1 UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT JUSTICES BIOGRAPHICAL DATA, 1789-1958 (ICPSR 7240) Principal Investigator John R. Schmidhauser First ICPSR Release 1972 Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research P.O. Box 1248 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 (Hard copy documentation transformed into machine-readable text utilizing Optical Character Recognition (OCR) Scanning, January 1993) 1 1 BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION Publications based on ICPSR data collections should acknowledge those sources by means of bibliographic citations. To ensure that such source attributions are captured for social science bibliographic utilities, citations must appear in footnotes or in the reference section of publications. The bibliographic citation for this data collection is: STUDYNO = 07240 Schmidhauser, John R. UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT JUSTICES BIOGRAPHICAL DATA, 1789-1958 [Computer file]. Compiled by John R. Schmidhauser, University of Iowa. ICPSR ed. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [producer and distributor], 1972. REQUEST FOR INFORMATION ON USE OF ICPSR RESOURCES To provide funding agencies with essential information about use of archival resources and to facilitate the exchange of information about ICPSR participants' research activities, users of ICPSR data are requested to send to ICPSR bibliographic citations for each completed manuscript or thesis abstract. Please indicate in a cover letter which data were used. DATA DISCLAIMER The original collector of the data, ICPSR, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for uses of this collection or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses. 1 1 STUDY DESCRIPTION BIOGRAPHICAL DATA ON THE NINETY-TWO SUPREME COURT JUSTICES APPOINTED BETWEEN 1789 AND 1958 WERE GATHERED BY JOHN R. SCHMIDHAUSER OF THE UNIVERSITY OF IOWA IN 1958. INTEREST IN THIS BACKGROUND INFORMATION REFLECTS A 20TH CENTURY ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF THE SUBJECTIVE, AS WELL AS THE TRADITIONALLY APPROVED MECHANISTIC, ELEMENTS PRESENT IN THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS EVEN ON THE HIGHEST COURT IN THE UNITED STATES. THE STUDY RECORDS SUCH PERSONAL DATA AS PLACE OF BIRTH, EDUCATION, POLITICAL AS WELL AS NON-POLITICAL OCCUPA- TION, LEGAL AND JUDICIAL EXPERIENCE, AGE AT THE TIME OF SUPREME COURT APPOINTMENT, ETHNIC BACKGROUND, AND RELIGIOUS AFFILIATION. OTHER BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON EACH