [Designated as "missing data"] 1 1 5 Minutes from Work or Less 6 2 5-10 Minutes 19 3 10-15 Minutes 2 4 15-20 Minutes 2 5 More than 20 Minutes 1 ICPSR 9032 Page 9 Variable Code Number Frequency Value Code Description Location -------- --------- ----- ---------------- -------- 27 Locality/Neighborhood/Part of Town, etc. Adjectives Describing This Aspect Should Be Rated by The Coder on a 1-9 Scale, where 1 Is The Worst of all 397 Cases, and 9 Is The Best. 0 Should Be Entered if No Mention Is Made by The Interviewer. Column 43 74 0 No Mention [Designated as "missing data"] 26 1 Worst 19 2 . 31 3 . 13 4 . 23 5 . 74 6 . 85 7 . 41 8 . 11 9 Best 28 Surroundings/Condition of The Housing Column 44 Coded as in Variable 27 48 0 No Mention [Designated as "missing data"] 26 1 Worst 25 2 . 32 3 . 7 4 . 37 5 . 72 6 . 106 7 . 40 8 . 4 9 Best 29 Sanitation of Housing Column 45 Coded as in Variable 27 261 0 No Mention [Designated as "missing data"] 17 1 Worst 15 2 . 19 3 . 7 4 . 11 5 . 6 6 . 35 7 . 15 8 . 3 9 Best 1 Page 10 ICPSR 9032 Variable Code Number Frequency Value Code Description Location -------- --------- ----- ---------------- -------- 30 Garden Column 46 359 0 No Mention [Designated as "missing data"] 5 1 Vegetable Garden 11 2 Flower Garden 20 3 Garden Mentioned, but Type Not Specified 2 4 Vegetable and Flower Garden 31 Furnishing of Housing Column 47 17 0 No Mention [Designated as "missing data"] 68 1 Poor 8 2 Poor but Clean 79 3 Moderately Well Furnished 225 4 Good Furnishings 32 Carpeting in Housing Column 48 191 0 No Mention [Designated as "missing data"] 142 1 Partly Carpeted 50 2 Fully Carpeted 14 3 Carpet Mentioned, but No Specific Degree Given 33 Sewing Machine in Household Column 49 263 0 No Mention [Designated as "missing data"] 134 1 Has a Sewing Machine 34 Piano or Organ in Household Column 50 350 0 No Mention [Designated as "missing data"] 47 1 Has a Piano or Organ 35 Other Possessions Mentioned by Interviewer Column 51 360 0 No Mention [Designated as "missing data"] 37 1 Mentioned 1 ICPSR 9032 Page 11 Variable Code Number Frequency Value Code Description Location -------- --------- ----- ---------------- -------- 36 Dress of Family Column 52 18 0 No Mention [Designated as "missing data"] 69 1 Poor 6 2 Poor but Clean 32 3 Moderately Well Dressed 272 4 Family Dresses Well 37 Health of Family Column 53 367 0 No Mention [Designated as "missing data"] 5 1 General Family Health Poor 3 2 Two or More Members in Poor Health 4 3 One Member in Poor Health 18 4 All Members in Good Health 38 Savings/Dissavings Column 54 318 0 No Mention [Designated as "missing data"] 15 1 Family Has Debts 64 2 Family Has Savings 39 Church Attendance Column 55 284 0 No Mention [Designated as "missing data"] 1 1 Some Member(s) Attends 112 2 Family Attends 40 Number of Meals in Which Fresh Meat (Not to Include Fish or Salted Meat) Occurs in The Family's Diet Column 56 34 0 Less than One Meal Per Day 158 1 Once Per Day 177 2 Twice Per Day 26 3 Three Times Per Day 2 9 No Mention [Designated as "missing data"] 1 Page 12 ICPSR 9032 Variable Code Number Frequency Value Code Description Location -------- --------- ----- ---------------- -------- 41 Number of Meals in Which "Vegetables" (Not to Include Potatoes or Cabbage) Occur in The Family's Diet Column 57 170 0 Less than One Meal Per Day 218 1 Once Per Day 7 2 Twice Per Day 0 3 Three Times Per Day 2 9 No Mention [Designated as "missing data"] 42 Number of Meals in Which Sweets (Cake, Pie, Etc.) Occur in the Family's Diet Column 58 91 0 Less than One Meal Per Day 70 1 Once Per Day 65 2 Twice Per Day 169 3 Three Times Per Day 2 9 No Mention [Designated as "missing data"] 43 Family Cost of Living Columns 59-62 000 Actual Dollar Amount Coded 44 Expenditures for Rent Columns 63-65 000 Actual Dollar Amount Coded No Mention [Designated as "missing data"] 45 Expenditures for Groceries, Fish, and Milk Columns 66-68 Actual Dollar Amount Coded 999 R is a Boarder or No Mention [Designated as "missing data"] 46 Expenditures for Meat Columns 69-71 Actual Dollar Amount Coded 999 R is a Boarder or No Mention [Designated as "missing data"] 1 ICPSR 9032 Page 13 Variable Code Number Frequency Value Code Description Location -------- --------- ----- ---------------- -------- 47 Expenditures for Shoes and Clothing Columns 72-74 000 Actual Dollar Amount Coded 48 Expenditures for Physician and Medicine Columns 75-76 00 No Mention [Designated as "missing data"] 49 Religious Contributions Column 77 265 0 No Mention [Designated as "missing data"] 132 1 Religious Contribution Listed 50 Contribution to Societies Column 78 263 0 Not Mentioned [Designated as "missing data"] 134 1 Contribution to Societies Listed 51 Expenditures for Books and Papers Column 79 134 0 Not Mentioned [Designated as "missing data"] 263 1 Expenditures for Books and Papers Listed 52 Tax Payments of Any Type Column 80 393 0 Not Mentioned [Designated as "missing data"] 4 1 Tax Payment of Some Type Listed