JUSTICE INCLUDES HIS PARTY IDENTIFICATION, HIS REPUTATION AS A FREQUENT DISSENTER, AND THE STATE FROM WHICH HE WAS APPOINTED. VARIOUS ASPECTS OF FAMILY BACKGROUND -- SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC STATUS, PATERNAL OCCUPATION, AND FAMILIAL TRADITIONS OF JUDICIAL SERVICE -- ARE ALSO EXPLORED. INTERPRETATION AND ELABORATION OF THE RAW BIOGRAPHICAL DATA ACCUMULATED IN THIS STUDY ARE AVAILABLE IN JOHN R. SCHMIDHAUSER'S ARTICLE "THE JUSTICES OF THE SUPREME COURT - A COLLECTIVE PORTRAIT", MIDWEST JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE, VOLUME 3 (FEBRUARY 1959), NO. PROCESSING INFORMATION THE STUDY WAS PROCESSED ACCORDING TO ICPSR STANDARD PROCES- SING PROCEDURES. WHERE APPLICABLE THE CODE CATEGORIES WERE RECODED TO CONFORM TO ICPSR STANDARDIZED CODES. THE DATA WERE CHECKED FOR INCONSISTENT AND ILLEGAL CODES. THESE WERE CORRECTED. CODEBOOK INFORMATION THE EXAMPLE BELOW IS A REPRODUCTION (NOT ACTUAL SIZE) OF INFORMATION APPEARING IN THE MACHINE-READABLE CODEBOOK FOR A TYPICAL VARIABLE. THE NUMBERS IN PARENTHESES DO NOT APPEAR IN THE CODEBOOK, BUT ARE REFERENCES TO THE DESCRIPTIONS WHICH FOLLOW THIS EXAMPLE. ................................................................. (1) VAR 0016 (1) REF 0016 (2) DATA SET ID=`7240` (3) TYP LWYR BFR JDCL APTMNT (4) MD=0 OR GE 7 (5) ------------ (6) LOC 30 WIDTH 1 (7) DK 1 COL 30 (8) ---------- 1 Page 2 ICPSR 7240 (9) TYPE OF LAWYER BEFORE JUDICIAL APPOINTMENT .................................... (10) --------------------- (11) --------------------- (12) (13) (14) 55 1. LAWYER WHO WAS PRIMARILY POLITICIAN 2. LAWYER IN GENERAL PRACTICE 29 3. PRIMARILY CORPORATION OR BUSINESS LAWYER 4 4. PRIMARILY ADADEMICIAN 4 5. ENGAGED IN JUDICIAL ADMINISTRATION (I.E., COURT CLERK, ETC.) 7. NONE OF THESE, OTHER 0. NOT LAWYER AT ALL ................................................................. 1. INDICATES THE VARIABLE AND REFERENCE NUMBERS. A VARIABLE AND A REFERENCE NUMBER ARE ASSIGNED TO EACH ITEM IN THE STUDY. IN THE PRESENT CODEBOOK, WHICH DOCUMENTS THE ARCHIVED DATASET, THESE NUMBERS ARE IDENTICAL. SHOULD THE DATA BE SUBSETTED OR REARRANGED BY AN OSIRIS PROGRAM (E.G., MMP2 TO INTERSPERSE DATA FROM ANOTHER SOURCE, OR TCOT2 TO PRODUCE AN ANALYSIS DECK), THE VARIABLE NUMBERS WOULD CHANGE TO REFLECT THE ORDER OF THE NEW DATASET, WHILE THE REFERENCE NUMBERS WOULD REMAIN UNCHANGED TO REFLECT THE VARIABLE NUMBER IN THE CODEBOOK DESCRIBING THE ARCHIVED DATASET. 2. INDICATES THE FOUR COLUMN ICSPR STUDY IDENTIFICATION NUMBER UNIQUE TO THIS DATASET. 3. INDICATES THE ABBREVIATED (24 CHARACTERS MAXIMUM) VARIABLE NAME USED WITHIN THE OSIRIS SYSTEM TO IDENTIFY THE VARIABLE FOR THE USER. AN EXPANDED VERSION OF THESE NAMES CAN BE FOUND IN THE TABLE OF CONTENTS. 4. INDICATES THE DESIGNATION OF MISSING DATA. IN THIS EXAMPLE CODE VALUES EQUAL TO ZERO AND THOSE GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO SEVEN ARE MISSING DATA (MD=0 OR GE 7). ALTERNATIVE STATEMENTS FOR OTHER VARIABLES ARE OF THE FORM "MD=0", "MD=GE 8",OR "NO MISSING DATA CODES". SOME ANALYSIS SOFTWARE PACKAGES (INCLUDING THE ICPSR-SUPPORTED PACKAGE) REQUIRE THAT CERTAIN TYPES OF DATA WHICH THE USER DESIRES TO EXCLUDE FROM ANALYSIS BE DESIGNATED AS "MISSING DATA", E.G., 1 ICPSR 7240 Page 3 INAPPROPRIATE, UNASCERTAINED, UNASCERTAINABLE OR AMBIGUOUS DATA CATEGORIES. ALTHOUGH THESE CATEGORIES ARE DEFINED AS MISSING DATA CATEGORIES, THIS DOES NOT MEAN THAT A USER SHOULD NOT OR CANNOT USE THESE CODES IN A SUBSTANTIVE ROLE IF HE SO DESIRES. 5. A MULTIPLE RESPONSE VARIABLE IS DENOTED BY THE MESSAGE, "MULT RESPS X", WHERE X IS THE NUMBER OF RESPONSES. 6. INDICATES THE STARTING LOCATION AND WIDTH OF THIS VARIABLE WHEN THE DATA ARE STORED ON A MAGNETIC TAPE IN THE OSIRIS FORMAT. 7. INDICATES THE LOCATION BY DECK AND COLUMN(S) OF THIS VARIABLE WHEN THE DATA ARE ON CARDS OR IN CARD IMAGE FORM (EITHER 80 OR 84 COLUMN FORMAT) 8. A VARIABLE CONTAINING DATA WITH IMPLIED DECIMALS IS DENOTED BY THE MESSAGE "XX DEC PLACE(S)", WHERE XX IS THE NUMBER OF DECIMAL PLACES IMPLIED (NOT PUNCHED) IN THE VARIABLE. 9. INDICATES THE FULL TEXT (QUESTION) SUPPLIED BY THE INVESTIGATOR TO DESCRIBE THE VARIABLE. 10. INDICATES AN ADDITIONAL COMMENT OR EXPLANATION APPENDED TO THE VARIABLE DESCRIPTION. 11. A VARIABLE WHICH HAS A FOOTNOTE ASSOCIATED WITH IT IS DENOTED BY THE MESSAGE, "SEE NOTE(S) X", WHERE X IS THE NUMBER OF THE FOOTNOTE REFERENCED. 12. INDICATES THE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF EACH CODE VALUE. FREQUENCIES FOR MULTIPLE RESPONSE VARIABLES ARE CUMULATIVE. 13. INDICATES THE CODE VALUES OCCURRING IN THE DATA FOR THIS VARIABLE. 14. INDICATES THE TEXTUAL DEFINITIONS OF THE CODES. 1 Page 4 ICPSR 7240 CONTENTS VAR. PAGE NO. NO. 1 ICPSR STUDY NUMBER-7240 5 2 JUSTICE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER 3 PARTY IDENTIFICATION 7 4 REPUTATION AS FREQUENT DISSENTER 5 STATE APPOINTED FROM * 8 6 ETHNIC BACKGROUND * 9 7 RELIGIOUS AFFILIATION 10 8 PATERNAL OCCUPATION (NON-POLITICAL) 11 9 PATERNAL OCCUPATION (POLITICAL) 10 JUSTICE'S OCCUPATION (NON-POLITICAL) 12 11 JUSTICE'S OCCUPATION (POLITICAL) 12 PLACE OF BIRTH 13 13 SIZE OF TOWN WHERE BORN 14 NON-LEGAL EDUCATION 14 15 LEGAL EDUCATION 16 TYPE/LAWYER BEFORE COURT APPOINTMENT 17 JUDICIAL EXPERIENCE 18 EXTENT/JUDICIAL EXPERIENCE 15 19 FAMILY'S JUDICIAL SERVICE 20 PARENTS' SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC STATUS 16 21 AGE AT APPOINTMENT * INDICATES ICPSR STANDARDIZED CODE 1 ICPSR 7240 Page 5 VAR 0001 REF 0001 DATA SET ID-`7240` NAME-STUDY NUMBER (7240) NO MISSING DATA CODES LOC 1 WIDTH 4 DK 1 COL 1- 4 ICPR STUDY NUMBER (7240) ......................... VAR 0002 REF 0002 DATA SET ID-`7240' NAME-JUSTICE ID NUMBER NO MISSING DATA CODES LOC 5 WIDTH 2 DK 1 COL 5- 6 JUSTICE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER ................... .......... MAJOR SOURCES FOR SOCIAL BACKGROUND STUDY OF THE MEMBERSHIP OF THE SUPREME COURT (1789-1958), IN ORDER OF THEIR APPOINTMENT. JUSTICE NAME DATES OF SERVICE 01. JOHN JAY 1789-1795 02. JOHN RUTLEDGE 1789-1791, 1795 03. WILLIAM CUSHING 1789-1810 04. JAMES WILSON 1789-1798 05. JOHN BLAIR 1789-1796 06. JAMES IREDELL 1790-1799 07. THOMAS JOHNSON 1791-1793 08. WILLIAM PATERSON 1793-1806 09. SAMUEL CHASE 1796-1811 10. OLIVER ELLSWORTH 1796-1800 11. BUSHROD WASHINGTON 1798-1829 12. ALFRED MOORE 1799-1804 13. JOHN MARSHALL 1801-1835 14. WILLIAM JOHNSON 1804-1834 15. HENRY BROCKHOLST LIVINGSTON 1806-1823 16. THOMAS TODD 1807-1826 17. GABRIEL DUVAL 1812-1835 18. JOSEPH STORY 1811-1845 19. SMITH THOMPSON 1823-1843 20. ROBERT TRIMBLE 1826-1828 21. JOHN MCLEAN 1829-1861 22. HENRY BALDWIN 1830-1844 23. JAMES M. WAYNE 1835-1867 24. ROGER B. TANEY 1836-1864 25. PHILIP P. BARBOUR 1836-1841 26. JOHN CATRON 1837-1865 1 Page 6 ICPSR 7240 27. JOHN MCKINLEY 1837-1852 28. PETER V. DANIEL 1841-1860 29. SAMUEL NELSON 1845-1872 30. LEVI WOODBURY 1845-1851 31. ROBERT C. GRIER 1846-1870 32. BENJAMIN R. CURTIS 1851-1857 33. JOHN A. CAMPBELL 1853-1861 34. NATHAN CLIFFORD 1858-1881 35. NOAH H. SWAYNE 1862-1881 36. SAMUEL F. MILLER 1862-1890 37. DAVID DAVIS 1862-1877 38. STEPHEN J. FIELD 1863-1897 39. SALMON P. CHASE 1864-1873 40. WILLIAM STRONG 1870-1880 41. JOSEPH P. BRADLEY 1870-1892 42. WARD HUNT 1872-1882 43. MORRISON R. WAITE 1874-1888 44. JOHN MARSHALL HARLAN 1877-1911 45. WILLIAM B. WOODS 1880-1887 46. STANLEY MATTHEWS 1881-1889 47. HORACE GRAY 1881-1902 48. SAMUEL BLATCHFORD 1882-1893 49. LUCIUS Q.C. LAMAR 1888-1893 50. MELVILLE W. FULLER 1888-1910 51. DAVID J. BREWER 1889-1910 52. HENRY B. BROWN 1890-1906 53. GEORGE SHIRAS 1892-1903 54. HOWELL E. JACKSON 1893-1895 55. EDWARD D. WHITE 1894-1921 56. RUFUS W. PECKHAM 1895-1909 57. JOSEPH MCKENNA 1898-1925 58. OLIVER W. HOLMES 1902-1932 59. WILLIAM RUFUS DAY 1903-1922 60. WILLIAM H. MOODY 1906-1910 61. HORACE H. LURTON 1909-1914 62. CHARLES E. HUGHES 1910-1916 1930-1941 63. WILLIS VAN DEVANTER 1910-1937 64. JOSEPH R. LAMAR 1910-1916 65. MAHLON PITNEY 1912-1922 66. JAMES C. MCREYNOLDS 1914-1941 67. LOUIS D. BRANDEIS 1916-1939 68. JOHN H. CLARKE 1916-1922 69. WILLIAM H. TAFT 1921-1930 70. GEORGE SUTHERLAND 1922-1938 71. PIERCE BUTLER 1922-1939 72. EDWARD T. SANFORD 1923-1930 73. HARLAN F. STONE 1925-1946 74. OWEN J. ROBERTS 1930-1945 75. BENJAMIN N. CARDOZO 1932-1938 76. HUGO L. BLACK 1937- 1 ICPSR 7240 Page 7 77. STANLEY F. REED 1938-1957 78. FELIX FRANKFURTER 1939- 79. WILLIAM O. DOUGLAS 1939- 80. FRANK MURPHY 1940-1949 81. JAMES F. BYRNES 1941-1942 82. ROBERT H. JACKSON 1941-1954 83. WILEY B. RUTLEDGE 1943-1949 84. HAROLD H. BURTON 1945-1958 85. FRED M. VINSON 1946-1953 86. TOM C. CLARK 1949- 87. SHERMAN MINTON 1949-1956 88. EARL WARREN 1953- 89. JOHN M. HARLAN 1955- 90. WILLIAM J. BBENNAN 1956- 91. CHARLES E. WHITTAKER 1957- 92. POTTER C. STEWART 1958- VAR 0003 REF 0003 DATA SET ID-`7240' NAME-PARTY IDENTIFICATION MD=GE 98 LOC 7 WIDTH 2 DK 1 COL 7- 8 PARTY IDENTIFICATION (BASED ON LIPSET) ...................... 13 01. FEDERALIST 4 02. JEFFERSONIAN REPUBLICAN 4 03. NATIONAL REPUBLICAN 11 04. JACKSONIAN DEMOCRAT 26 05. WHIG, AMERICAN ("KNOW NOTHING"), OR REPUBLICAN 10 06. NORTHERN DEMOCRAT 2 07. CALHOUN OR STATES RIGHTS SOUTHERN DEMOCRAT 3 08. LIBERAL SOUTHERN DEMOCRAT 9 09. SOUTHERN DEMOCRAT OR CONSERVATIVE NORTHERN DEMOCRAT 10 10. LIBERAL REPUBLICAN 98. UNKNOWN OR INDEPENDENT VAR 0004 REF 0004 DATA SET ID-`7240' NAME-REPUTATION-FRQNT DSNTR NO MISSING DATA CODES LOC 9 WIDTH 1 DK 1 COL 9 REPUTATION AS A FREQUENT DISSENTER (BASED ON ZOBELL AND EVANS) .................................. 1 Page 8 ICPSR 7240 28 1. HAD SUCH A REPUTATION 64 5. DID NOT HAVE SUCH A REPUTATION VAR 0005 REF 0005 DATA SET ID-`7240' NAME-STATE APPOINTED FROM NO MISSING DATA CODES LOC 10 WIDTH 3 DK 1 COL 10-12 REGIONAL BACKGROUND -- STATE APPOINTED FROM ........................................... NEW ENGLAND 3 101. CONNECTICUT 1 102. MAINE 8 103. MASSACHUSETTS 1 104. NEW HAMPSHIRE 105. RHODE ISLAND 106. VERMONT MIDDLE ATLANTIC 111. DELAWARE 4 112. NEW JERSEY 12 113. NEW YORK 6 114. PENNSYLVANIA EAST NORTH CENTRAL 2 121. ILLINOIS 1 122. INDIANA 2 123. MICHIGAN 9 124. OHIO 125. WISCONSIN WEST NORTH CENTRAL 2 131. IOWA 1 132. KANSAS 1 133. MINNESOTA 1 134. MISSOURI 135. NEBRASKA 136. NORTH DAKOTA 137. SOUTH DAKOTA 1 ICPSR 7240 Page 9 SOLID SOUTH 5 140. VIRGINIA 3 141. ALABAMA 142. ARKANSAS 143. FLORIDA 3 144. GEORGIA 1 145. LOUISIANA 1 146. MISSISSIPPI 2 147. NORTH CAROLINA 3 148. SOUTH CAROLINA 1 149. TEXAS BORDER STATES 5 151. KENTUCKY 4 152. MARYLAND 153. OKLAHOMA 5 154. TENNESSEE 155. WASHINGTON, D.C. 156. WEST VIRGINIA MOUNTAIN STATES 161. ARIZONA 162. COLORADO 163. IDAHO 164. MONTANA 165. NEVADA 166. NEW MEXICO 1 167. UTAH 1 168. WYOMING PACIFIC STATES 3 171. CALIFORNIA 172. OREGON 173. WASHINGTON EXTERNAL STATES 180. ALASKA 181. HAWAII VAR 0006 REF 0006 DATA SET ID-`7240' 1 Page 10 ICPSR 7240 NAME-ETHNIC BACKGROUND MD=GE 888 LOC 13 WIDTH 3 DK 1 COL 13-15 ETHNIC BACKGROUND ................. 53 301. ENGLISH AND WELSH 5 302. IRISH 22 303. SCOTCH (IRISH) 1 310. AUSTRIAN 4 312. FRENCH 3 315. GERMAN 2 317. DUTCH 318. SWISS 1 329. SCANDINAVIAN (DANISH, FINNISH, NORWEGIAN OR SWEDISH) 331. CZECH 336. POLISH 337. RUSSIAN 351. ITALIAN 1 359. SPANISH OR PORTUGESE 699. AFRICAN 888. OTHER VAR 0007 REF 0007 DATA SET ID-`7240' NAME-RELIGIOUS AFFILIATION MD=GE 99 LOC 16 WIDTH 2 DK 1 COL 16-17 RELIGIOUS AFFILIATION ..................... 37 10. EPISCOPALIAN 4 11. CONGREGATIONAL 15 12. PRESBYTERIAN 1 13. FRENCH CALVINIST 3 14. METHODIST 1 15. DUTCH REFORMED 4 16. BAPTIST 1 17. LUTHERAN 2 18. DISCIPLES OF CHRIST 4 19. PROTESTANT (LACKING OTHER INFORMATION) 6 20. ROMAN CATHOLIC 8 30. UNITARIAN 1 ICPSR 7240 Page 11 1 31. QUAKER 3 40. JEWISH 2 50. NO DENOMINATION 99. NA VAR 0008 REF 0008 DATA SET ID-`7240' NAME-PARENTAL OCC NOT-POLTL MD=GE 88 LOC 18 WIDTH 2 DK 1 COL 18-19 PATERNAL OCCUPATION (NON-POLITICAL) .................................... 12 01. PLANTATION OWNER 1 02. UNION ORGANIZER 16 03. BUSINESSMAN, MANUFACTURER, PROPRIETOR 21 06. LAWYER 9 08. CLERGYMAN 9 09. WELL-TO-DO FARMER 8 10. SMALL FARMER 3 11. MECHANIC (SKILLED) 12. LABORER 11 13. PROFESSIONAL 2 88. OTHER 99. NA VAR 0009 REF 0009 DATA SET ID-`7240' NAME-PARENTAL OCC-POLITICAL MD=GE 88 LOC 20 WIDTH 2 DK 1 COL 20-21 PATERNAL OCCUPATION (POLITICAL) ................................ 10 01. STATE JUDGE OR JUDICIAL OFFICIAL SUCH AS CLERK OF COURT 15 02. LOCAL OR STATE EXECUTIVE OFFICIAL (ELECTIVE) 1 03. LOCAL OR STATE EXECUTIVE OFFICIAL (APPOINTIVE) 1 04. U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 05. U.S. SENATE 1 06. FEDERAL EXECUTIVE (APPOINTIVE) 07. FEDERAL EXECUTIVE (ELECTIVE) 08. FEDERAL DISTRICT JUDGE 09. FEDERAL CIRCUIT-JUDGE 8 10. STATE LEGISLATOR 1 Page 12 ICPSR 7240 1 11. PARTY MANAGER 12. PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN MANAGER 1 13. UNSUCCESSFUL CANDIDATE 14. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTOR 52 15. NON-POLITICAL 16. STATE CONSTITUTION CONVENTION 88. OTHER 2 99. NA VAR 0010 REF 0010 DATA SET ID-`7240' NAME-JUSTICE OCC NOT POLTL MD=GE 88 LOC 22 WIDTH 2 DK 1 COL 22-23 JUSTICE'S OCCUPATION (NON-POLITICAL) ..................................... 1 01. PLANTATION OWNER 02. UNION ORGANIZER 03. BUSINESSMAN, MANUFACTURER, PROPRIETOR 91 06. LAWYER 08. CLERGYMAN 09. WELL-TO-DO FARMER 10. SMALL FARMER 11. MECHANIC (SKILLED) 12. LABORER 13. PROFESSIONAL 88. OTHER 99. NA VAR 0011 REF 0011 DATA SET ID-`7240' NAME-JUSTICE OCC-POLITICAL MD=GE 88 LOC 24 WIDTH 2 DK 1 COL 24-25 JUSTICE'S OCCUPATION (POLITICAL) ................................ 17 01. STATE JUDGE OR JUDICIAL OFFICIAL SUCH AS CLERK OF COURT 10 02. LOCAL OR STATE EXECUTIVE OFFICIAL (ELECTIVE) 03. LOCAL OR STATE EXECUTIVE OFFICIAL (APPOINTIVE) 3 04. U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1 ICPSR 7240 Page 13 11 05. U.S. SENATE 26 06. FEDERAL EXECUTIVE (APPOINTIVE) 1 07. FEDERAL EXECUTIVE (ELECTIVE) 5 08. FEDERAL DISTRICT JUDGE 4 09. FEDERAL CIRCUIT JUDGE 8 10. STATE LEGISLATOR 3 11. PARTY MANAGER 12. PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN MANAGER 2 13. UNSUCCESSFUL CANDIDATE 14. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTOR 1 15. NON-POLITICAL 1 16. STATE CONSTITUTION CONVENTION 88. OTHER 99. NA VAR 0012 REF 0012 DATA SET ID-`7240' NAME-PLACE OF BIRTH NO MISSING DATA CODES LOC 26 WIDTH 1 DK 1 COL 26 PLACE OF BIRTH ............. 86 1. NATIVE BORN 5 2. EUROPE 1 3. ASIA 4. AFRICA 5. AUSTRALIA 6. SOUTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA 7. CANADA AND NEWFOUNDLAND VAR 0013 REF 0013 DATA SET ID-`7240' NAME-SIZE OF TOWN WHERE BORN NO MISSING DATA CODES LOC 27 WIDTH 1 DK 1 COL 27 SIZE OF TOWN ..................................... IN MOST CASES, THIS WILL ALSO BE THE TOWN WHERE THE JUSTICE WAS RAISED. 21 1. RURAL 35 2. SMALL TOWN OR VILLAGE 5 3. SMALL CITY 18 4. URBAN CENTER 13 5. METROPOLIS 6. SUBURBAN 1 Page 14 ICPSR 7240 VAR 0014 REF 0014 DATA SET ID-`7240' NAME-NON-LEGAL EDUCATION NO MISSING DATA CODES LOC 28 WIDTH 1 DK 1 COL 28 NON-LEGAL EDUCATION ................... 12 1. PRIVATE TUTOR 7 2. FRONTIER SCHOOL OR PUBLIC SCHOOL 17 3. COLLEGE OR UNIVERSITY OF AVERAGE STANDING IN THE PERIOD 56 4. COLLEGE OF UNIVERSITY OF HIGH STANDING IN THE PERIOD VAR 0015 REF 0015 DATA SET ID-`7240' NAME-LEGAL EDUCATION NO MISSING DATA CODES LOC 29 WIDTH 1 DK 1 COL 29 LEGAL EDUCATION ............... 35 1. LAW SCHOOL OF HIGH STANDING IN THE PERIOD 12 2. LAW SCHOOL OF AVERAGE STANDING IN THE PERIOD 32 3. PRIVATE APPRENTICESHIP UNDER A PROMINENT LAWYER OR JUDGE 11 4. PRIVATE APPRENTICESHIP UNDER AN AVERAGE PRACTITIONER 2 5. SELF-TAUGHT OR APPRENTICE AS A COURT CLERK 0. NO LEGAL TRAINING VAR 0016 REF 0016 DATA SET ID-`7240' NAME-TYP LWYR BFR JDCL APTMNT MD=0 OR GE 7 LOC 30 WIDTH 1 DK 1 COL 30 TYPE OF LAWYER PRIOR TO JUDICIAL APPOINTMENT ............................................ 55 1. LAWYER WHO WAS PRIMARILY POLITICIAN 2. LAWYER IN GENERAL PRACTICE 29 3. PRIMARILY CORPORATION OR BUSINESS LAWYER 4 4. PRIMARILY ACADEMICIAN 4 5. ENGAGED IN JUDICIAL ADMINISTRATION (I.E.,COURT CLERK, ETC.) 7. NONE OF THESE, OTHER 0. NOT LAWYER AT ALL VAR 0017 REF 0017 DATA SET ID-`7240' NAME-ANY JUDICIAL EXPERIENCE MD=GE 9 LOC 31 WIDTH 1 DK 1 COL 31 1 ICPSR 7240 Page 15 JUDICIAL EXPERIENCE ................... 58 1. HAD SOME JUDICIAL EXPERIENCE 34 5. HAD NO JUDICIAL EXPERIENCE 9. NA VAR 0018 REF 0018 DATA SET ID-`7240' NAME-EXTENT JDCL EXPERIENCE NO MISSING DATA CODES LOC 32 WIDTH 1 DK 1 COL 32 EXTENT OF PRIOR JUDICIAL EXPERIENCE ................................... 38 1. WITH EXTENSIVE PRIOR JUDICIAL EXPERIENCE (MEETS REQUIREMENTS OF THE SMATHERS BILL) 54 5. WITHOUT EXTENSIVE PRIOR JUDICIAL EXPERIENCE VAR 0019 REF 0019 DATA SET ID-`7240' NAME-FROM FAM JDCL SERV TRDTN MD=GE 9 LOC 33 WIDTH 1 DK 1 COL 33 CHOSEN FROM FAMILY WITH TRADITIONS OF JUDICIAL SERVICE ...................................................... 25 1. WAS SO CHOSEN 67 5. WAS NOT SO CHOSEN 9. NA VAR 0020 REF 0020 DATA SET ID-`7240' NAME-PARENTS OF HUMBLE SES MD=GE 9 LOC 34 WIDTH 1 DK 1 COL 34 PARENTS OF HUMBLE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL STATUS ............................................ 11 1. HAD PARENTS OF HUMBLE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL STATUS 81 5. DID NOT HAVE PARENTS OF HUMBLE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL STATUS 9. NA 1 Page 16 ICPSR 7240 VAR 0021 REF 0021 DATA SET ID-`7240' NAME-AGE AT APPOINTMENT NO MISSING DATA CODES LOC 35 WIDTH 2 DK 1 COL 35-36 AGE AT APPOINTMENT .................. ACTUAL AGE AT TIME OF APPOINTMENT CODED. 2 32. THIRTY-TWO 1 36. THIRTY-SIX 1 38. THIRTY-EIGHT 1 40. FORTY 2 41. FORTY-ONE 1 42. FORTY-TWO 1 43. FORTY-THREE 3 44. FOPTY-FOUR 3 45. FORTY-FIVE 2 46. FORTY-SIX 3 47. FORTY-SEVEN 3 48. FORTY-EIGHT 5 49. FORTY-NINE 4 50. FIFTY 3 51. FIFTY-ONE 7 52. FIFTY-TWO 4 53. FIFTY-THREE 5 54. FIFTY-FOUR 5 55. FIFTY-FIVE 7 56. FIFTY-SIX 9 57. FIFTY-SEVEN 2 58. FIFTY-EIGHT 4 59. FIFTY-NINE 4 60. SIXTY 3 61. SIXTY-ONE 5 62. SIXTY-TWO 1 63. SIXTY-THREE 1 65. SIXTY-FIVE